Hippias (tyrant)
Hippias of Athens (Greek: Ἱππίας ὁ Ἀθηναῖος) was one of the sons of Peisistratus, and was tyrant of Athens in the 6th century BC.[1]
Hippias succeeded Peisistratus in 527 BC. His brother Hipparchus, who may have ruled jointly with him, was murdered by Harmodius and Aristogeiton (the Tyrannicides) in 514 BC. Hippias executed the Tyrannicides and became a bitter and cruel ruler.[citation needed] Hippias' cruelty soon created unrest among his subjects. As he began losing control he sought military support from the Persian kingdoms to the East. He managed to form an alliance by marrying his daughter, Archedike, to Aiantides, son of Hippoklos, the tyrant of Lampsakos.[2] This relationship with Hippoklos helped facilitate Hippias' access to Darius' court at Susa.[3]
The Alcmaeonidae family of Athens, which Peisistratus had exiled in 546 BC, was concerned about Hippias forming alliances with the Persian ruling class, and began planning an invasion to depose him. In 510 BC Cleomenes I of Sparta successfully invaded Athens and trapped Hippias on the Acropolis.[4][5] They also took the Pisistratidae children hostage, and Hippias was forced to leave Athens in order to have them returned safely. He was expelled from Athens in 510.[citation needed]
The Spartans later thought that a free, democratic Athens would be dangerous to Spartan power, and attempted to recall Hippias and reestablish the tyranny. Hippias had fled to Persia, and the Persians threatened to attack Athens if they did not accept Hippias; nevertheless the Athenians preferred to remain democratic despite the danger from Persia. Soon after this, the Ionian Revolt began. It was put down in 494 BC, but Darius I of Persia was intent on punishing Athens for its role in the revolt. In 490 BC Hippias, still in the service of the Persians, led Darius to Marathon, Greece. According to Herodotus, Hippias had a dream that the Persians would be defeated, and they in fact were defeated at the Battle of Marathon although many historical texts believe that Hippias saw many omens for victory on both sides.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution, Part 18
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- ↑ Thucydides 6.59.3
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| Preceded by | Tyrant of Athens 527 BC - 510 BC |
Succeeded by Cleisthenes |
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- Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015
- 5th-century BC deaths
- 5th-century BC Greek people
- 6th-century BC births
- 6th-century BC Greek people
- Ancient Athenians
- Archaic Athens
- Archaic tyrants
- Athenian tyrants
- Ancient Greek emigrants to Persia
- Battle of Marathon
