Market (place)

Farmers' market in Lhasa, Tibet

The Old Market building in Bratislava, Slovakia

A market, is actual and potential customers of goods and services and marketplace, is regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. A place where buying and selling occurs.^[1] In different parts of the world they may be referred to as a souk (from the Arabic), bazaar (from the Persian), a fixed mercado (Spanish) or itinerant tianguis (Mexico), or palengke (Philippines). Some markets operate on most days; others may be held weekly, or on less frequent specified days.

History

Markets existed in ancient times — in ancient Greece, the agora, and in ancient Rome, the forum.

The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is often cited as the world's oldest still-operating market; its construction began in 1455. In the 15th century the Mexica (Aztec) market of Tlatelolco was the largest in all the Americas.^[2]

Types of markets

Markets may be retail or wholesale markets.

Major physical formats of markets are:

Indoor market of any sort
Marketplace, an open space where a market is or was formerly held in a town^[3]
Market square, in Europe, with stalls selling goods in a public square
Public market, in the United States, an indoor, fixed market in a building and selling a variety of goods
Street market, with stalls along one or more public streets

Floating markets, where goods are sold from boats, chiefly found in Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam
Night markets, popular in many countries in Asia, opening at night and featuring much street food and a more leisurely shopping experience. In Malaysia they are known as pasar malam.
Wet markets, in Greater China, where traditionally live animals were sold; in Malaysia, pasar pagi is a type of wet market

Markets may feature a range of merchandise for sale, or they may be one of many specialist markets, such as:

Animal markets
Antique markets
Farmers' markets, focusing on fresh food
Fish markets
Flea markets or swap meets, a type of bazaar that rents space to people who want to sell or barter merchandise. Used goods, low quality items, and high quality items at low prices are commonplace
Flower markets, such as the Mercado Jamaica in Mexico City and the Bloemenmarkt in Amsterdam
Food halls, featuring gourmet food to consume on- and off-premises,^[4] such as those at Harrods (London) and Galeries Lafayette (Paris) department stores. In the United States, these may be also referred to simply as "markets", such as the West Side Market in Cleveland or Ponce City Market in Atlanta.^[4]
Handicraft markets
Markets selling items used in the occult (for magic, by witches, etc.)

Tianguis: Model of Aztec tianguis (marketplace) at Mexico City's National Museum of Anthropology
Bazaar: Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Turkey
Marketplace: Main Market Square, Kraków, Poland: Europe's largest medieval town square
Floating market: Damnoen Saduak Floating Market in Ratchaburi, Thailand, is a famous tourist attraction.
Night market: Shilin Night Market, Taiwan
Wet market in Hong Kong
Flea market in Germany
Wet market in Singapore

Around the world

Street markets such as this one in Rue Mouffetard, Paris are common in France. Resellers and farmers sell fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, and other produce.

La Boqueria market in Barcelona, Catalonia, currently Spain

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Africa

Kumasi Market in Ghana

Ghana

South and East Asia

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Hong Kong

See: markets in Hong Kong

Street markets in Hong Kong are held all the days except few traditional Chinese holidays like Chinese New Year. Stalls opened at two sides of a street were required to have licenses issued by the Hong Kong Government. In Hong Kong there are street markets of various kinds such as fresh foods, clothing, cooked foods, flowers, and even electronics. The earliest form of markets is known as Gaa si. Some of them are gradually being replaced by shopping centres, markets in municipal service buildings, and supermarkets, while some became tourist attractions like Tung Choi Street and Apliu Street. There are many markets in India many are small,many are big and some are malls.Where is a mall in the city there is only people and people small markets have low prices and in malls there are very high prices for only small things.There are many people that shop only online,just the sit in their house and the product is delivered to you.So you can prefer small markets in India for lower prices.

India

In India (and also Bangladesh and Pakistan), a Landa bazaar is a type of a bazaar or a marketplace with lowest prices where only secondhand general goods are exchanged or sold.

Mumbai

Malaysia

Philippines

Palengke in the Philippines

South Korea

Thailand

Bangkok

Australia

Sydney

Europe

Greece

Street markets in Greece are called laikes agores (λαϊκές αγορές) in plural, or λαϊκή αγορά (laiki agora) in singular, meaning "people's market". They are very common all over Greece, including the capital, Athens, and its suburbs. Regular (weekly) morning markets sell mostly fresh produce from farming cooperatives - fruit, vegetables, fish and flowers/plants. Some household items and prepared foods are often available.

Annual street markets (panigyri(a)) occur around churches on the day of their patron saint. These take place in the evenings and have a more festive character, often involving attractions and food stalls. The goods sold range from clothing and accessories to household items, furniture, toys and trinkets. Athens also has several bazaars/enclosed markets.

Spain

La Boqueria, Barcelona
Mercat or Mercado Central, a public market in Valencia

United Kingdom

Britain's market traders

As the first real form of retailing, not a great deal has actually changed. Many people have tried their hand at market trading and some have made vast fortunes. Marks and Spencer, Tesco, and New Look all started from a barrow or stall. The life is tough and the hours can be very long but there are certain families who have been involved with the industry, for many generations and usually linked to the same trade or line.

Until relatively recent times things sold in an open market were subject to a special legal privilege: goods bought in any of many designated markets of long standing during daylight belonged to the buyer even if they had been stolen. (Normally stolen goods continue to belong to the original owner.) This derives from the days when people travelled little; someone whose goods had been stolen was expected to make the effort of seeking his goods at his local market on market day. This loophole was only abolished in 1995; it had been much abused, in particular for selling stolen artworks. A very valuable painting by Thomas Gainsborough stolen 1n 1990 was sold at London's Bermondsey Market, notorious for selling stolen goods; the purchaser was accepted as the legal owner.^[5]

Licensing

Traders can be licensed to trade on a single pitch but not at a national level or when trading on private land. This has led to declining confidence in the reputation of markets. A voluntary scheme has been set up by The Market People, backed by the National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA) to address this. It provides consumers with traceability of traders and goods as well as the ability to rate and contact the traders. A MarketPASS is issued to an operator or Trader once they have provided proof of identity, insurance and, where required, a hygiene certificate.

England's chartered markets and fairs

Many of the older historic markets carry a "charter" which gives that particular market certain rights and protection. For example, another market can't be held on the same day within a certain distance of a "chartered market". These were awarded by kings to markets and fairs all over England, and to this day are guarded by market traders and showmen.

London

See: markets in London

Some examples of street markets include Berwick Street Market, Broadway Market, Camden Market, East Street Market, Petticoat Lane and Portobello Road Market. The most popular for food is Borough Market which sell most fresh produce as well as having a bakery.

Former Yugoslavia

In Serbo-Croatian, a farmer's market is formally known as tržnica, and colloquially as pijaca, plac or pazar depending on region and dialect. The markets in large cities are open daily, including Sunday, from around 5 or 6 AM to mid-afternoon. Well-known examples are Dolac in Zagreb and Kalenić in Belgrade. In smaller towns there is often a market that opens once a week, on a specific day known as pazarni dan.

France

Wholesale fashion marketplace in France, principal locations: Paris 75011 and Aubervilliers 93001. 99% of owner are Chinese of around 2000 wholesale company. Product sell in this marketplace: clothing, shoes, accessories, jewelry. Import product from China, Vietnam, Turkey, Bangladesh, India. Export product to all countries of Europe.

Latin America

Brazil

Mercado Municipal in São Paulo, Brazil

Mercado Municipal - São Paulo, São Paulo
Liberdade street market - São Paulo, São Paulo
Mercado Público - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
Mercado Municipal - Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
Mercado Modelo - Salvador, Bahia

Uruguay

Mercado Modelo, a central fruit and vegetable wholesale market in Montevideo

Middle East

Israel

The Hebrew word for market is shuk (plural: shvakim), and food markets are found in every major city. Famous markets include the Carmel Market in Tel Aviv and Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem.

Turkey

Street markets are called pazar in Turkish and usually named after the name of the day since they are only installed at around 05:00 on that specific day and ended on same day around 18:00, in every week. Every district in Turkey has its own open market where people can choose and buy from a very wide range of products, from fresh fruits and vegetables to clothing, from traditional white cheese (which some people may consider feta-like) to household items. In Istanbul area Wednesday Pazar of Fatih district, Tuesday Pazar of Kadıköy and Friday Pazar of Ortaköy are the most famous and crowded open markets of the city.

A market with shops or permanent stalls is called "çarşı" and may include covered streets that are closed at night. Famous examples include the Kapalıçarşı (Grand Bazaar) and Spice Bazaar in Istanbul.

United States and Canada

Canada

Public market at place Jacques-Cartier in Montreal, Quebec in 1940

ByWard Market – Ottawa, Ontario
The Forks Market – Winnipeg, Manitoba
Granville Island – Vancouver, British Columbia
Kensington Market – Toronto, Ontario
Lonsdale Quay – North Vancouver, British Columbia
St. Lawrence Market – Toronto, Ontario
Westminster Quay – New Westminster, British Columbia
Main Street Markham Farmers’ Market (Seasonal) - Markham, Ontario
Kitchener Farmer's Market - Kitchener, Ontario
St. Jacobs Farmers' Market - St. Jacobs, Ontario

Historic markets that have been converted to other uses include:

St. Patrick's Market, Toronto - retail building
St. Andrew's Market, Toronto - demolished 1937 and site of water works and park

Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue

Corridor of fruit and vegetable sellers at the West Side Market in Cleveland, Ohio

Postcard showing city market in Grand Rapids, Michigan, about 1910.

Public markets in the United States

In the United States, the term public market is often used for a place where vendors or merchants meet at the same location on a regular basis. A public market has a sponsoring entity that has legal and financial responsibility to oversee operations and, sometimes, provides facilities to house the market activity. Public markets may incorporate the traditional market activity – the sale of fresh food from open stalls – and may also offer a wide range of different products. Public markets may incorporate elements of specialized markets such as farmers markets, craft markets, and antique markets. Traditionally public markets in the US were owned and operated by city governments, but this is no longer the case.^[6]

According to the Ford Foundation, what distinguishes public markets from other types of related retail activity are three characteristics. Public markets:^[6]

have public goals, a defined civic purpose. Typically, these goals include: attracting shoppers to a central business district, providing affordable retailing opportunities to small businesses, preserving farming in the region, and activating or repurposing public space
are located in and/or create a public space in the community, where a wide range of people mix, and are, or aim to be, a heart of the community
are made up of locally owned, independent businesses operated by their owners, not franchises. This gives public markets a local flavor and unique experience.

List of public markets in the United States

Alemany Farmers' Market^[7] – San Francisco, California
Boston Public Market – Boston, Massachusetts
Broad Street Market – Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Brooklyn Flea – Brooklyn, New York
Chattanooga Market (2001–present) – Chattanooga, Tennessee
City Market (Charleston, South Carolina)
City Market (Petersburg, Virginia) – Petersburg, Virginia. Built in 1878–79 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Crescent City Farmers Market – New Orleans, Louisiana
Cross Street Market – Baltimore, Maryland
Dallas Farmers Market – Dallas, Texas
Eastern Market – Detroit, Michigan
Eastern Market – Washington, D.C.
Ferry Plaza Farmers Market & Ferry Building Marketplace – San Francisco, California
Findlay Market – Cincinnati, Ohio
French Market – New Orleans, Louisiana
Grand Central Market – Los Angeles, California
Grand Central Market – New York, New York
Haymarket Square – Boston, Massachusetts
Hollins Market – Baltimore, Maryland
Italian Market, Philadelphia – Philadelphia, PA
James Beard Public Market (future) – Portland, Oregon
La Marqueta – New York, New York
Lancaster Central Market – Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lexington Market (1872–present) – Baltimore, Maryland
Los Angeles Farmers Market – Los Angeles, California
Maxwell Street Market – Chicago, Illinois
Midtown Global Market – Minneapolis, Minnesota
Milwaukee Public Market (2005–present) – Milwaukee, Wisconsin
North Market – Columbus, Ohio
Olvera Street – Los Angeles, California
Pike Place Market (1907–present) – Seattle, Washington
Ponce City Market – Atlanta, Georgia
Portland Public Market (1933–1942) – Portland, Oregon
Portland Saturday Market (1974–present) – Portland, Oregon
Reading Terminal Market (1893–present) – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PNC Second Street Market – Dayton, Ohio
Soulard Market – St. Louis, Missouri
Sweet Auburn Curb Market (1918–present) – Atlanta, Georgia
Union Market – Washington, D.C.
Union Square Greenmarket – New York, New York
West Side Market – Cleveland, Ohio
Yellow Green Farmers Market (2010–present) — Hollywood, Florida

References

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↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marketplace
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "The 5 Best Food Halls in America", Bon Appétit magazine
↑ Shepherd & Dog: Lincoln’s Inn – 6 May 2011
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↑ City and County of San Francisco : Alemany Farmers' Market

The Wholesale Marketplace In The USA. Enewwholesale.com

External links

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[3] ttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marketplace

[ba-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "The 5 Best Food Halls in America", Bon Appétit magazine

[5] Shepherd & Dog: Lincoln’s Inn – 6 May 2011

[ford-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[7] City and County of San Francisco : Alemany Farmers' Market

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