Automotive night vision

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Audi A8 Night Vision Assistant

An automotive night vision system uses a thermographic camera to increase a driver's perception and seeing distance in darkness or poor weather beyond the reach of the vehicle's headlights. Such systems are offered as optional equipment on certain premium vehicles. The first introduction was in 2000 on Cadillac Deville.[1]

Display type

There are two types of systems, either passive or active systems, both have advantages and disadvantages when compared to the other.[2][3][4]

Active systems

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See also: Thermography § Passive vs. active thermography

Active systems use an infrared light source built into the car to illuminate the road ahead with light that is invisible to humans. There are two kinds of active systems: gated and non-gated. The gated system uses a pulsed light source and a synchronized camera that enable long ranges (250m) and high performance in rain and snow.

  • Pros: higher resolution image, superior picture of inanimate objects, works better in warmer conditions, smaller sensor can be mounted to rearview mirror.
  • Cons: does not work as well in fog or rain, lower contrast for animals, shorter range of 150–200 meters or 500–650 feet

Mercedes-Benz

Night View Assist infrared projector visible next to Bi-Xenon HID main headlight, Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221)

Night View Assist prototype was shown in 2003 on the Mercedes-Benz F500 concept.

Series production Night View Assist system introduced in 2005 on the redesigned Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221). It was the first system to use the instrument cluster's LCD as a display.[5]

2009: Night View Assist Plus added a pedestrian detection function calling the revised system on the redesigned Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212) and refreshed S-class,[6] however, the E-class uses the navigation screen's display.

2011: Night View Assist Plus with Spotlight Function premiere: the Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216) became the first series production car with night vision-guided pedestrian spotlighting (HID version)[7] can flash at any pedestrians it detects in order to warn both the driver and the pedestrians. The flashing light is directed in such a way that vehicles in front and oncoming traffic are not dazzled.[8]

2013: Night View Assist Plus with animal detection on the W222 S-Class.[9]

Toyota

Night View system on the 2003 Lexus LX 470

In 2002 Toyota Night View was the first worldwide series production active automotive night vision system, introduced on the Toyota Landcruiser Cygnus or Lexus LX470. This system uses the headlight projectors emitting near infrared light aimed like the car's highbeam headlights and a CCD camera then captures that reflected radiation, this signal is then processed by computer which produces a black-and-white image which is projected on the lower section of the windshield.[10][11]

In February 2008 the Toyota Crown Hybrid added a feature which highlights pedestrians[12] and presents them in a box on an LCD display in front of the driver.[13] This was the first pedestrian detection feature for an active system.[14]

In 2009 Lexus Night View in Japan, on LS.

In 2012 Lexus introduced Night View worldwide, on LS[15] and GS. The Night View system combines a windshield mounted near infra-red camera and near infra-red projectors within the headlamps with a Night View ECU to display an image of the road ahead on center console display screen. Moving the image from the driver’s instrument display to the center console offers drivers a larger display and an easier viewing angle. With the camera constantly in operation and the near infra-red projectors activating at speeds over 10 MPH to enhance system efficiency, night view will display an area up to 65 feet in front of the vehicle.[15][16] Discontinued for 2014 in US.[17]

Passive systems

Passive infrared systems do not use an infrared light source, instead they capture thermal radiation already emitted by the objects, using a thermographic camera.

  • Pros: greater range of about 300 meters or 1,000 feet, higher contrast for living objects[2]
  • Cons: grainy, lower resolution image, works poorly in warmer weather conditions, larger sensor

Audi

Night Vision Assistant infrared camera visible on Audi A8 grill, right circle

Night Vision Assistant was introduced in 2010 on the Audi A8. It uses a thermal imaging camera behind the four rings at the front of the car which can "see" 300 meters (984 ft) ahead. The display in the instrument cluster highlights humans with yellow markings. More importantly, the computer can determine if the person on the road moves in a way that could lead to a collision with the car. In that case the pedestrian is being marked in red color and the driver of the car receives an audible warning.[18]

2013 update added animal detection.[19] and Pedestrian Marker Lights: As soon as a pedestrian is detected by the Night Vision Assistant in a critical range in front of the vehicle, individual Matrix LEDs flash briefly 3 times in succession to alert that person, who is then clearly visible to the driver.[20]

BMW

BMW Night Vision introduced in 2005 on the BMW 7 Series (E65). This system processes far infrared radiation, which minimizes non-essential information placing a greater emphasis on pedestrians and animals, allows for a range of 300 meters or nearly 1,000 feet, and avoids "dazzle" from headlights, road lights and similar intense light sources.[21]

2008 update added pedestrian detection system on the redesigned BMW 7 Series (F01), which flashes a caution symbol on the navigation/information screen and automotive head-up display when it detects pedestrians.[22]

2013 update added Dynamic Light Spot.

2013 update added animal detection. The system provides a real-time video image that also depicts on the Control Display persons, animals and other objects emitting heat when they are outside of the light beam and warns in the event of an impending collision. The Dynamic Light Spot is produced by a special headlight that directs the light beam onto the recognised persons or animals respectively, thus drawing the driver’s attention to possible hazards in good time. As soon as the remote infrared detects pedestrians or larger animals on course for collision in the dark, the system directs two separately controlled Dynamic Light Spots at them without creating an unpleasant glare. In the event of an acute risk, an acoustic warning signal is also sounded and the brakes are set to maximum standby. For the model year 2014, BMW 5-series will also have these new features.

Cadillac

First worldwide series production automotive night vision on 2000 Cadillac Deville: Night Vision, however it was discontinued in 2004.[23] This system was developed with Raytheon and worked by using an passive infrared sensor camera mounted behind the vehicle's grille. Infrared radiation is picked up by the sensor, processed by computer and then displayed on the windshield using a head-up display. Information is displayed as a black-and-white image with warmer objects in white, while cooler objects appear black.[24][25][26] Because this system outputs a standard NTSC composite video signal and the used parts are somewhat easy and inexpensive to find, it has become a popular choice for fitting thermal night vision to other vehicles.[27]

Cadillac CT6 features Enhanced Night Vision.[28]

Honda

In 2004: Honda introduced first worldwide system with pedestrian detection on redesigned Honda Legend: Intelligent Night Vision. It detected far infrared radiation. The pedestrian detection feature alerted the driver with an audio warning and visually enclosed the pedestrian in a box on the display which was presented via head-up display.[29][30] The night vision system uses a separate heads up type display projected on the center bottom of the windshield. The infrared cameras do not require a light source, and the software is able to detect human like figures, surround the image with a red box and give audible caution tones.

Automobiles

Active

Passive

1 includes pedestrian and animal detection

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://ask.cars.com/2008/09/what-are-led-ta.html |title=What are LED taillights?
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1685654-1-815115-1-0-0-0-0-1-0-1549054-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html?TS=1419958720004 Be ahead: the new Mercedes-Benz S-Class - Superlative in design and technology
  6. ↑ http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1198131-1-1205235-1-0-0-1205704-0-1-0-1549054-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html?TS=1419958869248 The 2009 Mercedes-Benz S-Class: Pacemaker in automotive development
  7. ↑ http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-658892-1-1354042-1-0-0-0-0-0-12639-0-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html New spotlight function for Active Night View Assist Plus: Enhanced safety for pedestrians
  8. ↑ http://techcenter.mercedes-benz.com/en/night_view_plus_with_spotlight/detail.html Night View Assist Plus:
  9. ↑ http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1549267-1-1597008-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class - The aspiration: the best automobile in the world
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://www.toyota.com/esq/pdf/The%202013%20LS%20Advanced%20Active%20Safety%20%282%290.pdf 2013 Lexus LS Advanced Active Safety Features
  16. ↑ http://blog.lexus.co.uk/2012/10/new-lexus-ls-world-first-technology-as-standard/ NEW LEXUS LS: WORLD-FIRST TECHNOLOGY AS STANDARD
  17. ↑ http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2013/09/lexus-drops-night-vision-tech.html Lexus Drops Night Vision Tech
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2013/08/21/audi_a8.html Composure redefined – the Audi A8
  20. ↑ http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/vorsprung_durch_technik/content/2013/10/audi-a8-in-a-new-radiant-light.html Audi Matrix LED
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2014/12/12/the_new_audi_q7__.html The new Audi Q7 – Sportiness, efficiency, premium comfort
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