Tlatoani
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Tlatoani (Classical Nahuatl: tlahtoāni [t͡ɬaʔtoˈaːni], plural tlahtoānimeh [t͡ɬaʔtoaːˈnimeʔ]; variant tlahtohqui [t͡ɬaʔˈtoʔki], plural tlahtohqueh [t͡ɬaʔˈtoʔkeʔ]) is the Nahuatl term for the ruler of an altepetl, a pre-Hispanic state. The word literally means "speaker", but may be translated into English as "king".[1] A cihuātlahtoāni ([siwaːt͡ɬaʔtoˈaːni]) is a female ruler, or queen regnant.[2]
The term cuauhtlatoani refers to "provisional, interim, or at least non-dynastic rulers".[3] The leaders of the Mexica prior to their settlement are sometimes referred to as quauhtlatoque, as are those colonial rulers who were not descended from the ruling dynasty.
The ruler's lands were called tlahtohcātlālli [t͡ɬɑʔtoʔkɑːˈt͡ɬɑːlli][4] and the ruler's house was called tlahtohcācalli [t͡ɬɑʔtoʔkɑːˈkɑlli][4]
The city-states of the Aztec empire each had their own Tlatoani or leader. He would be the high priest and military leader for his city-state. He would be considered their commander and chief. As the Tlatoani he would make every decision for his city-state from taxes to warfare. He would always be a descendent of the royal family. Since the Tlatoani was allowed to have several wives his legacy would be easily maintained. After being established as the Tlatoani, he would be the Tlatoani of his region for life. The Tlatoani was chosen by a council of elders, nobles, and priests. He would be selected from a pool of four candidates.
Tlatoani during times of war
The Tlatoani during times of war would be in charge of creating battle plans, and making strategies for his army. He would draft these plans after receiving information from various scouts, messengers, and spies who were sent out to an enemy altepetl (city-state). Detailed information was presented to him from those reports to be able to construct a layout of the enemy.
These layouts would be heavily detailed from city structures to surrounding area. The Tlatoani would be the most informed about any conflict and would be the primary decision maker during war.
He would also be in charge of gaining support from allied rulers by sending gifts and emissaries from his city-state. During warfare the Tlatoani would be informed immediately of deaths and captures of his warriors. He would also be in charge of informing his citizens about fallen or captive warriors, and would present gifts to the successful ones.
See also
- List of Tenochtitlan rulers
- List of Texcoco rulers
- List of Tlatelolco rulers
- Aztec Emperors family tree
- Aztec Empire
Notes
- ↑ Lockhart (2001, p.238); Schroeder (2007, p.3). See also the entry for "TLAHTOANI", in Wimmer (2006)
- ↑ Schroeder (2007, pp.3–4). See also the entry for "CIHUATLAHTOANI" in Wimmer (2006).
- ↑ Schroeder (1991, p. 188).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nahuatl dictionary (1997). Wired humanities project. Retrieved January 1, 2012, from link
References
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- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (English) (Nahuatl)
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- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (French) (Nahuatl)
- Barbara A. Somervill. Great Empires of the Past: Empire of the Aztecs. New York: Chelsa House, 2010.
- Carrasco, David. Daily Life of The Aztecs: People of the Sun and Earth. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998.
- Carrasco, D. 1998, 139.
- Sahagun, Bernardino de. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Translated and edited by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble. 13 vols. Santa Fe: School of American Research, and University of Utah, 1950-1982.
- Sahagun, Florentine Codex, VIII: 52.
- Somervill, B. 2010, 78.
