Commedia
Commedia
Commedia
DI DANTE ALIGHIERI
La Divina Commedia
di Dante Alighieri
INFERNO
Inferno: Canto I
Inferno: Canto II
Inferno: Canto V
Inferno: Canto VI
Inferno: Canto IX
Inferno: Canto X
Inferno: Canto XI
Inferno: Canto XV
Inferno: Canto XX
La Divina Commedia
di Dante Alighieri
(e-text courtesy Progetto Manuzio)
PURGATORIO
Purgatorio: Canto I
Purgatorio: Canto II
Purgatorio: Canto IV
Purgatorio: Canto V
Purgatorio: Canto VI
Purgatorio: Canto IX
Purgatorio: Canto X
Purgatorio: Canto XV
Purgatorio: Canto XX
Ricorditi, ricorditi! E se io
sovresso Gerion ti guidai salvo,
che faro` ora presso piu` a Dio?
La Divina Commedia
di Dante Alighieri
(e-text courtesy Progetto Manuzio)
PARADISO
Paradiso: Canto I
Paradiso: Canto II
Paradiso: Canto V
fu de la volonta` la libertate;
di che le creature intelligenti,
e tutte e sole, fuoro e son dotate.
Paradiso: Canto VI
Paradiso: Canto IX
Paradiso: Canto X
Paradiso: Canto XI
Paradiso: Canto XV
Paradiso: Canto XX
In te misericordia, in te pietate,
in te magnificenza, in te s'aduna
quantunque in creatura e` di bontate.
POSTSCRIPT
'Ich habe unter meinen Papieren ein Blatt gefunden,
wo ich die Baukunst eine erstarrte Musik nenne.'
(Johann Wolfgang Goethe, 1829 March 23)
I found Dante in a bar. The Poet had indeed lost the True Way to be found
reduced to party chatter in a Capitol Hill basement, but I had found him at
last. I must have been drinking in the Dark Tavern of Error, for I did not
even realize I had begun the dolorous path followed by many since the
Poet's journey of A.D. 1300. Actually no one spoke a word about Dante or
his Divine Comedy, rather I heard a second-hand Goethe call architecture
"frozen music." Soon I took my second step through the gate to a people
lost; this time on a more respectable occasion--a lecture at the Catholic
University of America. Clio, the muse of history, must have been aiding
Prof. Schumacher that evening, because it sustained my full three-hour
attention, even after I had just presented an all-night project. There I
heard of a most astonishing Italian translation of 'la Divina Commedia' di
Dante Alighieri. An Italian architect, Giuseppi Terragni, had translated
the Comedy into the 'Danteum,' a projected stone and glass monument to Poet
and Poem near the Basilica of Maxentius in Rome.
Do not look for the Danteum in the Eternal City. In true Dantean form,
politics stood in the way of its construction in 1938. Ironically this
literature-inspired building can itself most easily be found in book form.
Reading this book I remembered Goethe's quote about frozen music. Did
Terragni try to freeze Dante's medieval miracle of song? Certainly a
cold-poem seems artistically repulsive. Unflattering comparisons to the
lake of Cocytus spring to mind too. While I cannot read Italian, I can read
some German. After locating the original quotation I discovered that
'frozen' is a problematic (though common) translation of Goethe's original
'erstarrte.' The verb 'erstarren' more properly means 'to solidify' or 'to
stiffen.' This suggests a chemical reaction in which the art does not
necessarily chill in the transformation. Nor can simple thawing yield the
original work. Like a chemical reaction it requires an artistic catalyst, a
muse. Indeed the Danteum is not a physical translation of the Poem.
Terragni thought it inappropriate to translate the Comedy literally into a
non-literary work. The Danteum would not be a stage set, rather Terragni
generated his design from the Comedy's structure, not its finishes.
Within the Danteum the Poet's meanings lurk in solid form. An example: the
Danteum design does have spaces literally associated with the Comedy--the
Dark Wood of Error, Inferno, Purgatorio, and the Paradiso--but these spaces
also relate among themselves spiritually. Dante often highlights a virtue
by first condemning its corruption. Within Dante's system Justice is the
greatest of the cardinal virtues; its corruption, Fraud, is the most
contemptible of vices. Because Dante saw the papacy as the most precious of
sacred institutions, corrupt popes figure prominently among the damned in
the Poet's Inferno. In the Danteum the materiality of the worldly Dark Wood
directly opposes the transcendence of the Paradiso. In the realm of error
every thought is lost and secular, while in heaven every soul's intent is
directed toward God. The shadowy Inferno of the Danteum mirrors the
Purgatorio's illuminated ascent to heaven. Purgatory embodies hope and
growth where hell chases its own dark inertia. Such is the cosmography
shared by Terragni and Dante.
In this postscript I intend neither to fully examine the meaning nor the
plan of the Danteum, but rather to evince the power that art has acted as a
catalyst to other artists. The Danteum, a modern design inspired by a
medieval poem, is but one example. Dante's poem is filled with characters
epitomizing the full range of vices and virtues of human personalities.
Dante's characters come from his present and literature's past; they are
mythological, biblical, classical, ancient, and medieval. They, rather than
Calliope and her sisters, were Dante's muses.
TECHNICAL NOTES
This edition has been rendered in 7-bit ASCII. Special Italian characters
that require an 8-bit format have been transcribed into multiple characters.
Below is a chart with the 8-bit character (which may not display properly),
its written description, and how it has been rendered in this 7-bit version.