Papers by Bekir Bülent ARPACI
Agronomy
Plant nutrition through mineral fertilizers is commonly used in soilless culture systems. Our stu... more Plant nutrition through mineral fertilizers is commonly used in soilless culture systems. Our study aims to replace intensive mineral fertilizers with bio-fertilizers, at least partially. We supplemented 50% of the mineral fertilizers with Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, a mix of beneficial bacteria and mycorrhiza. In addition, we investigated how to enhance spinach quality by implementing a sustainable and eco-friendly production method. Our research focused on analyzing the parameters of leaf quality and nitrate accumulation of baby spinach grown in a floating culture system utilizing biofertilizers. When mycorrhiza, algae, and bacteria supplemented 50% of mineral fertilizers, 17.5%, 20%, and 21.9% fewer leaf yields than 100% mineral fertilizers (5270 g m−2) were achieved. However, biofertilizers improved the internal leaves’ quality of hydroponically grown baby spinach. The highest amount of total phenolic (356.88 mg gallic acid 100g−1), vitamin C (73.83 mg 100 g−1), total soluble...
Plant Hormones - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications
Plant hormones, such as auxin, play crucial roles in many plant developmental processes, which is... more Plant hormones, such as auxin, play crucial roles in many plant developmental processes, which is crosstalk with gibberellin and strigolactone. The roles of hormones may vary in the biosynthesis of metabolisms. During the pathogen attack, including plant-parasitic nematodes, viroid, phytoplasma, virus, and bacteria, plant hormones are involved in several plant processes. Ethylene (ET), salicylate (SA), jasmonate (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) primarily regulate synergistically or antagonistically against pathogens. Those pathogens—nematodes, bacteria, viroid, phytoplasma, and viruses regulate several plant hormones for successful parasitism, influencing the phytohormone structure and modifying plant development. Several genes are related to plant hormones that are involved in pathogens parasitism. In this chapter, how pathogens affect plant hormones in plants growing are discussed.
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
Tobacco etch virus (TEV) belonging to Potyviridae is among the most destructive viruses and wides... more Tobacco etch virus (TEV) belonging to Potyviridae is among the most destructive viruses and widespread Worldwide but it has been found only Turkey in Mediterranean Basin. Both dominant and recessive pvr alleles contribute resistance against potyviruses. Prevalence of TEV in main pepper cultivation areas in Turkey and phylogenetic diversity of the isolates based on their coat protein region were determined in this study. Transferring resistance genes both recessive and dominant to susceptible chilli pepper lines was aimed with a breeding program including CM334 and Perennial known as resistance sources against several potyviruses. Two geographically and genetically distinct TEV isolates 1002 and 774 were inoculated to pepper genotypes carrying Pvr4, pvr2 + , pvr2 1 , pvr2 2 , pvr2 3 alleles and 15 lines improved from CM334 carrying Pvr4, pvr2 3 and Perennial carrying pvr6 allele and QTLs. None of the pvr alleles contribute to resistance to isolate 774 while pvr2 2 provides resistance to isolate 1002. All the pepper cultivation areas are infected by TEV in Turkey mainly Aegean Region and the isolates found in Turkey are close to those from Chinese isolate. Polygenic resistance was transferred by breeding program to line 4 could resist to both Turkish isolates.
Tomato - From Cultivation to Processing Technology [Working Title]
Several pathogens and pests damage tomato plants, and only one and/or more pathogens and pests ca... more Several pathogens and pests damage tomato plants, and only one and/or more pathogens and pests can coexist in the same plant at the same time. As several numerous pathogens are found in the same plant, the damage to the tomato plants is higher. Pathogens such as nematodes, viruses, viroids, bacteria, and insects adversely affect the growth and development of tomato plants. They may infect roots or upper part of the plant and can cause not only slow down the growth of plants, but also crop losses and their death. Damaging of plant caused by pathogens and pests reduces the market value of plant products. Those pathogens and pests are also called biotic stress agents. The damage, mode of infection, and the mechanism of infection in each tomato plant and pathogens might be different. This situation is crucially important to understand plant pathogen relationship in detail in terms of controlling pests and pathogen. The effect of each pest/pathogen on tomato plants during the cultivation...
In red pepper cultivation for spice production, harvesting the fruits is time consuming and high ... more In red pepper cultivation for spice production, harvesting the fruits is time consuming and high cost requiring process. Also all the cultivated pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruits for processing have to be separated from the pedicel after or before drying. The pedicel is tightly attached with the calyx to the fruit pod in most pepper cultivar. For this reason fruit detachment force (FDF) is an important trait to improve pepper cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting. Gene action for FDF was calculated using inter-specific crosses between four C. annuum L. (3.860 to 7.340 N FDF) genotypes and C. chacoense Hunz. (0.199 N FDF), C. annuum variety 'Totolapa' (0.173 N FDF). FDF values obtained from parents and F1 generation indicated that gene effects for this trait were mostly displayed dominance and additive. No differences were calculated with respect to heterosis both Capsicum species related FDF. Parents could generate hybrids with high degree of negative heterosis varying between 86.56% and 94.50% related with FDF. Except K7 x CC hybrid easily detached from the fruit with 0.153 N, all the hybrids have fruit detachment force over ʻTotolapaʼ.
Kahramanmaraș Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015
Karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerin ölçümü amacıyla Liesner (1958) tarafından ortaya atılan, Balassa (1... more Karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerin ölçümü amacıyla Liesner (1958) tarafından ortaya atılan, Balassa (1965) tarafından işlevsel hale getirilen "Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük (RCA) katsayıları", ülkenin belli bir sektör ihracatının toplam ihracatına oranının, aynı sektörün dünyadaki ihracatının dünya toplam ihracatına oranı şeklinde hesaplanmaktadır. Balassa Endeksi şeklinde de ifade edilebilen RCA katsayıları; ülkenin bir sektördeki yurtiçi uzmanlaşmasını, dünyanın uzmanlaşmasıyla karşılaştırır. Katsayının 1'den büyük olması; söz konusu sektörde ülkenin açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip olduğunu ve uzmanlaştığını, 1'den küçük olması ise, açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı dezavantaja sahip olduğunu ve uzmanlaşmadığını gösterir. Çalışmada, 1993-2012 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin dünya piyasalarında sebze ihracatındaki karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla SITC Rev. 3, 4. seviye için karşılaştırmalı üstünlük katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre Türkiye, sebze ve alt grupları ihracatında global piyasalarda önemli bir karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, sebze alt gruplarının büyük çoğunluğunun ihracatında karşılaştırmalı üstünlük olmasına rağmen, son yıllardaki üstünlükler nispi anlamda azalmaktadırThe index of revealed comparative advantages (RCA) was first introduced by Liesner (1958) and operationalized by Balassa (1965) in order to measure comparative advantages. The RCA index of a country for a product is often measured by the product’s share in the country’s exports in relation to its share in world trade. The index of RCA, also called Balassa Index, is used to measure relative importance of a product in a country’s export composition relative to that product’s relative importance in world trade. If the index exceeds 1 the country is said to have a comparative advantage in the sector in question, since it is more important for the country’s exports than for the exports of the reference countries and vice versa. In this study, between the years 1993-2012, the indices of revealed comparative advantages indices of Turkey are calculated on SITC Revision 3, 4 digit codes in order to determine comparative advantages in vegetable export in World markets. Accordingly, Turkey has a significant comparative advantage in the export of vegetable and its sub-groups in global markets. However, although comparative advantage in the export of the majority of vegetable sub-groups, the advantages have relatively been decreasing in recent year
Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2021
Kavun tohumu çıkarılırken meyve eti, plasenta ve tohum etrafındaki jelimsi tabakadan arındırılmas... more Kavun tohumu çıkarılırken meyve eti, plasenta ve tohum etrafındaki jelimsi tabakadan arındırılması gerekmektedir. Bu işlem için yaygın olarak kullanılan fermantasyon yöntemine alternatif olarak bazı kimyasalların kullanılması zaman ve işgücü tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada hidroklorik asit uygulamasının kavun tohumlarındaki ekstraksiyon işlemini kolaylaştırıcı, zaman kazandırıcı etkileri ile çimlenme, çıkış ve fide büyümesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bitkisel materyal olarak Sena F1 kavun çeşidine ait tohumlar kullanılmıştır. Tohumlar çekirdek evinden çıkarılarak etraflarındaki jelimsi madde, bir miktar meyve eti ve plasenta ile beraber %1, 5, 10, 15, 20 konsantrasyonlarındaki hidroklorik asit (HCl) çözeltileri içerisinde 5, 10, 20, 30 dakika süreyle bekletilmiştir. Uygulamaların, tohum çimlenme oranı ve hızı, çıkış oranı ve hızı üzerine etkileri ile fidelerde bitki boyu, yeşil aksam yaş ağırlığı ve hipokotil boyu üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla kavund...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different sowing dates on yield and so... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different sowing dates on yield and some agronomic characteristics of different carrot varieties (‘Romance’ F1, ‘Nansun’ F1, ‘Maestro’ F1, ‘Soprano’ F1 and ‘Vac-64‘ F1). The results of the study showed that the effect of sowing dates on the agronomic characteristics was significant. While the highest yield was obtained from ‘Soprano’ F1 at 4 sowing date, the highest plant height, the highest leaf length, maximum number of leaves, the highest carrot weight, the highest carrot length and the highest carrot diameter was obtained from ‘Romance’ F1 at 2 sowing date, 5 sowing date, 4 sowing date, 3 sowing date, 4 sowing date and 2 sowing date, respectively.
Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, 2018
Pre-treatments significantly affect frequency of gynogenic embryogenesis. In gynogenesis, a chang... more Pre-treatments significantly affect frequency of gynogenic embryogenesis. In gynogenesis, a change from gametophytic phase to the sporophytic phase is provided by stress treatments. Heat and/or cold shocks are given alone or in combination with each other to induce stress conditions. Also, pre-treatments can be applied at different types of explant, such as flower buds, ovules/ovaries, or inflorescence. With regard to different explants, the type, level, and duration of pre-treatment are different, and the regeneration efficiencies vary as well. In this review, it was discussed the effects of pre-treatments, cold or heat shock, in haploid induction via gynogenesis in different vegetables species.
Ozet: Bu calisma, gerek Kahramanmaras ve Gaziantep illeri ve gerekse ulke ekonomisi icin buyuk bi... more Ozet: Bu calisma, gerek Kahramanmaras ve Gaziantep illeri ve gerekse ulke ekonomisi icin buyuk bir oneme sahip olan kirmizibiberin uretim ve kurutma yontemlerini belirlemek amaciyla planlanmistir. Arastirmanin ana materyalini Kahramanmaras ve Gaziantep illerinde, ornekleme sonucu belirlenen kirmizibiber yetistiren tarim isletmeleri ile birebir yapilan anketler olusturmustur. Arastirma alaninda incelenen tarim isletmelerinin %60'i kirmizibiber tohumunu fabrikalardan satin almakta, %35'i mibzerle ekim yapmakta, %18,7'si yagmurlama sulama yapmaktadir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, isletmelerin %16'si urettikleri kirmizibiberin bir kismini yas, bir kismini kuru olarak satmakta iken, %68'i tamamini kuru olarak ve %16'si ise tamamini yas olarak satmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kirmizibiber isletmeleri, uretim ve kurutma yontemleri, aflatoksin. Red Pepper Production Structure and Drying Methods in Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep Provinces, Turkey Abstract: This study is c...
Horticultura Brasileira, 2020
Belonging to the Oomycete genus, Phytophthora capsici has wide range host profile and is responsi... more Belonging to the Oomycete genus, Phytophthora capsici has wide range host profile and is responsible of many devastating diseases in many countries. In addition to time consuming problem for transferring resistance to susceptible varieties, backcrossing method causes losing of genes providing resistance to susceptible varieties. In this study transferring P. capsici resistance genes to susceptible red pepper lines with molecular marker assistance was aimed during 12 years breeding period. Two different breeding populations from CM334 and PM217 were compared by stem inoculation test at receptivity, inducibility and stability stage. CM334 was found more effective for transferring all resistance components while PM217 was found suitable for keeping agronomic traits along with two important resistance component inducibility and stability. These two resistant components were found highly correlated length of stem necrosis. C-29 and C-18 have improved from CM334 as resistant as CM334; P-7...
Journal of Food Quality, 2021
Agriculture is among the sectors that will be impacted first and most by the adverse effects of c... more Agriculture is among the sectors that will be impacted first and most by the adverse effects of climate change. Therefore, developing new high-temperature tolerant varieties is an essential economic measure in adaptation to near-future climate change. Likewise, there is a growing interest in increasing the antioxidant content of crops to improve food quality and produce crops with high-stress tolerance. Tomato is the most grown and consumed species in horticultural plants; however, it is vulnerable to 35°C and above high temperatures during cultivation. This study used twenty high-temperature tolerant, two susceptible genotypes, and two commercial tomato varieties in the open field. The experiment was applied under control and high-temperature stress conditions based on a randomized block design with 4 replications and 12 plants per repetition. The study investigated the fruit’s selected quality properties and antioxidant compounds, namely, total soluble solutes (Brix), titratable a...
Bu calisma Kahramanmaras dogal florasinda bulunan salep orkidelerinin kulture alinmasi amaciyla y... more Bu calisma Kahramanmaras dogal florasinda bulunan salep orkidelerinin kulture alinmasi amaciyla yurutulmustur. Kahramanmaras dogal florasindan toplanan Orchis coriophora, Orchis morio var. morio, Orchis laxiflora ve Dactylorhisa romana turleri in vitro kosullarda kulture alinmislardir. Salep orkidelerinin kulture alinmasinda Knudson C, Pfeffer ve Van Waes & Debergh, ortamlari kullanilmistir. Karanlik uygulamalarini da iceren calismada, ortamlarin turlerin cimlenmeleri uzerine etkisinin yani sira protokormlarin gelisimi uzerine etkileri de incelenmistir. Calisma sonucunda Dactylorhisa romana turu disindaki tum turler cimlenmistir. En iyi cimlenen ve fide olusturan turler Orchis coriophora, Orchis morio var. morio olurken, en iyi cimlenme ortami Knudson C olmustur. Calismada 16 saat/gun aydinlik uygulamasinin turlerin cimlenmesi uzerine olumlu etkileri gozlenmistir.
Resistance in field, yield and quality of new pepper lines, improved as resistant to Phytophthora... more Resistance in field, yield and quality of new pepper lines, improved as resistant to Phytophthora blight were investigated. In addition to these investigations, 48 hybrid obtained from crossing mentioned lines with two sensitive genotypes were tested same purposes. Data obtained from the parents and hybrids were subjected to line x tester analysis and gene effects, play roles in the inheritance of characteristics were also investigated. K211xP-67, K211xCM-13 and K12xK211-15 genotypes were found as yielded, qualified and eligibility for sufficient resistance to Phytophthora blight in field conditions. K211xP-67x46, K211xP-11x46 and K211xPB-102x46 were hybrids, yielded, satisfactory qualified and folding to agent in field condition. Investigated features, except TTS, total capsaicinoids, total carotenoids, brightness, a, b values and hue angle that have been under the influence of additive gene effects were determined by line x tester analysis of variance estimates.
Ozet: Bu calisma 2004–2008 yillari arasinda Kahramanmaras kosullarinda organik kirmizibiber ureti... more Ozet: Bu calisma 2004–2008 yillari arasinda Kahramanmaras kosullarinda organik kirmizibiber uretiminde ekonomik olarak kullanilabilecek uretim sistemlerini belirlemek amaci ile yurutulmustur. Arastirmada organik yetistiricilik prensipleri dikkate alinarak uretim yapilan (1) Surekli Kirmizi Biber, (2) Kirmizi Biber-Pamuk (3) Kirmizi Biber-Fasulye-Pamuk, (4) Kirmizi Biber-Misir-Hiyar-Fasulye uretim sistemleri 5 yil sure ile uygulanmis ve elde edilen gelir bakimindan konvansiyonel kirmizibiber uretimi ile karsilastirilmistir. Boylelikle konvansiyonel uygulama ile birlikte deneme 5 uygulamadan olusmustur. Deneme tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore 3 tekrarli olarak kurulmustur. Basit maliyet analizi ve faaliyet orani hesaplanarak, uygulamalar ekonomik yonden karsilastirilmistir. Calisma sonucunda faaliyet orani yillara gore degisiklik gosterirken, en yuksek faaliyet orani kirmizibiber-fasulye-pamuk ekim nobetlerinden elde edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Organik tarim, ekim nobeti, kirm...
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2019
Since their first observing in Japan, poleroviruses have threatened pepper cultivation all around... more Since their first observing in Japan, poleroviruses have threatened pepper cultivation all around the World. Symptoms of vein yellowing originating from poleroviruses have become widespread in both open field and protected pepper cultivation areas recently. In this work samples collected from highly infected pepper fields in South East Turkey have been determined as Pepper Vein Yellows Virus (PVYV) and Beet Western Yellows Virus (BWYV) (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae). Recombinant PVYV isolates have been observed from intra and interspecific combination in relation to part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region subjected to recombination detection methods. One of the PVYV isolates has induced recombination between BWYV and PVYV and located middle of the PVYV and BWYV isolates. Another isolate recombined from intraspecific combination has been transferred onto pepper genotypes carrying pvr alleles and landraces under both artificial and natural conditions to determine their response. None of the pvr alleles in pepper genotypes used in this study could contribute to resistance to PVYV isolates.
Horticultura Brasileira, 2020
Belonging to the Oomycete class, Phytophthora capsici has wide range of host profile and is respo... more Belonging to the Oomycete class, Phytophthora capsici has wide range of host profile and is responsible for many devastating diseases in many countries. In addition to time consuming problem for transferring resistance to susceptible varieties, backcrossing method causes losing of genes providing resistance to susceptible varieties. In this study transferring P. capsici resistance genes to susceptible chili pepper lines was aimed during the extensive breeding period and resistant lines were confirmed by marker assistance. Two different breeding populations from CM334 and PM217 were compared by stem inoculation test to determine receptivity, inducibility, and stability resistance component. CM334 was found more effective for transferring all resistance components while PM217 was found suitable for keeping agronomic traits along with two important resistance component inducibility and stability. These two resistant components were found highly correlated to length of stem necrosis. C-...
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Papers by Bekir Bülent ARPACI