Applied Physics Laboratory

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For other uses, see APL (disambiguation).
Applied Physics Laboratory
JHU APL logo.png
Established 1942
Research type Unclassified/classified
Director Dr. Ralph Semmel
Staff 5300[1]
Location Laurel, MD
Operating agency
 Johns Hopkins University
Website http://www.jhuapl.edu/

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), located in Howard County, Maryland, near Laurel and Columbia, is a not-for-profit, university-affiliated research center employing 5,300 people. APL is primarily a defense contractor. It serves as a technical resource for the Department of Defense, NASA, and other government agencies. The Lab is an engineering research and development organization rather than an academic division of Johns Hopkins University. Hopkins’ Whiting School of Engineering offers part-time graduate programs through its Engineering for Professionals program. Courses are taught at seven locations in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area, including the APL Education Center.[2]

History

APL was created in 1942 during World War II under the Office of Scientific Research and Development as part of the Government’s effort to mobilize the nation’s science and engineering expertise within its universities. Its founding director was Merle Anthony Tuve. The Laboratory succeeded in developing the variable-time proximity fuze[3] that played a significant role in the Allied victory.[4] In response to the fuze's success, the APL created the MK 57 gun director in 1944. Pleased with the APL's work, the Navy then tasked it with the mission to find a way to negate guided missile threats. From there on, the APL became very involved in wartime research.[5] Expected to disband at the end of the war, APL instead became heavily involved in the development of guided missile technology for the Navy. At governmental request, the University continued to maintain the Laboratory as a public service.

APL was originally located in Silver Spring, Maryland in a used-car garage[6] at the former Wolf Motor Company building at 8621 Georgia Avenue.[7] APL moved to Laurel beginning in 1954, with the construction of a two million dollar building and a $700,000 wing expansion in 1956.[8] The final staff transitioned to the new facility in 1975.[6][9] Before moving to Laurel, APL also maintained the "Forest Grove Station", north of Silver Spring on Georgia Avenue near today's Forest Glen Metro,[10] which included a hypersonic wind tunnel.[11] The Forest Grove Station was vacated and torn down in 1963 and flight simulations were moved to Laurel.

The Laboratory’s name comes from its origins in World War II, but APL’s major strengths are systems engineering and technology application. About half of the technical staff are engineers, and 25% have computer science and math degrees. APL conducts programs in fundamental and applied research; exploratory and advanced development; test and evaluation; and systems engineering and integration.

In 1965, the US Army contracted with APL to develop and implement a test and evaluation program for the Pershing missile systems.[12] APL developed the Pershing Operational Test Program (OTP), provided technical support to the Pershing Operational Test Unit (POTU), identified problem areas and improved the performance and survivability of the Pershing systems.[13]

In 1990, APL became involved with Operation Desert Storm and is involved in the Gulf Crisis Room[clarification needed] among other efforts. In the same decade (1992), APL along with Johns Hopkins University developed an algorithm that allowed for automatic mammogram analysis.[5]

In 2014, the APL made history with the successful use of Modular Prosthetic Limbs by a "bilateral shoulder-level amputee." APL used pattern recognition algorithms to track which muscles were contracting and enable the prosthetics to move in conjunction with the amputee's body.[14]

APL has designed many spacecraft for the Department of Defense, including the Transit (satellite) series, and scientific spacecraft for NASA, including the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, New Horizons, MESSENGER, STEREO and the Van Allen Probes.[15] The Lab is currently developing the Solar Probe Plus mission to probe the outer corona of the Sun.[16]

Located on a 399 acre campus, APL is also home to a Johns Hopkins graduate program in engineering and applied sciences, Engineering for Professionals.[17]

Research

The U.S. Navy continues to be APL’s primary long-term sponsor. The Laboratory performs work for the Missile Defense Agency, the Department of Homeland Security, intelligence agencies, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and others. The Laboratory supports NASA through space science, spacecraft design and fabrication, and mission operations. APL has made significant contributions in the areas of air defense, strike and power projection, submarine security, antisubmarine warfare, strategic systems evaluation, command and control, distributed information and display systems, sensors, information processing and space systems. APL has built and operated many spacecraft, including: the TRANSIT navigation system, NEAR, Geosat, ACE, TIMED, CONTOUR, MESSENGER, the New Horizons mission to Pluto, and STEREO.[15] APL proposed the Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) mission to NASA.[15]

The asteroid 132524 APL has been named in honor of APL after a flyby by the New Horizons spacecraft.

As of APL's 70th anniversary, there were over 600 projects in progress, spanning from those in APL's more traditional areas of work, including air defense, undersea warfare precision engagement and strategic systems to newer types of projects, including those in homeland security and cyber operations.[5] Due to the nature of the APL's work, many of its projects' details are kept confidential.

Drones

The APL researches and produces unmanned aerial vehicles for the US military.[18][19] One of its most recent projects is an unmanned aerial 'swarm'.[20]

See also

References

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  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td2104/hagler.pdf Archived September 11, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ The Johns Hopkins Gazette: March 25, 2002
  10. ↑ Google Maps
  11. ↑ The Hypersonic Wind Tunnel At The Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, - Storming Media
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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