Guilford Marsh Bell
| Guilford Bell | |
|---|---|
| Born | Guilford Marsh Bell 21 December 1912 Brisbane |
| Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Melbourne |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Alma mater | Queensland Institute of Technology University College London |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Awards | Victorian Architectural Medal 1963–64 |
| Buildings | Simon House, Mount Eliza Fairfax Pavilion, Bellevue Hill Drysdale Homestead McGrath House |
Guilford Marsh Bell (21 December 1912 – 9 January 1992) was an Australian architect active following from World War II until his death in 1992. During his early studies Bell travelled extensively, drawing influences that were later reflected for his projects. Bell worked prolifically both individually and in various partnerships, allowing him to produce many architectural works. Uncommonly, Bell contributed to local and interstate projects including homesteads, pavilions, suburban houses, large commercial and industrial establishments. Bell died in Melbourne in 1992. His latest practice (Guilford Bell & Graham Fisher Architects) continues under the directorship of Graham Fisher.
Life and work
Early years and education
Born into a successful farming family in 1912. Bell was initially educated at the Queensland University of Technology until the dis-accreditation of his qualifications resulted in his relocation to England where he joined the practice of Albert Richardson. Completing his architectural education under the supervision and tutelage of Richardson and Professor H. O Corfiato of University of London, Bell matriculated as an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects, additionally recognising Bell as an architect within Australia.[1]
Travel and war service
During his time in England, Bell was involved with home renovations for Agatha Christie, whom he had already a friendship from an earlier meeting in Australia in the early thirties.
Bell accompanied both Christie and her husband Sir Max Mallowan, a renowned archaeologist, on a series of digs in Syria of which a selection of Bells drawings were later published by the British Museum magazine. This time in the middle east influenced the young Bell, and would become an enduring classical influence on projects throughout his life.
The onset of World War II saw Bell return to Australia and enlist in the Royal Australian Air Force serving in Morotai before having a role as a liaison officer to the United States Air Force located in the Northern Territory, as well as additional time spent in Canberra.
After the war ended, Bell took a position with Ansett Australia, winning preference over official Ansett architect La Guerche to design and supervise construction of the first Australian international resort on Hayman Island.
Architectural practices and partnerships
After working for Ansett Australia Transport Industries, Bell began a private practice in Melbourne in 1952. Bell designed houses for a mainly wealthy clientele, which he would continue for the rest of his career.
Nine years later, Bell formed a partnership with Neil Clerehan. Although both had similar architectural leanings in their obsession with privacy and blank walls, the pair terminated their joint practice in 1964 due to fundamentally differing design ideas. Working as a sole practitioner again, the following decade saw Bell design some of his most well known buildings, including his most renowned work, the pavilion James Fairfax commissioned to be built in Bowral, NSW. In 1983, now entering his seventies, Bell invited Graham Fisher to form a partnership. Fisher and Bell worked together until Bell's death in 1992.
Projects
Simon House, Mount Eliza, VIC
The modernist approach that the Bell Clerehan Partnership adopted for the design of the Simon House, is very prototypical of Bell's architectural style. Being a countryman, the relationship between the land and architecture was very significant to Bell. This is why "an integrated sequence of interior and exterior spaces",[2] was affiliated to combine the living quarters around a centred terrace and swimming pool. Glazed panels wrap the living and dining room spaces, to fully appreciate the views of the Mornington Peninsula. Symmetry is abundant throughout the single-storey floor plan and program is mirrored in an even trend throughout. This project won the "Victorian Architectural Medal" in 1963–64.[3]
Drysdale Homestead, Killcare Heights, NSW
During the 1960s, Bell's focal projects were based on his interest with homesteads. The Drysdale House, set on Killcare Heights, has spectacular views over inland waterways and distant hills which set the design theme of the house – "Everything should face that view which must be framed and punctuated."[4] The design consists of three separate pavilions connected by courtyards and lower roofed gallery halls. An important element of the design is the structural beams which begin to be expressed internally, and continue to exit externally to frame the northern facing view.
Fairfax Pavilion, Retford Park Bowral, NSW
The renowned Fairfax Pavilion sits in its picturesque surrounding perfectly, as Bell designed it purposely to compliment the scenery. In its classically Grecian style, it has become the "most poetic garden and pavilion"[5] that Bell has constructed.[6] His desire to combine nature and architecture is achieved by the elongated pool and the pond which harmonise the flow of the environment throughout and the garden room inside the pavilion to complete the scene. The “evergreen laurel hedge”[7] and glazing enclose the 1986 structure to create an order of privacy yet still allowing the boundary of inner and outer space to feel ambiguous.
McFarlane House, Vaucluse, NSW
Located in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, the elevated site is positioned with north and west harbour views. Designed at the same time as the Seccull house in 1972, the project's prominent characteristic of arches was a request from the client. The entrance from the single-storey block, takes the participant across to swimming pool and courtyard, passing by a view the Sydney Opera House and Bridge from the entrance hall. This gave inspiration to the "whole logic and layout of the house".[8] This invokes a memorable sequence the participant follows, with elements from the Seccull House.
Seccull House, Brighton, VIC
The design was provoked by a previous work by Bell, a pavilion fantasy of simplicity and purity, and the Seccull's requested a translation of this garden temple into a home.[9] Serenity and privacy were a prime importance to Bell, creating an urban walled haven with his rigorous entry and receiving design. The house design incorporates extensive courtyard spaces that create a dense network of carefully controlled interiors.[10] Surrounding is a rendered brick three-metre perimeter wall used as privacy protection.[11] The flat roofed house with a F-shaped plan, exhibits an articulated interior and marble modular path throughout, as main circulation areas.
Grant House, Officer, VIC
Considered the last residential project which Bell completed with Fisher, the Grant House is a well-renowned work of architecture. The "pyramidal"[12] roof reflects his interest from his travels in the Middle East and gives a certain eccentricity to the building. The way in which the residence sits centrally in the expansive landscape is modelled off an André Le Nôtre work, Vaux-le-Vicomte.[13] The distant scenery gives views of the Gippsland Ranges and due to the sloping of the land, stairs have been introduced as a practical and symmetrical way to order the landscape design. This building has become a National-trust listed project, and subsequently heritage listed by the local council.
Awards
The Simon house in Mt Eliza which was awarded the 1964 Victorian Architectural Medal.
The University of Queensland established the Guilford Bell Scholarship award in 2009, "maintained by a bequest from the late Orme Augusta Marsh",[14] Bell's sister. The scholarship is awarded to an advanced student to study international architectural methods.
Gallery
| Images and sketches of Bell's works | ||||||||||||
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See also
- Sir Albert Richardson: Bell's mentor
- James Fairfax: Bell's client
- Simon House, Mount Eliza
- List of Australian architects
References
- ↑ Graham Fisher, director, Guilford Bell & Graham Fisher Architects, Interview, 16 April 2014.
- ↑ Black, Richard & Edquist, Harriet (2005). The Architecture of Neil Clerehan. Melbourne: RMIT University Press. pp. 38. ISBN 0-86459-383-X.
- ↑ Black & Edquist, pp. 41.
- ↑ Bell, Guilford & Imrie, Anne (1982). 1952–1980 architecture of Guilford Bell. South Melbourne: Proteus Publishing. pp. 35–36. ISBN 0-949635-00-6.
- ↑ Van Schaik, Leon (1999). The life work of Guilford Bell, architect 1912–1992. Melbourne: Bookman Press. pp. 163. ISBN 978-0958720618.
- ↑ Bell & Imrie, pp. 51.
- ↑ Van Schaik, pp. 163.
- ↑ Van Schaik, pp. 160–161.
- ↑ Bell & Imrie, pp. 61–63.
- ↑ Goad, Philip. (2009). Melbourne Architecture. Boorowa: The Watermark Press. pp. 205. ISBN 978-0949284365.
- ↑ Van Schaik, pp. 56, 60.
- ↑ Property Observer
- ↑ Van Schaik, pp. 161–162.
- ↑ The University of Queensland Scholarships and Prizes
