Papers by Mohammed Almarshadi
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosyste... more The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems by evaluating the current situation of heavy metals in seven locations (North Amer El Bahry, Amer, Bakr, Ras Gharib, July Water Floud, Ras Shokeir, and El Marageen) along the Suez Gulf coast that are well-known representative sites for petroleum activities in Egypt. One hundred and forty-six samples of surface sediments were carefully collected from twenty-seven profiles in the intertidal and surf zone. The hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and salinity (S‰), were measured during sample collection. The mineralogy study was carried out by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). The ecological risks of heavy metals were assessed by applying the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and po...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
The external heat load of residential buildings in summer is the dominant parameter of the requir... more The external heat load of residential buildings in summer is the dominant parameter of the required cooling load and refrigeration capacity of air conditioning systems. The consumed energy of air conditioning system is proportional to the outside conditions and intensity of solar radiation. The maximum heat load of building may occur at 3 O’clock PM, although the peak of solar radiation occurs at noon. The construction materials of building is playing an important rolls of heat transmission through buildings outside walls and glazing windows. The walls thermal insulation can be effective in energy conservation by reducing the cooling load and required electrical energy. The building is constructed from common materials with 0~12 cm thermal insulation in outside walls, ceilings, and double layers glazing windows. The building heat loads are calculated for two models of walls. The optimum thickness of thermal insulation is also determined and is found between 6~8 cm for insulation of ...
A field experiment was carried out at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz Univ... more A field experiment was carried out at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University located at Hada Alsham to study the effect of water distribution patterns on productivity of Ziziphus jujuba under arid conditions. Three water distribution treatments giving the same amount of water were investigated. The first treatment (T1) contained 8 drippers with a discharge of 4 l/h, the second treatment (T2) 4 drippers with a discharge of 8 l/h and the third one (T3) contained 2 drippers with a discharge of 16 l/h. The drippers were installed to distribute water in a circle with a diameter of 1 m around tree for the two growing seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Results revealed that increasing number of drippers with low discharge distributed irrigation water homogenously around trees and covered large area of tree roots. T1 significantly increased branch length, number of branches, collar diameter, soil moisture content and fruit yield and quality. The increase in these...
Field experiment was carried out at Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University... more Field experiment was carried out at Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University located at Hada Alsham, Jeddah, KSA to investigate the effect of soil conditioners on water productivity and date palm yield production (Sheesh cultivar) during the growing seasons of 2009 and 2010. The soil texture was sandy loam. Eighteen female palms with similar vigor, height, pollen source and age (20 years old) were selected and subjected to the normal cultural practices applied for date palms. Six treatments were investigated under the current study. The treatments included control (T1), gel treatment (T2), Agristar treatments (T3 and T4) and a combination of gel and Agristar treatments (T5 and T6). The experiment was subjected to drip irrigation. Results of the study revealed that gel formation increased date palm production and retained water in soils. It reduced soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture tension. T2 gave the highest date palm product...
A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Experimental Research Station of King Abdulaziz U... more A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Experimental Research Station of King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Hada Alsham, Saudi Arabia, for two growing seasons to study the effect of different soil amendments on growth traits and yield of barley crop grown under dry land conditions. Two irrigation treatments using sprinkler irrigation method were studied, full irrigation level, (100% of required water) and minimum irrigation level (60% of full level). Under each irrigation level two soil amendments, humic acid (Ha) with a rate of 10 kg ha and Gel Polymer (Gp) with a rate of 16 kg ha beside the control (not amended) were investigated. Irrigation event was every two days in full irrigation level and every 4 days in minimum irrigation level. Results revealed that, full irrigation level was better than minimum one in most investigated characteristics. The barley growth and yield components increased with application of humic acid and gel polymers amendments compared to control.The ...
A field experiment carried-out in sandy loam soil to study the effect of effective microorganisms... more A field experiment carried-out in sandy loam soil to study the effect of effective microorganisms and green manure on productivity of two forage crops under dry conditions. The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University (KAU) located at Hada Alsham, north east of Jeddah, KSA. Four treatments were investigated under the current study. In control (T1) the two grown crops were growing using recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizers added after planting. The second treatment (T2) was diluted solution (1:1000) of effective microorganisms (EM1). The third treatment (T3) was green manure while the fourth treatment (T4) was EM1 and green manure together. The results indicated that the best treatments were green manure with EM1 (T4) in alfalfa while it was only green manure (T3) in pearl millet. The single effect of EM1 was positive but not significant compared with control. Water use efficiency increased by using green manure and effective micro...
Reducing the adverse effect of the saline irrigation water on field crops is an important goal es... more Reducing the adverse effect of the saline irrigation water on field crops is an important goal especially in the arid lands such as Saudi Arabia. Response of canola yield and quality to irrigation with high saline irrigation water under the sulphur soil amendment and irrigation intervals was studied during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons at the Agricultural Research Station, King Abdulaziz University in Hada Al-Sham location. The results showed that using sulphur fertilizer decreased the adverse effect of water salinity on seed yield of canola. Sulphur rate of 6 t/ha significantly increased seed yield compared with 4 t/ha under the irrigation with water of salinity levels 1.875 or 15.625 dSm -1 . Irrigation of every 4 days was significantly better than the irrigation of every 6 or 8 days under any water salinity level. Irrigation with salinity water (15.625 dSm -1 ) significantly decreased No. of branches/plant, No. of fruits/plant, seed weight/plant and protein content while oil co...
A field experiment was carried-out at Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz Universi... more A field experiment was carried-out at Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Hada Alsham, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate the changes in some physical and fertility properties of soil treated with humic acid and/or gel polymers in relation to those of untreated soil under two water regimes. Full irrigation level, (100% of required water) and minimum irrigation level (60% of full level). Under each irrigation level two soil amendments, humic acid with a rate of 10 kg ha and gel Polymer with a rate of 16 kg ha beside the control (not amended) were investigated. The experimental site was cultivated by barley for two growing Seasons using sprinkler system for irrigation. Results indicated that using soil amendments enhanced soil physical and fertility properties. They decreased soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity while increased water holding capacity, soil organic matter and soil nutrients under both irrigation level. The enhancement under min...
International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2018
In this study soil was covered with wheat straw in four rates (0, 10, 20 and 30 t / ha) to invest... more In this study soil was covered with wheat straw in four rates (0, 10, 20 and 30 t / ha) to investigate effect of soil covering on growth and forage yield of millet (Pennicitum americanum L.) during two season spring and autumn of 2009. The results showed significant differences between the three growth stages (vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages) (different cutting periods) in all millet plant parameters (plant height, branch number, leaf area, fresh and dry forage yield and its components) studied during spring and autumn seasons. As for wheat straw covering treatments the results showed significant differences in the total millet fresh weight and its components stem and leaves in addition to plant height during spring, but for autumn season the results indicated significant differences between treatments in stem fresh weight and plant height. There is also significant interaction between cuttings and treatments for the total fresh weight, fresh weight of leaves and plant height during spring, with no significant interaction between cuttings and treatments during autumn season. Covering the soil with wheat straw have positive effects on growth parameters of millet crop.
A field experiment comparing different irrigation methods (Sprinkler Irrigation "SPI", ... more A field experiment comparing different irrigation methods (Sprinkler Irrigation "SPI", surface drip "DI" and sub-surface drip "SDI) were precisely controlled for alfalfa productivity and water use efficiency. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of King Abdel-Aziz University. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates, consists of three irrigation method. Water Electronics Module (WEM) technology was used to fully controlled the irrigation methods. The results revealed SDI increase growth parameters (plant length, number of tillers and leave to stem ratio) compared with DI and SPI. The least water supply was recorded in SDI followed by DI and SPI respectively while the highest IWUE obtained from SDI followed by DI and the least IWUE was recorded in SPI. SDI and DI saved 35.7% and 29.2% of irrigation water compared with SPI. In spite of decreasing water supply under SDI and DI...
Water
Assessing surface water quality for drinking use in developing countries is important since water... more Assessing surface water quality for drinking use in developing countries is important since water quality is a fundamental aspect of surface water management. This study aims to improve surface water quality assessments and their controlling mechanisms using the drinking water quality index (DWQI) and four pollution indices (PIs), which are supported by multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis, partial least squares regression (PLSR), and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR). Twenty-two physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard analytical methods for 55 surface water sites in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt. The DWQI results indicated that 33% of the tested samples represented good water, and 67% of samples indicated poor to unsuitable water for drinking use. The PI results revealed that surface water samples were strongly affected by Pb and Mn and were slightly affected by Fe and Cr. The SMLR models of the DWQI and PIs, which were b...
Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control
In hot arid countries with severe weather, the summer air conditioning systems consume much elect... more In hot arid countries with severe weather, the summer air conditioning systems consume much electrical power at peak period. Shifting the loads peak to off-peak period with thermal storage is recommended. Model A of residential buildings and Model B of schools and hospitals were used to estimate the daily cooling load profile in Makkah, Saudi Arabia at latitude of 21.42˚N and longitude of 39.83˚E. Model A was constructed from common materials, but Model B as Model A with 5-8 cm thermal insulation and double layers glass windows. The average data of Makkah weather through 2010, 2011 and 2012 were used to calculate the cooling load profile and performance of air conditioning systems. The maximum cooling load was calculated at 15:00 o'clock for a main floor building to a 40-floor of residential building and to 5 floors of schools. A district cooling plant of 180,000 Refrigeration Ton was suggested to serve the Gabal Al Sharashf area in the central zone of Makkah. A thermal storage system to store the excess cooling capacity was used. Air cooled condensers were used in the analysis of chiller refrigeration cycle. The operating cost was mainly a function of electrical energy consumption. Fixed electricity tariff was 0.04 $/kWh for electromechanical counter, and 0.027, 0.04, 0.069 $/kWh for shifting loads peak for the smart digital counter. The results showed that the daily savings in consumed power are 8.27% in spring, 6.86% in summer, 8.81% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. Also, the daily savings in electricity bills are 12.26% in spring, 16.66% in summer, 12.84% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. The obtained maximum saving in consumed power is 14.5% and the daily saving in electricity bills is 43% in summer when the loads peak is completely shifted to off-peak period.
Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Nov 21, 2011
A field experiment comparing different irrigation methods (Sprinkler Irrigation "SPI", surface dr... more A field experiment comparing different irrigation methods (Sprinkler Irrigation "SPI", surface drip "DI" and sub-surface drip "SDI) were precisely controlled for alfalfa productivity and water use efficiency. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of King Abdel-Aziz University. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates, consists of three irrigation method. Water Electronics Module (WEM) technology was used to fully controlled the irrigation methods. The results revealed SDI increase growth parameters (plant length, number of tillers and leave to stem ratio) compared with DI and SPI. The least water supply was recorded in SDI followed by DI and SPI respectively while the highest IWUE obtained from SDI followed by DI and the least IWUE was recorded in SPI. SDI and DI saved 35.7% and 29.2% of irrigation water compared with SPI. In spite of decreasing water supply under SDI and DI high dry yield was obtained. The increase in dry yield was 45% in SDI and 15.9% in DI compared with SPI. The results of experiment especially soil moisture data proved that WEM is a practical tool to precisely supplied irrigation water when needed and can be recommended for efficiently controlled different automated irrigation systems.
Irrigation and Drainage, 2013
ABSTRACT
American-Eurasian Journal of …, 2011
A field experiment studied the effect of water stress on alfalfa productivity and water use effic... more A field experiment studied the effect of water stress on alfalfa productivity and water use efficiency was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of King Abdul-Aziz University. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates, consists of three treatments namely: field capacity treatment (FC) as a control, 85% FC and 70% FC as stress treatments. The irrigation water for all treatments was precisely supplied using Water Electronics Module (WEM). The results indicated that, decreasing water supply decreased fresh and dry yield of alfalfa however it increases IWUE indicating more efficient use of water by the crop and consequentially increasing water saving. 13% and 27% of irrigation water can be saved from 85% FC and 70% FC in each cut when it compared with FC treatment. The reduction of water supply resulted in yield reduction by 12% and 21.7% for 85% FC and 70% FC, respectively. The results also proved that WEM is a practical tool to precisely supplied irrigation water and can be use effectively to control deficit irrigation.
Uploads
Papers by Mohammed Almarshadi