List of amphibians of North America

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This is a checklist of American amphibians found north of Mexico, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[1][2] The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[3]
* alien species

Extinction Extinction Extinct in the Wild Critically Endangered Endangered species Vulnerable species Near Threatened Threatened species Least Concern Least ConcernIUCN conservation statuses

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[4])

and Endangered Species Act:

Template:ESA status – endangered, Template:ESA status – threatened
Template:ESA status, Template:ESA status – experimental nonessential or essential population
Template:ESA status, Template:ESA status – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(the data are current as of March 28, 2014[5])


Order: Urodela

Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum
File:Plethodon dorsalis.jpg
Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis

Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea

Family: Cryptobranchidae

Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
(Ozark hellbender C. a. bishopi: Template:ESA status)

Suborder: Salamandroidea

Family: Salamandridae

Subfamily: Pleurodelinae
Eastern newts
Black-spotted newt Notophthalmus meridionalis EN
Striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus NT
Eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens LC
Pacific newts
Rough-skinned newt Taricha granulosa LC
Red-bellied newt Taricha rivularis LC
Sierra newt Taricha sierrae LC
California newt Taricha torosa LC

Family: Plethodontidae

Subfamily: Plethodontinae
Web-toed salamanders
Limestone salamander Hydromantes brunus VU
Mount Lyell salamander Hydromantes platycephalus LC
Shasta salamander Hydromantes shastae VU
Climbing salamanders
Green salamander Aneides aeneus NT
Clouded salamander Aneides ferreus NT
Black salamander Aneides flavipunctatus NT
Sacramento Mountains salamander Aneides hardii LC
Arboreal salamander Aneides lugubris LC
Wandering salamander Aneides vagrans NT
Dusky salamanders
Cumberland dusky salamander Desmognathus abditus NT
Seepage salamander Desmognathus aeneus NT
Apalachicola dusky salamander Desmognathus apalachicolae LC
Southern dusky salamander Desmognathus auriculatus LC
Ouachita dusky salamander Desmognathus brimleyorum LC
Carolina Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus carolinensis LC
Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus fuscus LC
Spotted dusky salamander Desmognathus conanti (formerly in Desmognathus fuscus)
Flat-headed salamander Desmognathus planiceps (formerly in Desmognathus fuscus)
Dwarf black-bellied salamander Desmognathus folkertsi DD
Imitator salamander Desmognathus imitator LC
Shovel-nosed salamander Desmognathus marmoratus LC
Seal salamander Desmognathus monticola LC
Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC
Ocoee salamander Desmognathus ocoee LC
Blue Ridge dusky salamander Desmognathus orestes LC
Northern pygmy salamander Desmognathus organi
Black-bellied salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC
Santeetlah dusky salamander Desmognathus santeetlah LC
Black mountain salamander Desmognathus welteri LC
Pigmy salamander Desmognathus wrighti LC
Ensatina
Ensatina Ensatina eschscholtzii LC
Red Hills salamander
Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti EN Template:ESA status
Woodland salamanders
Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander †Plethodon ainsworthi EX
Western slimy salamander Plethodon albagula LC
Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon amplus VU
Ozark zigzag salamander Plethodon angusticlavius LC
Scott Bar salamander Plethodon asupak VU
Tellico salamander Plethodon aureolus DD
Caddo Mountain salamander Plethodon caddoensis NT
Chattahoochee slimy salamander Plethodon chattahoochee
Cheoah bald salamander Plethodon cheoah VU
Atlantic Coast slimy salamander Plethodon chlorobryonis
Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus LC
White-spotted slimy salamander Plethodon cylindraceus LC
Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis LC
Dunn's salamander Plethodon dunni LC
Northern ravine salamander Plethodon electromorphus LC
Del Norte salamander Plethodon elongatus NT
Fourche Mountain salamander Plethodon fourchensis VU
Northern slimy salamander Plethodon glutinosus LC
Southeastern slimy salamander Plethodon grobmani
Valley and ridge salamander Plethodon hoffmani LC
Peaks of Otter salamander Plethodon hubrichti VU
Coeur d'Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis LC
Red-cheeked salamander Plethodon jordani NT
Cumberland Plateau salamander Plethodon kentucki LC
Kiamichi slimy salamander Plethodon kiamichi DD
Louisiana slimy salamander Plethodon kisatchie LC
Larch Mountain salamander Plethodon larselli NT
South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon meridianus VU
Southern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon metcalfi LC
Mississippi slimy salamander Plethodon mississippi
Northern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon montanus LC
Jemez Mountains salamander Plethodon neomexicanus NT Template:ESA status
Cheat Mountain salamander Plethodon nettingi NT Template:ESA status
Ocmulgee slimy salamander Plethodon ocmulgee
Rich Mountain salamander Plethodon ouachitae NT
Pigeon Mountain salamander Plethodon petraeus VU
White-spotted salamander Plethodon punctatus NT
Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander Plethodon richmondi LC
Savannah slimy salamander Plethodon savannah
Sequoyah slimy salamander Plethodon sequoyah DD
Southern red-backed salamander Plethodon serratus LC
Shenandoah salamander Plethodon shenandoah VU Template:ESA status
Big Levels salamander Plethodon sherando VU
Red-legged salamander Plethodon shermani VU
Siskiyou Mountains salamander Plethodon stormi EN
Southern Appalachian salamander Plethodon teyahalee LC
Van Dyke's salamander Plethodon vandykei LC
South Carolina slimy salamander Plethodon variolatus
Western redback salamander Plethodon vehiculum LC
Southern zigzag salamander Plethodon ventralis LC
Shenandoah Mountain salamander Plethodon virginia NT
Webster's salamander Plethodon websteri LC
Wehrle's salamander Plethodon wehrlei LC
Weller's salamander Plethodon welleri EN
Yonahlossee salamander Plethodon yonahlossee LC
Patch-nosed salamander Urspelerpes brucei
Subfamily: Spelerpinae
Brook salamanders
Brownback salamander or dark-sided salamander Eurycea aquatica
Northern two-lined salamander Eurycea bislineata LC
Chamberlain's dwarf salamander Eurycea chamberlaini DD
Salado Springs salamander Eurycea chisholmensis VU Template:ESA status
Southern two-lined salamander Eurycea cirrigera LC
Three-lined salamander Eurycea guttolineata LC
Junaluska salamander Eurycea junaluska VU
Cascade Caverns salamander Eurycea latitans VU
Long-tailed salamander Eurycea longicauda LC
Cave salamander Eurycea lucifuga LC
Many-ribbed salamander Eurycea multiplicata LC
San Marcos salamander Eurycea nana VU Template:ESA status
Georgetown salamander Eurycea naufragia EN Template:ESA status
Texas salamander Eurycea neotenes VU
Blanco River springs salamander Eurycea pterophila DD
Dwarf salamander Eurycea quadridigitata LC
Barton Springs salamander Eurycea sosorum VU Template:ESA status
Jollyville Plateau salamander Eurycea tonkawae EN Template:ESA status
Comal blind salamander Eurycea tridentifera VU
Valdina Farms salamander Eurycea troglodytes DD
Oklahoma salamander Eurycea tynerensis NT
Austin blind salamander Eurycea waterlooensis VU Template:ESA status
Blue Ridge two-lined salamander Eurycea wilderae LC
Texas blind salamander Eurycea rathbuni VU Template:ESA status
Blanco blind salamander Eurycea robusta DD
Grotto salamander
Grotto salamander Eurycea spelaea LC
Spring salamanders
Berry Cave salamander Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN
Tennessee cave salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus VU
Spring salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC
West Virginia spring salamander Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN
Georgia blind salamander
Georgia blind salamander Haideotriton wallacei VU
Red and mud salamanders
Mud salamander Pseudotriton montanus LC
Red salamander Pseudotriton ruber LC
Many-lined salamander
Many-lined salamander Stereochilus marginatus LC
Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae
Slender salamanders
Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps altasierrae
California slender salamander Batrachoseps attenuatus LC
Fairview slender salamander Batrachoseps bramei
Inyo Mountains salamander Batrachoseps campi EN
Hell Hollow slender salamander Batrachoseps diabolicus DD
San Gabriel slender salamander Batrachoseps gabrieli DD
Gabilan Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC
Gregarious slender salamander Batrachoseps gregarius LC
San Simeon slender salamander Batrachoseps incognitus DD
Sequoia slender salamander Batrachoseps kawia DD
Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps luciae LC
Garden slender salamander Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. m. aridus: Template:ESA status)
Lesser slender salamander Batrachoseps minor DD
Black-bellied slender salamander Batrachoseps nigriventris LC
Channel Islands slender salamander Batrachoseps pacificus LC
Kings River slender salamander Batrachoseps regius VU
Relictual slender salamander Batrachoseps relictus DD
Kern Plateau salamander Batrachoseps robustus NT
Kern Canyon slender salamander Batrachoseps simatus VU
Tehachapi slender salamander Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU
Oregon slender salamander Batrachoseps wrighti VU
Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae
Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum LC

Family: Proteidae

Alabama waterdog Necturus alabamensis EN
Gulf Coast waterdog Necturus beyeri LC
Neuse River waterdog Necturus lewisi NT
Common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus LC
Dwarf waterdog Necturus punctatus LC

Family: Ambystomatidae

Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means
Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Ringed salamander Ambystoma annulatum LC
Streamside salamander Ambystoma barbouri NT
Frosted flatwoods salamander Ambystoma cingulatum VU Template:ESA status
Reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystoma bishopi VU Template:ESA status (formerly in A. cingulatum)
California tiger salamander Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties Template:ESA status, central California Template:ESA status)
Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile LC
Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC
Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale LC
Mabee's salamander Ambystoma mabeei LC
Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander A. m. croceum: Template:ESA status)
Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum LC
Barred tiger salamander Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander A. m. stebbinsi: Template:ESA status)
Marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum LC
Mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum LC
Small-mouthed salamander Ambystoma texanum LC
Tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum LC

Family: Amphiumidae

Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means LC
One-toed amphiuma Amphiuma pholeter NT
Three-toed amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum LC

Family: Dicamptodontidae

Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus LC
Cope's giant salamander Dicamptodon copei LC
California giant salamander Dicamptodon ensatus NT
Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC

Family: Rhyacotritonidae

Lesser siren Siren intermedia
Cascade torrent salamander Rhyacotriton cascadae NT
Columbia torrent salamander Rhyacotriton kezeri NT
Olympic torrent salamander Rhyacotriton olympicus VU
Southern torrent salamander Rhyacotriton variegatus LC

Suborder: Sirenoidea

Family: Sirenidae

Dwarf sirens
Southern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus axanthus LC
Northern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus striatus LC
Sirens
Lesser siren Siren intermedia LC
Greater siren Siren lacertina LC

Order: Anura

File:Bullfrog - Rana catesbeiana.jpg
American bullfrog
Lithobates catesbeiana
File:Ascaphus truei web.jpg
Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei
American toad
Anaxyrus americanus
- detail of parotoid glands
File:Spea hammondii 1.jpg
Western spadefoot toad
Spea hammondii
Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor

Suborder: Archaeobatrachia

Family: Ascaphidae

Rocky Mountain tailed frog Ascaphus montanus LC
Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei LC

Suborder: Mesobatrachia

Family: Pipidae

African clawed frog Xenopus laevis * LC

Family: Rhinophrynidae

Burrowing toad Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC

Family: Scaphiopodidae

North American spadefoot toads
Couch's spadefoot Scaphiopus couchii LC
Eastern spadefoot Scaphiopus holbrookii LC
Hurter's spadefoot Scaphiopus hurterii LC
Western spadefoot toads
Plains spadefoot Spea bombifrons LC
Western spadefoot Spea hammondii NT
Great Basin spadefoot Spea intermontana LC
Mexican spadefoot Spea multiplicata LC

Suborder: Neobatrachia

Family: Bufonidae

American toad Anaxyrus americanus LC
Wyoming toad Anaxyrus baxteri EW
Western toad Anaxyrus boreas NT
Amargosa toad Anaxyrus nelsoni EN (formerly in Anaxyrus boreas)
Arroyo toad Anaxyrus californicus EN Template:ESA status
Yosemite toad Anaxyrus canorus EN
Great Plains toad Anaxyrus cognatus LC
American green toad Anaxyrus debilis LC
Black toad Anaxyrus exsul VU
Fowler's toad Anaxyrus fowleri LC
Canadian toad Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC Template:ESA status
Houston toad Anaxyrus houstonensis EN Template:ESA status
Arizona toad Anaxyrus microscaphus LC
Red-spotted toad Anaxyrus punctatus LC
Oak toad Anaxyrus quercicus LC
Sonoran green toad Anaxyrus retiformis LC
Texas toad Anaxyrus speciosus LC
Southern toad Anaxyrus terrestris LC
Woodhouse's toad Anaxyrus woodhousii LC
Colorado River toad Incilius alvarius LC
Coastal plains toad Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
Cane toad Rhinella marina LC

Family: Hylidae

Subfamily: Hylinae
Tree frogs
Pine Barrens tree frog Hyla andersonii NT
Canyon tree frog Hyla arenicolor LC
Bird-voiced tree frog Hyla avivoca LC
Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis LC
American green tree frog Hyla cinerea LC
Pine woods tree frog Hyla femoralis LC
Barking tree frog Hyla gratiosa LC
Squirrel tree frog Hyla squirella LC
Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor LC
Arizona tree frog Hyla wrightorum LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)
Chorus frogs
Mountain chorus frog Pseudacris brachyphona LC
Brimley's chorus frog Pseudacris brimleyi LC
California tree frog Pseudacris cadaverina LC (formerly Hyla cadaverina)
Spotted chorus frog Pseudacris clarkii LC
Spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer LC
Western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata LC
Southeastern chorus frog Pseudacris feriarum LC (formerly in Pseudacris triseriata)
Cajun chorus frog Pseudacris fouquettei LC (formerly in Pseudacris feriarum)
New Jersey chorus frog Pseudacris kalmi LC (formerly in Pseudacris triseriata)
Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla LC
Baja California tree frog Pseudacris hypochondriaca (formerly in Pseudacris regilla)
Sierran tree frog Pseudacris sierra (formerly in Pseudacris regilla)
Illinois chorus frog Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
Boreal chorus frog Pseudacris maculata LC
Southern chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita LC
Little grass frog Pseudacris ocularis LC
Ornate chorus frog Pseudacris ornata LC
Strecker's chorus frog Pseudacris streckeri LC
Cricket frogs
Northern cricket frog Acris crepitans LC
Blanchard's cricket frog Acris (crepitans) blanchardi
Southern cricket frog Acris gryllus LC
Other tree frogs
Cuban tree frog Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC
Mexican tree frog Smilisca baudinii LC
Lowland burrowing tree frog Smilisca fodiens LC

Family: Ranidae

Typical frogs
Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora LC
California red-legged frog Rana draytonii VU Template:ESA status (formerly in Rana aurora)
Foothill yellow-legged frog Rana boylii NT
Cascades frog Rana cascadae NT
Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris LC
Southern mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa EN Template:ESA status
Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog Rana sierrae EN (formerly in Rana muscosa)
Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa VU
Water frogs
American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus LC
Gopher frog Lithobates capito NT
Crawfish frog Lithobates areolatus NT
Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog Lithobates sevosus CR Template:ESA status
Rio Grande leopard frog Lithobates berlandieri LC
Plains leopard frog Lithobates blairi LC
Chiricahua leopard frog Lithobates chiricahuensis VU Template:ESA status
Ramsey Canyon leopard frog Lithobates subaquavocalis CR,[6] (species not recognized by SSAR[1][2])
Green frog Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC
Vegas Valley leopard frog †Lithobates fisheri EX
Pig frog Lithobates grylio LC
River frog Lithobates heckscheri LC
Florida bog frog Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU
Relict leopard frog Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN
Pickerel frog Lithobates palustris LC
Northern leopard frog Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC
Mink frog Lithobates septentrionalis LC
Southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus LC
Wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus LC
Tarahumara frog Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU
Carpenter frog Lithobates virgatipes LC
Lowland leopard frog Lithobates yavapaiensis LC
Japanese wrinkled frog Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)

Family: Craugastoridae

Barking frog Craugastor augusti LC

Family: Eleutherodactylidae

Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae
Coqui Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)
Rio Grande chirping frog Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC
Spotted chirping frog Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC
Cliff chirping frog Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC
Greenhouse frog Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC

Family: Leptodactylidae

Subfamily: Leptodactylinae
Mexican white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis LC

Family: Microhylidae

Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
Sheep frog Hypopachus variolosus LC
Subfamily: Microhylinae
North American narrow-mouthed frogs
Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne carolinensis LC
Western narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne olivacea LC

Family: Dendrobatidae

Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
Green-and-black poison dart frog Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)

See also

References

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Further reading

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External links


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