Mezhrabpomfilm
Mezhrabpomfilm (Russian: Межрабпомфильм), from the word film, and the Russian acronym for Workers International Relief or Workers International Aid (Russian: Международная рабочая помощь[citation needed]), was a German-Russian film studio, formerly Mezhrabpom-Rus, from 1922-1936. The studio was formed from the joining together in 1922 of Moisei Aleinikov, a Russian producer, and Willi Münzenberg, a German communist. The studio was set up in Moscow, with headquarters in Berlin. After producing around 600 films the "international experiment was brutally ended eleven and fourteen years later by Hitler's and Stalin's regimes."[1]
Classics of revolutionary cinema, such as Vsevolod Pudovkin's The End of St. Petersburg (Konez Sankt Peterburga (1927)) were made by Mezhrabpom-Film. Other significant films made by the studio include Storm over Asia (1928), Boris Barnet's The Girl with the Hat (Devushka s korobkoy (1927), Yakov Protazanov's Aelita (1924), Margarita Barskaya's Torn Shoes (Rvanye Bashmaki 1933), a drama about children set in Germany when the Nazis assumed power, and Aleksandr Andriyevsky's early science-fiction film Lost Sensation (Gibel Senstsii 1935). The Soviet Union's first animated films, and first sound film, Nikolai Ekk's Road to Life (1931) were made by the studio.
One of Mezhrabpomfilm's last films was Gustav von Wangenheim's Fighters (1936), about German workers fighting the Nazi Brownshirts and the SS in 1933. It was made by German filmmakers and actors who had fled to Moscow to avoid Hitler's terror. Ironically, many of them were later executed during Stalin's terror years.[citation needed]
In 1936, the company was dissolved, as it was regarded too independent and too influenced by foreigners. The facilities were taken over by Soyuzdetfilm (Russian: Союздетфильм), the world's first film company devoted to films for children and teenagers, which in 1948 was renamed Gorky Film Studio.[citation needed]
Its German branch Prometheus, produced some of the "socially committed cinematic art of the late Weimar Republic [Red Dream Factory productions] such as Phil Jutzi's work, Leo Mittler's Harbor Drift (Jenseits der Strasse 1929), Slatan Dudow's Whither Germany (Kuhle Wampe oder Wem gehört die Welt? 1932)[2] berlinale pressrelease], as well as two joint productions with Mezhrabpomfilm, before going bankrupt in 1932.[citation needed]
Berlin's Bertz + Fischer published a book for a Retrospective - a programme of films which were presented at the 2012 Berlin Film Festival - in which German and Russian authors look at the studio and the aesthetics of the films produced there (Günter Agde, Alexander Schwarz (ed.): Die rote Traumfabrik: Meschrabpom-Film und Prometheus (1921–1936). Berlin: Bertz + Fischer 2012).
