Anne, Princess Royal

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For the daughter of George II, see Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange.

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"Princess Anne" redirects here. For other princesses called Anne, and other meanings of this name, see Princess Anne (disambiguation).

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"The Princess Royal" redirects here. For other people known as Princess Royal, see Princess Royal.
Princess Anne
Princess Royal (more)
Princess Anne October 2015.jpg
The Princess Royal at Chatham House, October 2015
Born (1950-08-15) 15 August 1950 (age 74)
Clarence House, London
Spouse Mark Phillips
(m. 1973; div. 1992)
Sir Timothy Laurence
(m. 1992)
Issue Peter Phillips
Zara Tindall
Full name
Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise[note 1]
House Windsor
Father Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Mother Elizabeth II
Religion Church of England

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Anne, Princess Royal, KG, KT, GCVO, GCStJ, QSO, GCL, CD, , , , , , , , , , , , , [1][2] (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950) is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of her birth, she was third in the line of succession, behind her mother and elder brother Charles. She rose to second after her mother's accession, but after the birth of two younger brothers, six nieces and nephews, one grand-nephew, and one grand-niece, she is currently 12th in line.

The seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, Anne is known for her charitable work, being the patron of over 200 organisations, and she carries out about 500 royal engagements and public appearances per year. She is also known for equestrian talents; she won two silver medals (1975) and one gold medal (1971) at the European Eventing Championships,[3] and is the first member of the British Royal Family to have competed in the Olympic Games. She is married to Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence, has two children from her previous marriage to Captain Mark Phillips, and has three granddaughters.

Early life and education

File:Elizabeth, Philip, Charles and Anne.jpg
Princess Anne with her parents and elder brother in October 1957

Anne was born at Clarence House on 15 August 1950 at 11:50 am,[4] as the second child and only daughter of then Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 21 October 1950, by then Archbishop of York, Cyril Garbett, the Princess's godparents were: the Queen—later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (her maternal grandmother); the Hereditary Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (her paternal aunt); Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (her paternal grandmother); Earl Mountbatten of Burma (her paternal great-uncle); and Rev the Hon Andrew Elphinstone (her first cousin once removed).[5][6]

By letters patent of Anne's great-grandfather, George V, the titles of a British prince or princess, and the style Royal Highness, were only to be conferred on children and male-line grandchildren of the sovereign, as well as the eldest son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales. However, on 22 October 1948, her grandfather issued new letters patent granting these honours to any children of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip; otherwise, Anne would have been titled by courtesy as Lady Anne Mountbatten at birth. In this way, the children of the heir presumptive had a royal and princely status.

As with royal children before her, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to look after the Princess and was responsible for her early education at Buckingham Palace;[7] Peebles had also served as governess for Anne's older brother, Charles. After the death of George VI and the ascension to the throne of Anne's mother, Anne became titled Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne. However, given her young age at the time, she did not attend her mother's coronation.

File:1970s royal visit to the USA.jpg
Anne and Charles at the White House with Tricia Nixon and Julie & David Eisenhower in June 1970

A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company including the Holy Trinity Brompton Brownie pack, was reformed in May 1959, specifically so that, like her mother, Anne could socialise with girls her own age. The Company was active until 1963, when Anne went to boarding school.[8] Anne remained under private tutelage until she was enrolled at Benenden School in 1963, leaving five years later with six GCE O-Levels and two A-Levels.[7] Anne's first boyfriend was Andrew Parker Bowles, who would later become the first husband of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.[9]

Princess Anne served as a bridesmaid on several occasions. She was a bridesmaid at the 1961 wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Kent.[10]

First marriage

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Further information: Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Philips and Wedding dress of Princess Anne

On Wednesday, 14 November 1973 (the twenty-fifth birthday of her brother, Prince Charles), Princess Anne married Mark Phillips, a lieutenant in the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards, at Westminster Abbey in a ceremony that was televised around the world, with an estimated audience of 100 million.[11] Following the wedding, Anne and her husband lived at Gatcombe Park. He was made acting captain by the start of 1974 when he was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II. By 1989, however, the Princess Royal and Mark Phillips announced their intention to separate, as the marriage had been under strain for a number of years. The couple divorced on 23 April 1992.[12]

The Queen had offered Phillips an earldom on his wedding day, as was customary for untitled men marrying into the Royal Family. However, Phillips did not accept the offer. The couple had two children, Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips, and so, unusual for the grandchildren of a monarch, they have no title. (However, they are not the only children of a British Princess to carry no title: the children of Princess Alexandra, the Queen's cousin, are also untitled.)

The Princess Royal became a grandmother on 29 December 2010 when her son's wife, Autumn, gave birth to a daughter, Savannah. On 29 March 2012, another daughter, Isla, was born to the couple. Anne's third granddaughter, Mia Grace, was born on 17 January 2014 to Zara and her husband Mike Tindall.

Kidnapping attempt

Princess Anne in a visit to Washington, Tyne and Wear, 1974

As Princess Anne and Mark Phillips were returning to Buckingham Palace on 20 March 1974, from a charity event on Pall Mall, their Princess IV car was forced to stop on the Mall by a Ford Escort.[13] The driver of the Escort, Ian Ball, jumped out and began firing a pistol. Inspector James Beaton, the Princess's personal police officer, responded by getting out of the car in order to shield the Princess and to attempt to disarm Ball. Beaton's firearm, a Walther PPK, jammed, and he was shot by the assailant, as was Anne's chauffeur, Alex Callender, when he tried to disarm Ball.[14] Brian McConnell, a nearby tabloid journalist, also intervened, and was shot in the chest.[15] Ball approached the Princess's car and told her of his kidnapping plan, which was to hold the Princess for ransom, the sum given by varying sources as £2 million[16] or £3 million, which he intended to give to the National Health Service.[13] Ball then directed Anne to get out of the car, to which she replied: "Not bloody likely!", and briefly considered hitting Ball.[17] Eventually, she exited out of the other side of the limousine and another passing pedestrian, Ron Russell, punched Ball in the back of the head and then led Anne away from the scene. At that point, Police Constable Michael Hills happened upon the situation; he too was shot by Ball, but not before he called for police backup. Detective Constable Peter Edmonds, who had been nearby, answered and gave chase, finally arresting Ball.[14]

All of the victims were hospitalised, and recovered from their wounds quickly. For his defence of Princess Anne, Beaton was awarded the George Cross, Hills and Russell were awarded the George Medal, and Callender, McConnell and Edmonds were awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal.[13][18] Ball pleaded guilty to attempted murder and kidnapping, and was detained under the Mental Health Act.

The incident was the closest in modern times that any individual has come to kidnapping a member of the Royal Family, and prompted higher security levels for the Royals. It also served as the focus of the 2006 Granada Television produced docu-drama, To Kidnap a Princess, and inspired story lines in the Tom Clancy novel Patriot Games and the Antonia Fraser novel Your Royal Hostage.

Second marriage

Anne married Timothy Laurence, then a commander in the Royal Navy, at Crathie Kirk, near Balmoral Castle, on 12 December 1992. The couple chose to marry in Scotland as the Church of England did not routinely allow divorced persons whose former spouses are still living to remarry in its churches, while the Church of Scotland did under certain circumstances.[19] In participating in this ceremony, Anne became the first royal divorcée to remarry since Victoria, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, granddaughter of Queen Victoria, married Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia in 1905. Like Phillips before him, Laurence received no peerage, and the couple leased a flat in Dolphin Square, London. They later gave up this city home and now reside between an apartment at St James's Palace and Gatcombe Park. Anne has no children by Laurence.

Court sanctions and criminal record

The Princess Royal faced court charges in March 2001, when she pleaded guilty to driving at 93 mph (150 km/h) on a dual carriageway, while on her way to Hartpury College in Gloucestershire. She was fined £400 by Cheltenham Magistrate's Court, and was penalised by five points added to her driving licence.[20]

The following year she became the first senior member of the royal family to have a criminal record, after she was convicted of an offence under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991. She pleaded guilty to the charge that her dog, Dotty, attacked two children while she and Laurence were walking the dog in Windsor Great Park. The Princess was fined £500 by Berkshire Magistrates' Court and ordered to give Dotty more training.[21]

Equestrianism

Medal record
Representing  United Kingdom
Equestrian
European Championships
Gold medal – first place 1971 Burghley Individual eventing
Silver medal – second place 1975 Luhmuhlen Team eventing
Silver medal – second place 1975 Luhmuhlen Individual eventing

Anne has always shown a keen interest in horses and equine pursuits. At the age of 21, Anne won the individual title at the European Eventing Championship, and was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 1971. For more than five years she also competed with the British eventing team, winning a silver medal in both individual and team disciplines in the 1975 European Eventing Championship, riding the home-bred Doublet. The following year Anne participated in the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal as a member of the British team, riding the Queen's horse, Goodwill. Princess Anne assumed the Presidency of the Fédération Équestre Internationale from 1986 until 1994.[22] On 5 February 1987, she became the first Royal to appear as a contestant on a television quiz-show when she competed on the BBC panel game A Question of Sport. Her daughter, Zara Phillips is also a keen equestrian competitor. Together with her horse, Toytown, she won individual and team gold medals at the 2005 European Eventing Championship as well as individual gold and team silver medals at the 2006 FEI World Equestrian Games.

Official duties

File:Vladimir Putin with Princess Anne-1.jpg
The Princess Royal with Vladimir Putin in 2000
File:Dean Bradford and Princess Anne.jpg
The Princess Royal visits USNS Comfort on 11 July 2002, while the vessel docked at Southampton, UK

As Princess Royal, Anne undertakes a number of official duties on behalf of her mother, in support of the Queen's role as sovereign of the Commonwealth realms. Kevin S. MacLeod, the Canadian Secretary to the Queen, said of Anne in 2014: "Her credo is, 'Keep me busy. I'm here to work. I'm here to do good things. I'm here to meet as many people as possible'."[23]

Anne began to undertake official royal duties overseas upon leaving secondary school,[7] and accompanied her parents on a state visit to Austria in the same year.[24] She will sometimes stand in for the Queen at the funerals of foreign dignitaries (which the Queen customarily does not attend), and resides at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh each summer, hosting engagements there. The Princess also travels abroad on behalf of the United Kingdom up to three times a year; she was the first member of the Royal Family to make an official visit to the Soviet Union when she went there as a guest of the government in 1990.[24] The Princess's first tour of Australia was with her parents in 1970, since which she has returned on numerous occasions to undertake official engagements as a colonel-in-chief of an Australian regiment, or to attend memorials and services, such as the National Memorial Service for victims of the Black Saturday bushfires in Melbourne, Australia, on 22 February 2009.[25]

Following the retirement of the Queen Mother in 1981, Anne was elected by graduates of the University of London as that institution's Chancellor. Throughout May 1996, the Princess served as Her Majesty's High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which granted her, for the duration of the appointment, a higher precedence in Scotland, and the alternative style of Her Grace. In 2007, the Princess Royal had the honour of being appointed by the Queen as Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, a position her grandmother had also held.

The Princess Royal carries out a full schedule of royal engagements and is involved with over 200 charities and organisations in an official capacity. She works extensively for Save the Children, of which she has been president since 1970, and she initiated The Princess Royal Trust for Carers in 1991; her work for the charity takes her all over the world, including many poverty stricken African nations. She is also the Royal Patron of WISE, an organisation that encourages young women to pursue careers in science, engineering and construction.[26] Her extensive work for St. John Ambulance as Commandant-in-Chief of St. John Ambulance Cadets has helped to develop many young people, as she annually attends the Grand Prior Award Reception. She is also a British representative in the International Olympic Committee as an administrator, and was a member of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. She was President of BAFTA from 1973 to 2001. She maintains a relationship with student sport and is the Patron of British Universities and Colleges Sport.

She is also a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences. Royal Fellows are members of the Monarchy who are recommended and elected by the Society's Council. The Royal Society has only five Royal Fellows, including The Princess Royal herself, The Duke of Edinburgh, The Prince of Wales, The Duke of Kent, and The Duke of Cambridge. She is the Academy of Medical Sciences' first Royal Fellow.

She was elected Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh in 2011, effective 31 March, succeeding her father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh who stepped down from the role in 2010.[27] Likewise she accepted in 2011 the roles of President of City and Guilds of London Institute, Master of the Corporation of Trinity House and President of the Royal Society of Arts, also in succession to her father. She is also Patron of Edinburgh University’s Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Royal Holloway, University of London, International Students House, London, Acid Survivors Trust International, Townswomen's Guilds and College of Occupational Therapy.

She represented Great Britain in the International Olympic Committee at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics in Russia.[28]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

File:Royal Monogram of Princess Anne of Great Britain.svg
Royal Monogram
  • 15 August 1950 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Edinburgh
  • 6 February 1952 – 14 November 1973: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne
  • 14 November 1973 – 13 June 1987: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne, Mrs Mark Phillips
  • 13 June 1987 – present: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal

Princess Anne's style and title in full: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise, Princess Royal, Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Extra Lady of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Dame Grand Cross and Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, Dame Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.

In 1996, Anne was entitled to be called Her Grace The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

Anne is the seventh creation of the title Princess Royal, an appellation given only to the eldest daughter of the sovereign, the last holder being George V's daughter, Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood.

Honours

See also List of honours of the British Royal Family by country

Orders
The Princess Royal processing at the Garter Service, Windsor, with her brothers, Charles, Andrew and Edward on 19 June 2006
Decorations
Medals
Foreign honours

Appointments

Fellowships
Academic
Academic degrees

Honorary military appointments

As with other senior royals, Princess Anne holds a number of honorary appointments in the armed forces of several Commonwealth realms:

Australia Australia
The Princess Royal at a parade on the 75th anniversary of the Royal Australian Corps of Signals, 5 July 2000.
Canada Canada
New Zealand New Zealand
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Arms

Arms of Anne, Princess Royal
Coat of Arms of Anne, the Princess Royal.svg
Notes
The Princess Royal's personal arms are those of the Sovereign in right of the United Kingdom with a label for difference.
Adopted
1962
Coronet
The coronet of a daughter of the Sovereign Proper.
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st and 4th, Gules three lions passant guardant Or; 2nd, Or a lion rampant Gules within a double tressure flory counterflory Gules; 3rd, Azure a harp Or stringed Argent.
Supporters
Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned proper, sinister a unicorn Argent, armed, crined and unguled Or, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lis a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or.
Orders
The Order of the Garter circlet:
HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE
(Shame be to him who thinks evil)
Other elements
The whole differenced by a label of three points Argent, first and third charged with a St George's cross the second with a heart Gules.
Banner
50px The Princess's personal standard is that of the Sovereign in right of the United Kingdom, labelled for difference as in her arms.

50px (HRH's Scots Banner)

Symbolism
As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. The first and fourth quarters are the arms of England, the second of Scotland, the third of Ireland.

Personal standard for Canada

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Main article: The Princess Royal's Personal Canadian Flag
File:Personal Flag of the Princess Royal for use in Canada.png
The Princess Royal's banner for Canada

The Princess Royal has her own royal banner for Canada, comprising the shield of the Canadian Royal Arms defaced with a blue roundel surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves, within which is a depiction of Princess Anne's cypher (an "A" surmounted by a coronet), and with a white label of three points, the centre one charged with a red heart and the other two with red crosses, taken from her coat of arms.[53][54]

Other honours

In February 2015 the Princess Royal became one of the first female honorary members of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews.[55]

Issue

Name Birth Marriage Issue
Peter Phillips 15 November 1977 17 May 2008 Autumn Kelly Savannah Phillips
Isla Phillips
Zara Phillips 15 May 1981 30 July 2011 Mike Tindall Mia Tindall

Ancestry

Family of Anne, Princess Royal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Christian IX of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. George I of Greece
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Prince Louis of Battenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Countess Julia Hauke
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Princess Alice of Battenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Anne, Princess Royal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Edward VII of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. George V of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Princess Alexandra of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. George VI of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Francis, Duke of Teck
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Princess Mary of Teck
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Frances Dora Smith
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Charles Cavendish-Bentinck
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Caroline Louisa Burnaby
 
 
 
 
 
 

Notes

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References

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External links

Anne, Princess Royal
Born: 15 August 1950
Lines of succession
Preceded by Line of succession to the British throne
12th position		 Followed by
Peter Phillips
British royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood		 Princess Royal
1987 – present		 Incumbent
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of London
1981 – present		 Incumbent
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh
2011 – present
New creation Chancellor of the University of the Highlands and Islands
2012 – present
Chancellor of Harper Adams University
2013 – present
Honorary titles
Preceded by Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order
2007 – present		 Incumbent
Preceded by BBC Sports Personality of the Year
1971		 Succeeded by
Mary Peters
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Ladies
HRH The Princess Royal		 Followed by
The Duchess of Cambridge


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  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 38995. p. 4197. 16 August 1950.
  5. ↑ thepeerage.com
  6. ↑ Yvonne's Royalty Home Page – Royal Christenings
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Wedding photograph http://www.friendsreunited.com/royalty-the-duke-of-kent-and-katharine-worsley-wedding-hovingham-hall/Memory/e2c5f897-7b70-47ca-aceb-a00b013231be
  11. ↑ 1973 Year in Review: Princess Anne's Marriage-http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1973/Princess-Anne%27s-Marriage/12305770297723-9/
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Daily Express, 21 August 2006
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  18. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 46354. pp. 8013–8014. 26 September 1974.
  19. ↑ BBC Religions - Divorce in Christianity
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ About FEI – History, FEI official site. Retrieved 21 February 2010
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ WISE Patrons
  27. ↑ New Chancellor Elected
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 45290. p. 967. 28 January 1971. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Badraie
  36. ↑ Badraie
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  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 47235. p. 7119. 11 June 1977. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Bulletin November 2003, Canadian Forces Health Services Group
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 52834. p. 2581. 14 February 1992. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  49. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 45051. p. 2551. 3 March 1970. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  50. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 47234. p. 7079. 11 June 1977. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  51. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 57032. p. 10318. 19 August 2003. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  52. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 60271. p. 17883. 18 September 2012.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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