Brazilian real

This article is about the modern Brazilian currency unit. For the currency of Brazil from the colonial period to 1942, see Brazilian real (old).

"BRL" redirects here. For other uses, see BRL (disambiguation).

Brazilian real
Real brasileiro (Portuguese)
126px 126px 200 reais banknote obverse 200 reais banknote reverse
ISO 4217 code	BRL
Central bank	Central Bank of Brazil
Website	www.bcb.gov.br
Date of introduction	1 July 1994
User(s)	Brazil
Inflation	10.74% (November 2021)
Source	bcb.gov.br
Method	CPI
Subunit
​1⁄100	centavo
Symbol	R$
Nickname	Pila (in the South), Mango (in the Southeast), Pau, Conto, Réis (plural)
Plural	Reais
Coins
Freq. used	5, 10, 25, 50 centavos, and R$1
Rarely used	1 centavo
Banknotes	R$2, R$5, R$10, R$20, R$50, R$100, R$200
Printer	Casa da Moeda do Brasil
Website	www.casadamoeda.gov.br
Mint	Casa da Moeda do Brasil
Website	www.casadamoeda.gov.br

The Brazilian real (pl. reais; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.

As of April 2019, the real was the twentieth most traded currency.

History

Currencies in use before the current real include:

• The Portuguese real from the 16th to 18th centuries, with 1,000 réis called the milréis.
• The old Brazilian real from 1747 to 1942, with 1,000 réis also called the milréis.
• The first cruzeiro from 1942 to 1967, at 1 cruzeiro = 1 milréis or 1,000 réis.
• The cruzeiro novo from 1967 to 1970, at 1 cruzeiro novo = 1,000 first cruzeiros. From 1970 it was simply called the (second) cruzeiro and was used until 1986.
• The cruzado from 1986 to 1989, at 1 cruzado = 1,000 second cruzeiros.
• The cruzado novo from 1989 to 1990, at 1 cruzado novo = 1,000 cruzados. From 1990, because of the Plano Collor it was renamed the (third) cruzeiro and was used until 1993.
• The cruzeiro real (CR$) from 1993 to 1994, at 1 cruzeiro real = 1,000 third cruzeiros.

The current real was introduced in 1994 at 1 real = 2,750 cruzeiros reais.

The modern real (Portuguese plural reais or English plural reals) was introduced on 1 July 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco, when Rubens Ricupero was the Minister of Finance as part of a broader plan to stabilize the Brazilian economy, known as the Plano Real. The new currency replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real (CR$). The reform included the demonetisation of the cruzeiro real and required a massive banknote replacement.

At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 unidade real de valor (URV, "real value unit") a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2,750 cruzeiros reais, which was the average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the cruzeiro real on that day. As a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U.S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the country's history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 × 10¹⁸ (2.75 quintillion) of Brazil's original réis.

Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U.S. dollar, due to large capital inflows in late 1994 and 1995. During that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$1.20. Between 1996 and 1998 the exchange rate was tightly controlled by the Central Bank of Brazil, so that the real depreciated slowly and smoothly in relation to the dollar, dropping from near 1:1 to about 1.2:1 by the end of 1998. In January 1999 the deterioration of the international markets, disrupted by the Russian default, forced the Central Bank, under its new president Arminio Fraga, to float the exchange rate. This decision produced a major devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2:US$1.

In the following years, the currency's value against the dollar followed an erratic but mostly downwards path from 1999 until late 2002, when the prospect of the election of leftist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, considered a radical populist by sectors of the financial markets, prompted another currency crisis and a spike in inflation. Many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies.

The crisis subsided once Lula took office, after he, his finance minister Antonio Palocci, and Arminio Fraga reaffirmed their intention to continue the orthodox macroeconomic policies of his predecessor (including inflation-targeting, primary fiscal surplus and floating exchange rate, as well as continued payments of the public debt). The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2:US$1. In May 2007, for the first time since 2001 (six years), the real became worth more than US$0.50 — even though the Central Bank, concerned about its effect on the Brazilian economy, had tried to keep it below that symbolic threshold. Lula started his government in 01/01/2003 with an exchange rate of US$1 = R$3.52 and finished it in 12/31/2010 with an exchange rate of US$1=R$1.66.

The exchange rate as of September 2015 was R$4.05 to US$1.00. After a period of gradual recover, it reached 3.0 BRL per US dollar by February 2017.

Jair Bolsonaro's tenure, initially welcomed with enthusiasm by the financial markets, started with US$1=R$3.86. Fueled by meager results of the economy, quick disenchantment followed, resulting in lack of foreign investments and real's strong depreciation. On 13 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, which deeply affected Brazil, the real reached a historical low against the US dollar, being negotiated at US$1=R$5.90.

Coins

First series (1994–1997)

Along with the first series of currency, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1 real in 30 June 1994; the 25 centavos piece was soon followed on 30 September 1994 due to the constant lack of change in intermediate values ​​in the cents range, which caused the validity of the old Cruzeiro and Cruzeiro Real banknotes to have their validity extended for two months beyond what was initially intended for the exchange of banknotes and coins until then in circulation for new ones in the pattern that began to circulate in the second half of 1994. All were struck in stainless steel.

The 1, 5, 10, 50 cents and 1 real coins issued in 1994 have dimensions of size and weight equivalent to the old 1000 cruzeiros, CR$ 5, 10, 50 and 100 respectively, which influenced the replacement of this family from 1998 onwards.

The original 1-real coins, produced only in 1994, were demonetized on 23 December 2003 due to how often it was counterfeited. All other coins remain legal tender.

First series
Image	Value	Design	Emission start date	Withdrawn
	1 centavo	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.	1 July 1994	Current
	5 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	10 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	50 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.
	1 real	Obverse: Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse: Head of Republic.		23 December 2003
	25 centavos	Obverse: Large denomination intersected by wavy lines. Reverse: Head of Republic.	30 Setember 1994	Current

Commemorative coins

In 1995, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Central Bank of Brazil released two commemorative variants of the 10 and 25 centavos coins.

Circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's first series
Image	Value	Details
200px	10 centavos	Release date: 31 May 1995 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Units produced: 1 million for each design Reverse: The 10 centavos coin depicts hands offering a plant shoot with folious ramifications, and the 25 centavos coin depicts crop cultivation. Both coins contain the inscriptions "FAO—1945/1995" and "alimentos para todos" (food for all).
200px	25 centavos

Additionally, non-circulating commemorative coins have also been minted, with non-standard face values – namely R$2, R$3, R$4 and R$20 coins. Although worth more than their face value to collectors, they are nevertheless legal tender.

Non-circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's first series
Value	Details
2 reais	Release date: 4 October 1994 Occasion: 300th anniversary of the Brazilian mint (1694–1994) Units produced: 7 thousand
4 reais	Release date: 23 December 1994 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 4th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 9 thousand
20 reais	Release date: 10 February 1995 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 4th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 2 thousand
3 reais	Release date: 31 March 1995 Occasion: 30th anniversary of the Central Bank of Brazil (1965–1995) Units produced: 5 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 4 December 1995 Occasion: Tribute to Formula One racing driver Ayrton Senna (1960–1994) Units produced: 10 thousand
20 reais	Release date: 4 December 1995 Occasion: Tribute to Formula One racing driver Ayrton Senna (1960–1994) Units produced: 5 thousand
3 reais	Release date: 24 October 1997 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the city of Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais Units produced: 20 thousand

Second series (1998–present)

File:1-real-2018-separado.png

Separated parts of the second series, post-2002 R$1 coin

In 1998, a second series of coins was introduced. It featured copper-plated steel coins of 1 and 5 centavos, brass-plated steel coins of 10 and 25 centavos, a cupronickel 50 centavos coin, and a bi-coloured brass and cupronickel coin of 1 real. However, from 2002 onwards, steel was used for the 50 centavos coin and the central part of the 1 real coin.

In November 2005, the Central Bank discontinued the production of the 1 centavo coins, but the existing ones continue to be legal tender. Retailers now generally round their prices to the next 5 or 10 centavos.

Second series
Image	Value	Design
200px	1 centavo (no longer produced)	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Pedro Álvares Cabral, Portuguese sea captain and Brazil's discoverer, with a 16th-century Portuguese ship in the background.
	5 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (also known as Tiradentes), martyr of an early independence movement known as the Minas Conspiracy. In the background, a triangle, symbol of the movement, and a dove, symbol of peace and freedom.
	10 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Emperor Pedro I, Brazil's first monarch. In the background, the Emperor on a horse: a scene alluding to the proclamation of independence.
	25 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazil's first Republican president. The Republic's coat of arms is in the background.
	50 centavos	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Depicts José Paranhos, Jr., the Baron of Rio Branco, the country's most distinguished Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the background, image of the country with ripples expanding outwards, representing the development of Brazil's foreign policy and the expansion and demarcation of the national borders.
	1 real	Obverse: The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse: Outer ring depicts a sample of the marajoara art pattern. In the inner ring, the Efígie da República, symbol of the Republic.

In November 2019, the Central Bank had the Royal Dutch Mint produce 5 centavos and 50 centavos coins, which have a distinctive letter "A" to indicate they weren't minted by Casa da Moeda.

• Coins minted by the Royal Dutch Mint
• 5-centavos-2019-A.png

  5 centavos coin with mint mark

• 50-centavos-2019-A.png

  50 centavos coin with mint mark

Commemorative coins

File:Rio 2016 coins 7928.jpg

Commemorative 1 real coins for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics Games in Rio de Janeiro. Left, allegory to Olympic boxing, right, allegory to Paralympic swimming.

On occasion, the Central Bank of Brazil has issued special commemorative versions of some of the standard coins. These commemorative coins are legal tender, and usually differ from the standard design only on their reverse side.

Circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's second series
Image	Value	Details
200px	1 real	Release date: 10 December 1998 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Units produced: 600 thousand Reverse: The official logo of the commemorations; in bas-relief, a human figure. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos" (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and "Cinqüentenário" (50th anniversary).
200px	1 real	Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasion: The 100th birth anniversary of Brazilian former president Juscelino Kubitschek Units produced: 50 million Reverse: A face portrait of Kubitschek. Vertically, the inscription "Centenário Juscelino Kubitschek" (Juscelino Kubitschek's centenary). In the outer ring, images alluding to the columns of the Alvorada Palace, the Presidential residence in Brasília, the city that he decided would be built.
200px	1 real	Release date: 23 September 2005 Occasion: The 40th anniversary of the foundation of the Central Bank of Brazil Units produced: 40 million Reverse: Image of the trademark Central Bank building, inspired in the official logo developed for the commemorations. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Banco Central do Brasil" (Central Bank of Brazil) and "1965 40 anos 2005" (1965 40 years 2005).
200px	1 real	Release date: 13 August 2012 Occasion: The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics Units produced: 2 million Reverse: The Olympic Flag in a pole above the official logo of the Games of the XXXI Olympiad. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Entrega da Bandeira Olímpica" (Olympic Flag Handover) and "Londres 2012—Rio 2016" (London 2012—Rio 2016)
200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px 200px	1 real	Release dates: 28 November 2014, 17 April 2015, 7 August 2015, 19 February 2016 (four sets of four designs) Occasion: 2016 Summer Olympics Units produced: 20 million for each design Reverse: Sixteen coin designs, representing athletics (triple jump), swimming, paralympic triathlon, golf, basketball, sailing, paralympic canoeing, rugby, football, volleyball, paralympic athletics (running), judo, boxing, paralympic swimming, and each mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
200px	1 real	Release date: 30 March 2015 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Central Bank of Brazil Units produced: 50 million Reverse: The Central Bank building, its logo, and the inscription "50 anos" (50 years).
200px	1 real	Release date: 28 August 2019 Occasion: The 25th anniversary of the creation of the Plano Real (Real Plan) Units produced: 25 million Reverse: A hummingbird feeding its chicks, based on the image of the 1 real banknote.

Similarly to the first series, non-circulating commemorative coins have also been minted, with the following non-standard face values: R$2, R$5, R$10 and R$20 coins. Likewise, even if they are worth more than their face value to collectors, they are nevertheless legal tender.

Non-circulating commemorative coins of the Brazilian real's second series
Value	Details
5 reais	Release date: 27 October 2000 Occasion: 500th anniversary of Brazil's discovery by the Portuguese (1500–2000) Units produced: 15.286
20 reais	Release date: 27 October 2000 Occasion: 500th anniversary of Brazil's discovery by the Portuguese (1500–2000) Units produced: 6.558
2 reais	Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–2002) Units produced: 11.414
20 reais	Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–2002) Units produced: 2.499
2 reais	Release date: 12 December 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902–2002) Units produced: 6.959
20 reais	Release date: 12 December 2002 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902–2002) Units produced: 2.499
5 reais	Release date: 20 December 2002 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 5th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 9.999
20 reais	Release date: 20 December 2002 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil's 5th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 2.499
2 reais	Release date: 2 August 2003 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Ary Barroso (1903–2003) Units produced: 4.958
20 reais	Release date: 2 August 2003 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Ary Barroso (1903–2003) Units produced: 2.481
2 reais	Release date: 18 December 2003 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the birth of Candido Portinari (1903–2003) Units produced: 2 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 30 January 2004 Occasion: 100th anniversary of FIFA (1904–2004) Units produced: 12.166
20 reais	Release date: 30 January 2004 Occasion: 100th anniversary of FIFA (1904–2004) Units produced: 4.060
2 reais	Release date: 23 October 2006 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the Santos-Dumont 14-bis' famous flight (1906–2006) Units produced: 4 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 4 April 2007 Occasion: Commemorating the 2007 Pan American Games, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced: 10 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 4 April 2007 Occasion: Commemorating the 2007 Pan American Games, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced: 4 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 4 April 2007 Occasion: 200th anniversary of the arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family (1808–2008) Units produced: 2 thousand
2 reais	Release date: 18 June 2008 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the first Japanese immigration to Brazil (via the Kasato Maru ship) (1908–2008) Units produced: 10 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 21 April 2010 Occasion: 50th anniversary of the foundation of Brasília, capital of Brazil (1960–2010) Units produced: 6 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 21 May 2010 Occasion: Commemorating the 2010 FIFA World Cup Units produced: 9 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 1 July 2011 Occasion: 100th anniversary of Ouro Preto, former capital of Minas Gerais (1711–2011) Units produced: 2 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 13 August 2012 Occasion: The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics Units produced: 14.127
5 reais	Release date: 29 October 2012 Occasion: Commemorating the United Nations's International Year of Cooperatives (2012) Units produced: 5 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 15 November 2012 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Goiás, former capital of the state of Goiás Units produced: 3 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 6 December 2013 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais Units produced: 3 thousand
10 reais	Release date: 29 January 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil Units produced: 5 thousand
5 reais	Release date: 29 January 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil Units produced (2 versions): 17.819 (mascot); 19.038 (globe)
2 reais	Release date: 29 January 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil Units produced (6 versions): 19.959 (goalkeeper); 19.929 (chest); 19.723 (heading); 19.802 (pass); 19.952 (dribble); 19.993 (goal)
10 reais	Release date: 28 November 2014 (100 metres); 17 April 2015 (pole vault); 7 August 2015 (freestyle wrestling); 19 February 2016 (Olympic torch) Occasion: Commemorating the 2016 Summer Olympics, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced: 5 thousand (each)
5 reais	Release date: 28 November 2014; 17 April 2015; 7 August 2015; 19 February 2016 Occasion: Commemorating the 2016 Summer Olympics, which took place in Rio de Janeiro Units produced (4 versions): 18.700 + 17.500 + 18 thousand + 13.850 (rowing); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17 thousand + 13.900 (cycling); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17 thousand + 13.300 (athletics); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17.759 + 13.750 (beach volleyball)
5 reais	Release date: 5 December 2014 Occasion: Commemorating the city of São Luís, capital of Maranhão Units produced: 2.980
5 reais	Release date: 3 December 2015 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Salvador, capital of Bahia Units produced: 2.785
5 reais	Release date: 25 November 2016 Occasion: Commemorating the city of Olinda, a city in Pernambuco Units produced: 2.991

Trial strike controversy

File:1 real Bromélia ou Balsemão (1997).jpg

Balsemão's trial strike, nicknamed the "Real Bromélia" or "Real Balsemão"

In 2011, a collector named Pedro Pinto Balsemão claimed to have found a trial strike of the R$1, with a never before seen design, completely different from circulating 1 real coins. Despite the initial skepticism, it was later supposedly confirmed via FOIA requests and interviews that Casa da Moeda do Brasil had minted trial strikes of the R$1 coin prior to the currency design change in 1998, with custom designs that were purposefully different to the final product as to avoid leaks.

In May 2021, however, Bentes Group published an explanation as to why the "Real Bromélia" was not included in their Brazilian coins catalog. They claim to have done extensive research into the piece, and to have concluded that it is not a trial strike or test coin, but instead a sort of vending machine token with no numismatic value.

Banknotes

First series (1994–2010)

In 1994, banknotes print "A" were issued by Casa da Moeda do Brasil in the amounts of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 reais, in addition to supplementary issues of banknotes ordered abroad in the values of 5, 10 and 50 reais of the print "B" produced abroad by the companies Giesecke+Devrient, Thomas de la Rue and François-Charles Oberthur Fiduciaire respectively. In 1997, modified banknotes of 1 real (print "B"), 5 and 10 reais (print "C") were launched, bearing the national flag as a watermark instead of the effigy of the republic in order to reduce the risk of such banknotes being used for counterfeiting banknotes at higher denominations. In 2000, the 10 reais commemorative banknote (print "D") was launched, and this banknote was the first polymer banknote to be issued in the country. In 2000 and 2001, the 2 and 20 reais banknotes were launched, respectively, using the sea turtle and the golden lion tamarin in the watermark and theme, and the 20 reais banknote was the first to make use of holographic elements on the brazilian banknotes. In 2003, the print "C" of the 1 real banknote was put into circulation, which would have the name "República Federativa do Brasil" at the top in the place where the name "Banco Central do Brasil" was customarily placed, which was placed on the under the obverse of the bill, next to the word real. Such banknote ceased to be issued in 2005.

First series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
140px	140px	1 real	140 mm × 65 mm	The Republic's Effigy, portrayed as a bust	Sapphire-spangled emerald hummingbird (Amazilia lactea)
140px	140px	2 reais			Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
140px	140px	5 reais			Great egret (Casmerodius albus)
140px	140px	10 reais			Green-winged macaw (Ara chlorepterus)
140px	140px	20 reais			Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)
140px	140px	50 reais			Jaguar (Onça pintada, Panthera onca)
140px	140px	100 reais			Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)

Commemorative banknotes

In April 2000, in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival on Brazilian shores, the Brazilian Central Bank released a polymer 10 real banknote that circulated along with the other banknotes above. The Brazilian Mint printed 250 million of these notes, which at the time accounted for about half of the 10 real banknotes in circulation.

Obverse	Reverse	Value	Year	Material	Description
140px	140px	10 reais	2000	Polymer	Obverse: Image of Pedro Álvares Cabral, the discoverer of Brazil. Reverse: Stylized version of the map of Brazil, with pictures highlighting the ethnic and cultural plurality of the country.

Second series (2010–present)

On 3 February 2010, the Central Bank of Brazil announced the new series of the real banknotes which would begin to be released in April 2010. The new design added security enhancements in an attempt to reduce counterfeiting. The notes have different sizes according to their values to help vision-impaired people. The changes were made reflecting the growth of the Brazilian economy and the need for a stronger and safer currency. The new banknotes began to enter circulation in December 2010, coexisting with the older ones. On 29 July 2020, the Central Bank of Brazil announced the release of the 200 reais banknote. It was released into circulation on 2 September 2020.

Second series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description		Date of first issue	Watermark
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
121px	121px	2 reais	121 mm × 65 mm	Blue	Wave pattern; head of Republic	Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)	29 July 2013	Hawksbill turtle and electrotype 2
128px	128px	5 reais	128 mm x 65 mm	Purple	Plants; head of Republic	Great egret (Casmerodius albus)	29 July 2013	Great egret and electrotype 5
135px	135px	10 reais	135 mm × 65 mm	Red	Plants; head of Republic	Green-winged macaw (Ara chlorepterus)	23 July 2012	Green-winged macaw and electrotype 10
142px	142px	20 reais	142 mm × 65 mm	Yellow	Plants; head of Republic	Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)	23 July 2012	Golden lion tamarin and electrotype 20
149px	149px	50 reais	149 mm × 70 mm	Brown	Jungle plants; head of Republic	Jaguar (Panthera onca)	13 December 2010	Jaguar and electrotype 50
156px	156px	100 reais	156 mm × 70 mm	Cyan	Underwater plants and starfish; head of Republic; coral	Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus); coral	13 December 2010	Dusky Grouper and electrotype 100
142px	142px	200 reais	142 mm × 65 mm	Grey	Savanna plants; head of Republic	Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)	2 September 2020	Maned wolf and electrotype 200

Exchange rates

Current exchange rates

Current BRL exchange rates
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Historical exchange rate

File:Historical USD BRL exchange rate with Lowest, Highest and Average rates.png

Historical US$/BRL exchange rate with Lowest, Highest and Average rates

File:Historical USD BRL exchange rate.png

Historical US$/BRL exchange rate

File:Euro exchange rate to BRL.svg

The cost of one Euro in Brazilian real.

Brazilian Reais per US dollar 2002–2021

Year		Lowest ↓			Highest ↑			Average
		Date	Rate		Date	Rate		Rate
2002		11 April	2.2640		10 October	4.0050		2.9221
2003		2 July	2.818		14 February	3.7000		3.0780
2004		30 December	2.6540		22 May	3.2420		2.9260
2005		11 November	2.1630		15 March	2.7660		2.4349
2006		5 May	2.0560		24 May	2.4050		2.1782
2007		14 November	1.732		5 January	2.153		1.948
2008		31 July	1.5620		5 December	2.6210		1.8349
2009		15 October	1.698		2 March	2.4510		1.9974
2010		13 October	1.6550		5 February	1.8910		1.7603
2011		26 July	1.5284		22 September	1.9520		1.6750
2012		29 February	1.6920		3 December	2.1395		1.9546
2013		11 March	1.9430		21 August	2.4523		2.1576
2014		10 April	2.1825		16 December	2.7614		2.3531
2015		22 January	2.5554		23 September	4.2491		3.3910
2016		25 October	3.1023		22 January	4.1737		3.4300
2017		16 February	3.0390		19 May	3.3703		3.1855
2018		25 January	3.1463		14 September	4.2066		3.6644
2019		1 February	3.6447		28 November	4.2640		3.9437
2020		2 January	4.0195		14 May	5.8887		5.2420
2021		25 June	4.9142		14 September	5.8757		5.3975

Date	Rate
1994-07-01	1.00
1994-10-14	0.83
1995-02-15	0.88
1995-12-29	0.97
1996-06-11	1.00
1996-12-31	1.04
1997-12-31	1.12
1998-12-31	1.20
1999-01-12	1.21
1999-01-13	1.31
1999-01-29	1.98
1999-03-03	2.16
1999-04-30	1.66
1999-12-31	1.78
2000-12-31	1.96
2001-05-02	2.23
2001-10-15	2.78
2002-01-25	2.38
2002-04-12	2.27
2002-06-27	2.83
2002-09-30	3.87
2002-10-12	3.93
2002-10-22	3.96
2002-12-27	3.53
2003-02-18	3.61
2003-06-28	2.87
2003-09-30	2.93
2003-12-28	2.93
2004-03-31	2.91
2004-05-23	3.18
2004-06-28	3.10
2004-09-30	2.85
2004-12-28	2.69
2005-02-19	2.56
2005-03-26	2.73
2005-06-28	2.38
2005-09-25	2.26
2005-11-11	2.17
2005-12-28	2.36
2006-03-27	2.15
2006-05-07	2.05
2006-12-29	2.13
2007-11-07	1.73
2008-08-01	1.56
2009-03-03	2.42
2009-10-14	1.71
2010-12-30	1.66
2011-07-23	1.53
2012-03-18	1.79
2012-08-19	2.01
2013-03-31	2.01
2013-07-13	2.26
2013-11-01	2.23
2014-01-23	2.40
2014-02-06	2.40
2014-10-23	2.50
2014-12-16	2.75
2015-01-22	2.56
2015-02-02	2.71
2015-03-06	3.05
2015-03-19	3.29
2015-04-24	2.95
2015-04-28	2.88
2015-05-08	2.97
2015-05-29	3.18
2015-08-06	3.53
2015-09-01	3.69
2015-09-04	3.80
2015-09-17	3.88
2015-09-22	4.05
2015-09-24	4.24
2015-09-25	3.97
2015-10-02	3.94
2015-10-09	3.75
2015-11-20	3.69
2015-12-03	3.74
2015-12-09	3.73
2016-02-23	3.97
2016-03-13	3.58
2016-06-30	3.18
2016-10-25	3.10
2017-02-14	3.09

Most traded currencies by value
Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover

Rank	Currency	ISO 4217 code (symbol)	% daily share (April 2013)
1	United States dollar	USD ($)	87.0%
2	Euro	EUR (€)	33.4%
3	Japanese yen	JPY (¥)	23.0%
4	Pound sterling	GBP (£)	11.8%
5	Australian dollar	AUD ($)	8.6%
6	Swiss franc	CHF (Fr)	5.2%
7	Canadian dollar	CAD ($)	4.6%
8	Mexican peso	MXN ($)	2.5%
9	Chinese yuan	CNY (¥)	2.2%
10	New Zealand dollar	NZD ($)	2.0%
11	Swedish krona	SEK (kr)	1.8%
12	Russian ruble	RUB (₽)	1.6%
13	Hong Kong dollar	HKD ($)	1.4%
14	Norwegian krone	NOK (kr)	1.4%
15	Singapore dollar	SGD ($)	1.4%
16	Turkish lira	TRY (₺)	1.3%
17	South Korean won	KRW (₩)	1.2%
18	South African rand	ZAR (R)	1.1%
19	Brazilian real	BRL (R$)	1.1%
20	Indian rupee	INR (₹)	1.0%
Other			6.3%
Total			200%

See also

• Central Bank of Brazil
• Economy of Brazil
• Plano Real
• Portuguese real

External links

• Brazil's Currency War
• Images of historic and modern Brazilian bank notes
• "The Invention of the Real"—This American Life
• Historical banknotes of Brazil