Papers by Mochammad Chaerul
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, Feb 28, 2016
Municipal solid waste sector is considered as one of major contributors for Greenhouse Gasses (GH... more Municipal solid waste sector is considered as one of major contributors for Greenhouse Gasses (GHGs). GHGs that are CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O were emitted from any waste management stages including waste transportation, treatment and disposal. The paper aims to predict GHGs emission from the last two stages above using the guidelines issued by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) year of 2006. By comparing amount of waste generation at source and waste comes to landfill site, it can be found that the municipality only transport 68% of total 174 ton/day waste generated throughout the city. Percentage of waste to be composted and openly burned were 3.25 and 0.06 % of total waste generated, respectively. Organic waste, plastics and paper were dominantly found at final disposal site by 41, 31 and 9 %, respectively. GHGs emission from landfilling becomes a major source and it equals to 50,010 ton CO 2 equivalent/year. The second largest of GHGs generator is waste burning equals to 340 ton CO 2 equivalent/year. While waste composting generates 10 ton CO 2 equivalent/year. Amount of GHGs emission can be reduced by reducing amount of waste to be landfilled and improving better practice at final disposal. Further, any measures regarding with Reduce, Reuse and Recycling (3R) of waste becomes important to be improved to reduce GHGs emission.
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Program Studi Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro), Dec 1, 2020
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sampah makanan mejadi salah satu isu global. Peningkatan timbulan ... more Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sampah makanan mejadi salah satu isu global. Peningkatan timbulan sampah makanan dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi rantai penyediaan makanan dan pelestarian lingkungan secara global di masa mendatang. Sampah makanan dapat dihasilkan pada semua tahap rantai pasokan makanan. Salahsatu kontributor utama dalam peningkatan timbulan sampah makanan di suatu wilayah adalah sektor rumahtangga. Tujuan studi ini untuk memberikan suatu tinjauan terhadap berbagai studi tentang food waste behavior, yaitu perilaku seseorang terkait sampah makanan dan konsep pengelolaan sampah makanan pada sektor rumah tangga yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia berdasarkan implementasi pengelolaan sampah makanan di beberapa Negara. Selain dari berbagai macam laporan terkait pengelolaan sampah makanan di berbagai Negara, studi ini juga mereview paper ilmiah yang telah dipublikasikan di berbagai jurnal internasional. Pendekatan psikologi termasuk perilaku, keadaan sosio-demografi, dan rutinitas dan praktik terkait perencanaan makanan diidentifikasi ke dalam faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan timbulan sampah makanan. Selanjutnya, dapat ditentukan strategi pencegahan dan pengurangan sampah makanan dari faktor yang telah teridentifikasi diatas. Beberapa Negara telah mencoba melakukan pengelolaan sampah makanan secara terpadu dalam suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah skala Kota dimana kunci keberhasilannya adalah dilakukannya pemilahan sampah makanan yang lebih baik mulai di sumber untuk lebih memaksimalkan potensi pemanfaatannya di tahapan penanganan selanjutnya. Konsep yang serupa dapat pula diaplikasikan untuk kondisi Indonesia, terlebih dengan mempertimbangkan proporsi sampah makanan yang cukup signifikan ditemui dalam aliran sampah di area perkotaan.
岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告, Mar 15, 2007
In Indonesia, municipal solid waste (MSW) is becoming increasing complex due to variety of reason... more In Indonesia, municipal solid waste (MSW) is becoming increasing complex due to variety of reasons like the increasing quantity of MSW, rising public awareness and municipal administration policies in different cities and surrounding regencies. After the landslide accident at Bandung city disposal site, most of related agencies are trying their level best to improve the situation. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to analyze the present system of MSW addressing variety of aspects such as quantity and composition of MSW being generated, operational management, legal system as well as financial aspect. The systematic assessment has revealed the problem like lack of legal framework, low coverage, improper waste storage, less encouragement for composting, and lack of proper disposal practices. Finally, an action plan is presenting suggestion for immediate and future addressing the issues like the operational management, institutional, financial aspect, public participation & environmental education.
Resolving complexities in healthcare waste management: a goal programming approach
Waste Management & Research, Jun 1, 2008
The wide variety of activities at healthcare facilities generates different types of waste. There... more The wide variety of activities at healthcare facilities generates different types of waste. There is always a danger of spreading infection due to mishandling of infectious waste or sharps. Hence, a variety of policies and actions have been taken to improve healthcare waste management systems. A large body of literature is available which suggests methods for tackling different problematic situations but management is confronted with a variety of complex problems, such as the choice of technological options to control infection, legal and budget restrictions and the timely removal of waste, which can, at times, conflict with each other. Hence, a planning model is presented that is based on a trans-shipment goal programming approach wherein the waste flow is optimized for multiple objectives under different priority structures or with different relative importance (weights). The use of the model is demonstrated as a decision-making tool that would help the management to understand the effects of their policies on the system performance. The model is validated for a case application representing a real-life situation. It can be easily seen that, in the case in which the management is biased toward a higher level of safety protection towards infection control, they have to compromise on cost control and to some extent on environmental pollution control.
Jurnal Presipitasi: Merdia Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, Nov 30, 2019
The aim of this research is to know the concept a sample of adolescents living in an area with ma... more The aim of this research is to know the concept a sample of adolescents living in an area with many foreign workers have about two immigrant groups (Black africans and Moroccans). A sample of 712 adolescents aged 13 to 18 filled up a version of the Modern Racism Scale (McConahay et al., 1981) and an Emotion Scale. Results show low prejudice levels towards both groups. Likewise, evoked emotions, either positive or negative, are low in intensity. There are no differences between subsamples, neither in Modern Racism nor in Emotions. However, some differences are found in some variables, sex and age, which establish different prejudice levels between groups. Traditional negative emotions are positively related to Modern Racism whereas positive emotions are negatively related to it. Results are discussed in relation to the literature and previous research carried out in the same region.
Jurnal Presipitasi: Merdia Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, Mar 31, 2020
Pemanfaatan sampah sebagai bahan bakar atau Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) menjadi salah satu opsi per... more Pemanfaatan sampah sebagai bahan bakar atau Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) menjadi salah satu opsi permasalahan sampah perkotaan. Terdapat berbagai macam proses yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk menghasilkan RDF, diantaranya melalui biodrying. Biodrying merupakan salah satu bagian dari teknologi Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi kadar air sampah dengan memanfaatkan panas yang dihasilkan dari aktifitas mikroorganisme dalam mendegradasi materi organik sehingga diharapkan terjadi peningkatan nilai kalor. Paper ini menyajikan review dari berbagai penelitian biodrying yang telah dipublikasikan di jurnal ilmiah, sehingga diharapkan dapat dijadikan salah satu acuan dalam penelitian biodrying lebih lanjut yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik sampah di Indonesia. Review dilakukan terhadap hal-hal penting dalam penelitian biodrying, diantaranya prinsip operasi, konfigurasi desain reaktor, parameter yang dipantau, serta karakteristik baik umpan maupun produk.
Jurnal serambi engineering, Dec 14, 2019
Life Cycle Assessement (LCA) studies in Indonesia have developed since last few years with a vari... more Life Cycle Assessement (LCA) studies in Indonesia have developed since last few years with a various product system studied. This paper aims to provide a critical review of LCA studies that have been performed in Indonesia, which is expected to improve the quality of study in Indonesia in the future. Scope of the study was limited to papers published in national journals and traced through the Indonesian Publication Index website from year of 2010 to 2016. There were 17 LCA studies reviewed, including the studies for renewable energy products, plantation, waste management, water treatment, and several products' manufacturing etc. Various critical issues found that need further attention to improve the quality of research LCA including the narrow LCA boundary, functional units, data inventory and allocation procedures, the conclusion that exceeds the results of the study, application of uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis, and transparency of the report.
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Program Studi Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro), Apr 29, 2020
Gas rumah kaca (GRK) berpotensi diemisikan dari berbagai tahapan dalam pengelolaan sampah, termas... more Gas rumah kaca (GRK) berpotensi diemisikan dari berbagai tahapan dalam pengelolaan sampah, termasuk dari tahap penanganan sampah di sumber, pengangkutan dan penimbunan sampah di tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA). Di banyak negara, metode IPCC 2006 dipilih untuk memprediksi emisi GRK dari berbagai macam sector, termasuk dalam pengelolaan sampah. Di dalam metode IPCC 2006 terdapat tingkatan basis data (Tier) yang didasarkan atas sumber data yang digunakan dalam menghitung emisi GRK. Tier 1 merupakan tingkatan terendah dimana berbagai macam data default telah disediakan untuk perhitungan emisi GRK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui emisi GRK yang dihasilkan dari pengelolaan sampah di Kota Cilacap sebagai representasi Kota kecil di Indonesia menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 tetapi dengan kualitas yang lebih baik daripada Tier 1. Peningkatan kualitas penghitungan dilakukan dengan menyediakan berbagai macam data spesifik untuk Kota Cilacap, diantaranya data timbulan dan komposisi sampah melalui sampling dan analisis laboratorium untuk mendapatkan proporsi organik karbon yang dapat terdegradasi (DOC), fraksi DOC yang terasimilasi (DOCf), laju degradasi (Kd) dan fraksi metana (F). Dari perhitungan didapat bahwa prediksi total emisi GRK dari pengelolaan sampah di Kota Cilacap sebesar 4,58 x 10 5 ton CO2-eq. dimana tahap tahap pengangkutan dan penimbunan sampah menjadi yang dominan. Nilai total emisi dari penimbunan sampah berselisih sekitar 50% lebih besar dibandingkan bila menggunakan data default Tier 1. Hasil ini semakin memperkuat urgensi implementasi konsep 3R (Reduce Reuse dan Recycle) mulai di sumber yang memang telah diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang No. 18 tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah.
A challenge for waste management from small health care establishments in Bandung city, Indonesia
Enviroscienteae, Aug 18, 2020
Law No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management prioritizes waste handling nearer the generator by conside... more Law No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management prioritizes waste handling nearer the generator by considering economical value remained. In Depok City, waste handling at the community level has been performed at the Waste Treatment Unit (WTU) and waste bank. WTU focuses on organic waste treatment, while waste bank for inorganic waste recycling. The paper aims to identify waste generation and to evaluate the operational activity of the facilities. The sampling procedure proceeded for 8 days consecutively for 14 WTUs and 1 day for 7 waste banks applying stratified random sampling from a total of 30 WTUs and 428 waste banks operated in Depok City. Waste received daily were varied between 95,32-1.436,98 kg of organic waste at each WTU and 69,65-868,40 kg of inorganic waste at each waste bank. The variation of waste received was proportional to the number of inhabitants served and the character of the community surrounding the facility. The performance of the facilities could be improved including through promotion and financial support attained from the retribution. Waste handling at the community level could reduce the amount of waste transported to the Final Disposal Site (FDS) and reduce land required for FDS which becomes difficult to find especially in big cities in Indonesia.
Jurnal Permukiman (e-journal), Dec 13, 2021
Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis berbagai alternatif skenario kebijakan guna mengoptimalkan ... more Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis berbagai alternatif skenario kebijakan guna mengoptimalkan pelayanan pengelolaan sampah di 4 wilayah tersebut dan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap sampah yang terangkut ke TPPAS Nambo dengan pendekatan model sistem dinamik. Simulasi dilakukan terhadap 4 skenario yaitu business as usual (BAU), optimalisasi fasilitas pengolahan sampah eksisting, implementasi rencana induk pengelolaan sampah daerah (masterplan), dan implementasi Kebijakan Strategi Daerah (Jakstrada) pengelolaan sampah. Dari hasil simulasi mulai tahun 2020 hingga 2045, didapat bahwa keempat kota di atas tidak dapat hanya mengandalkan keberadaan TPPAS Nambo yang memiliki keterbatasan kapasitas pengolahan, sehingga kehadiran Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) di masing-masing kota/kabupaten masih tetap diperlukan. Dari hasil simulasi didapat bahwa Skenario Jakstrada merupakan skenario yang paling optimal adalah bila mempertimbangkan jumlah timbulan sampah yang harus dikelola, biaya pengangkutan, kebutuhan lahan untuk TPA dan emisi lingkungan, walaupun mensyaratkan adanya kebutuhan fasilitas penanganan sampah di sumber yang lebih besar. Perkiraan biaya pengolahan sampah dari Skenario Jakstrada untuk masing
IOP conference series, Mar 26, 2019
Waste sector contributes on greenhouse gasses (GHGs) including from waste transportation. As it s... more Waste sector contributes on greenhouse gasses (GHGs) including from waste transportation. As it significantly contributes to the total cost, municipality is most concerned on waste transportation. The paper aims to analyze the role of waste compaction facility to reduce the GHGs emission reduction. Through a sampling procedure for 8 consecutively days, total waste collected from the service area to the compaction facility was 122.35 m 3 d-1 with waste density of 103.27 kg m-3. In order to transport all amount of waste to final disposal site located about 45 km from central of Bandung City, Indonesia it requires at least 8 trucks for 2 trips with waste density at truck of 200 kg m-3. Waste compaction results the increasing waste density up to 350 kg m-3. Thus, the truck required for waste transportation becomes 4 trucks. By assuming fuel efficiency of 5 km per litre of diesel and using emission factor published by DEFRA of UK (2.67 kg CO2 eq. per litre), it is found that total GHG emission reduction due to operational of waste compaction is 40% (from 720.9 into 432.54 kg CO2 eq. daily). In fact, the GHGs emission is reduced more when considering the traffic jam along way to final disposal site.
IOP conference series, Apr 1, 2018
Indonesia still adopts the concept of collect-haul-dispose for municipal solid waste handling and... more Indonesia still adopts the concept of collect-haul-dispose for municipal solid waste handling and it leads to the queue of the waste trucks at final disposal site (TPA). The study aims to minimize the total distance of waste transportation system by applying a Transshipment model. In this case, analogous of transshipment point is a compaction facility (SPA). Small capacity of trucks collects the waste from waste temporary collection points (TPS) to the compaction facility which located near the waste generator. After compacted, the waste is transported using big capacity of trucks to the final disposal site which is located far away from city. Problem related with the waste transportation can be solved using Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). In this study, the shortest distance of route from truck pool to TPS, TPS to SPA, and SPA to TPA was determined by using meta-heuristic methods, namely Tabu Search 2 Phases. TPS studied is the container type with total 43 units throughout the West Jakarta City with 38 units of Armroll truck with capacity of 10 m 3 each. The result determines the assignment of each truck from the pool to the selected TPS, SPA and TPA with the total minimum distance of 2,675.3 KM. The minimum distance causing the total cost for waste transportation to be spent by the government also becomes minimal.
Reaktor, May 31, 2017
In Indonesia, several leachate treatments were operated with most of the treatments are using con... more In Indonesia, several leachate treatments were operated with most of the treatments are using conventional anaerobic lagoon system in pre-treatment section. However, most of the treatments still have low organic removal efficiency. In several studies, removal efficiency could be increased through several modifications inside the pond and one of them is by using mixing addition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare leachate organic removal efficiency by using mixing and without using mixing modification. This research used 3 kinds of Circulating Anaerobic Reactor (CAR) where 0.5 kg/m 3 •day Organic Loading Rate (OLR) in reactor-1 (with mixing) and reactor-3 (without mixing) and 1.0 kg/m 3 •day OLR in reactor-2 (with mixing) were operated inside the reactor. From the results, the organic removal efficiency in reactor-1 was 81.82%, reactor-2 was 82.22%, and reactor-3 was 41.67%. It can be proven that leachate organic removal efficiency was possible to be increased with the addition of mixing inside the treatment system.
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, Jun 24, 2020
Due to its calorific value, wastes could be treated into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) through severa... more Due to its calorific value, wastes could be treated into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) through several processes. In order to get higher calorific value, moisture content in the wastes could be removed by utilizing the heat generated from decomposition of organic fraction by microorganism (biodrying process). The study aims to treat solid wastes generated from canteens in Ganesha Campus of Institut Teknologi Bandung into RDF through biodrying process. Through standard sampling procedure, total waste generated from 59 canteens was 228 kg/day and organic fraction became the dominant (74%). There were 3 biodrying piles prepared, namely aeration, windrow, and control pile. Temperature in all piles increased in first and second weeks, then it gradually decreased and the average temperature were between 23-48 o C. The heat generated during the process could be remove water content and the optimum time 17-22 days could reach 20-30% of moisture content. The highest calorific value could be obtained from aerated pile (14.98 MJ/kg). By considering several parameters, the best RDF were produced from aerated pile. The parameters which still did not comply with the international standard of RDF were ash content, fixed carbon, and organic carbon. The quality of RDF was affected significantly by the composition of the feed. Though it could not meet with all parameters as an international standard of RDF, the product could be used as co-fuel to substitute coal or other fossil fuels for industrial activities. By knowing that the wastes could be converted into valuable product, the local municipality may shift the conventional paradigm of the waste management which is only collect-haul-dispose into a new paradigm by prioritizing waste recycle.
Indonesian journal of life cycle assessment and sustainability, Apr 10, 2019
Dairy processing industry is one of the industries that give positive contribution to the economi... more Dairy processing industry is one of the industries that give positive contribution to the economic growth, however it also contributes in many impacts on the environment, as well as milk powder product manufactured by PT X. The main objective of this study was to determine the most significant environmental impact caused by production and transportation of milk powder in bag 250 gram (Product X) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The boundary of the LCA study is "cradle to gate", including: materials production, materials transportation from supplier to the PT X factory, manufacture of milk powder in PT X, and distribution of the products from factory to distributor. Four impact categories will be calculated on this study: global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), and photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP). The impact assessment was calculated by software SimaPro v.8.3.2 faculty license, and the calculation result validated manually by Microsoft Excel. The result of environmental impact calculation showed the GWP, EP, AP, and POCP of 1 kg milk powder is 1.3245 kg CO2 eq/kg, 0.0033 kg PO4 3eq/kg, 0.0066 kg SO2 eq/kg and 0.0020 kg C2H4 eq/kg. The material production subsystem has the highest environmental impact on GWP, POCP, AP and EP categories. In particular, production activity in PT X also contributes to GWP. An environmental impact reduction strategy can focus on reducing GWP with electricity usage efficiency and developing a material supplier selection plan with environmental impacts of material production as one of criteria
Al-Ard: journal teknik lingkungan, May 1, 2020
Pasar Ujungberung merupakan salahsatu pasar tradisional di Kota Bandung yang aktivitas jual-belin... more Pasar Ujungberung merupakan salahsatu pasar tradisional di Kota Bandung yang aktivitas jual-belinya masih ramai dan berdampak pada kebutuhan pengelolaan sampah yang lebih baik. Agar dapat dilakukan pengelolaan sampah yang baik maka dibutuhkan data timbulan yang lebih presisi. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui timbulan sampah tersebut melalui pelaksanaan prosedur sampling sesuai dengan SNI selama 8 hari berturut-turut. Jumlah keseluruhan kios yang aktif digunakan untuk jual-beli adalah 565 kios dengan jumlah responden untuk sampling dan kuesioner sebanyak 85 kios. Rerata timbulan sampah tertinggi dan terendah masing-masing berasal dari kios makanan jadi (3,16 kg/hari) dan kios hasil bumi (0,02 kg/hari). Berdasarkan unit yang mungkin berpengaruh pada timbulan sampahnya, maka secara rerata timbulan sampah perhari di Pasar Ujungberung adalah 0,464 kg/kios, 0,109 kg/m2 kios, 0,240 kg/karyawan, 0,047 kg/jam operasional. Walaupun komposisi jenis sampah yang dihasilkan dari setiap kios berbeda, plastik, organik dan kertas merupakan tiga jenis sampah yang diprediksi dominan dihasilkan dari Pasar Ujungberung. Berdasarkan observasi lansung dan wawancara diketahui bahwa sebagian besar pedagang membuang sampahnya dengan menggunakan kresek plastik ke lokasi penampungan sampah terdekat. Data timbulan sampah yang diperoleh dari studi ini dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi timbulan sampah di pasar tradisional lain sehingga perencanaan pengelolaan sampah dapat dilakukan dengan lebih baik.
Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan
Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk, timbulan sampah yang harus diangkut pun akan meningka... more Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk, timbulan sampah yang harus diangkut pun akan meningkat di Kabupaten Manokwari. Sistem pengangkutan existing yang
Faecal sludge treatment facility site selection using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis and AHP: Case study of Bogor Regency
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Sanitary condition is one of the components that influencing public health. Bogor Regency has tot... more Sanitary condition is one of the components that influencing public health. Bogor Regency has total area 2,663.81 km2, with total population 5,965,410 in 2019. The sanitation of Bogor Regency nearly 100% is using on-site systems. Utilization of septic tank reduces the level of contamination of surface water and groundwater. However, the sludge still containing high E. Coli that potentially caused diarrhea, vomiting disease, and others, so that the handling of the sludge needs Faecal Sludge Treatment Facilities (FSTF). Before 2016, Bogor Regency already had 10 units of faecal suction truck services, but the disposal process still was done in Kalimulya FSTF, Depok City. So, this study aims to find a feasible FSTF site location which fulfils the spatial plan, technical, and non-technical criteria. The process on the determining feasible FSTF location was employing multicriteria analysis by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Several spatia...
Uploads
Papers by Mochammad Chaerul