Elephas pumilio

Elephas pumilio^[1] plures elephantorum species humili statura denotat, quae quidem nunc maxima ex parte exstinctae aevo glaciali variis in insulis progressae sunt. Reductio magnitudinis, quae etiam in aliis mammaliis (ut puta in hippopotamo) observatur, aptatio ad minorem in insula ambitum, cibum tenuiorem et carnivorum absentiam esse videtur.

Ossa elephantis pumilionis ex insula Creta oriunda (*Mammuthus creticus*)

Elephantes insulares Europaei exstincti

In nonnullis insulis Maris Mediterranei Pleistocaeno formae pumiliones vixerunt, quae maxima ex parte ex Elephante antiquo ortae sunt. Praeterea sunt species, quamvis rarius, quae a Mammutho repetunt.

Elephas falconeri (sive elephas pumilio Siculus), ex quo elephas mnaidriensis (sive elephas melitensis) progressus est.^[2]^[3]
Elephas tiliensis in insula Telo vixit, species propinquae aliis in insulis Aegaei maris.^[4] Utrum in picturis muralibus Aegypti antiquae tales elephantes pumiliones depicti sint, disputatur.^[5] Ossa capitis elephantum pumilionum forsitan ad Cyclopum fabulam nascendam contulerunt, quod elephantes media in fronte unam narem habent, quae perperam oculus interpretari potest.^[6]
Elephas cypriotes
Mammuthus lamarmorai Sardiniae.^[7]
Mammuthus creticus, quae est species minima nota.^[8]

Aliae species exstinctae

Mammuthus primigenius in Oceano arctico.^[9]^[10]
Mammuthus exilis in insulis ante litus Californiae meridianae sitis.^[11]
Elephas celebensis in Celebi

Species recentes

Elephas pumilio nomine Elephas maximus borneensis, qui in insula Borneo vivit, sub-species est Elephantis maximi.
Praeterea de elephante pumilione Africano nomine "Loxodonta pumilio", num in silva pluviali Africae re vera sit, disputatur.^[12]

Bibliographia

Jordi Augusti: Mammoths, Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe. Columbia University Press, Novi Eboraci et al. 2002, ISBN 0-231-11640-3
Erich Thenius: Grundzüge der Faunen- und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Säugetiere. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgardiae 1980, ISBN 3-437-30312-0
Harald Gebhardt und Mario Ludwig: Von Drachen, Yetis und Vampiren - Fabeltieren auf der Spur. Domus editoria BLV-Verlag, Monaci, 2005, ISBN 3-405-16679-9

Notae

↑ Appellatio sequitur Noack, qui anno 1906 speciem "Loxodonta pumilio" postulavit, vide infra.
↑ Maria Rita Palombo: Elephants in miniature. In: Harald Meller (ed.): Elefantenreich – Eine Fossilwelt in Europa. Halle/Saale, 2010, p. 275–295
↑ Lucia Caloi, Tassos Kotsakis / Maria Rita Palombo / Carmelio Petronio: The Pleistocene dwarf elephants of Mediterranean islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci, Tokii, 1996, p. 234-239
↑ G. E. Theodorou: Die fossilen Zwergelefanten der Höhle „Charkadio“ auf der Insel Tilos, Athenis 1983 (= Dissertatio).
↑ Baruch Rosen: „Mammoths in ancient Egypt?“, in: Nature 369, 1994, p. 364-365.
↑ Hans Dietrich Kahlke: Das Eiszeitalter. Lipsiae et al. 1981
↑ R. Melis / Maria Rita Palombo / M. Mussi: Mammuthus lamarmorae (Major, 1883) remains in the pre-Tyrrhenian deposits of San Giovanni in Sinis (Western Sardinia, Italy). In: G. Cavarretta et al. (ed.): The World of Elephants – International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Romae, 2001, p. 481–485
↑ Victoria L. Herridge / Adrian M. Lister: Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth. Proceedings of the Royal Society series B 2012 doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0671
↑ Adrian M. Lister: Mammoths in miniature. Nature 362, 1993, S. 288-289
↑ J. M. Enk, D. R. Yesner, K. J. Crossen, D. W. Veltre und D. H. O’Rourke: Phylogeographic Analysis of the mid-Holocene Mammoth from Qagnax Cave, St. Paul Island, Alaska. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 273 (1-2), 2009, p. 184-190
↑ V. Louise Roth: Pleistocene dwarf elephants from the California Islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae et al. 1996, p. 249–253
↑ Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)) - 2003

Nexus externi

Indicia de elephantis pumilionibus

[1] Appellatio sequitur Noack, qui anno 1906 speciem "Loxodonta pumilio" postulavit, vide infra.

[2] Maria Rita Palombo: Elephants in miniature. In: Harald Meller (ed.): Elefantenreich – Eine Fossilwelt in Europa. Halle/Saale, 2010, p. 275–295

[3] Lucia Caloi, Tassos Kotsakis / Maria Rita Palombo / Carmelio Petronio: The Pleistocene dwarf elephants of Mediterranean islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci, Tokii, 1996, p. 234-239

[4] G. E. Theodorou: Die fossilen Zwergelefanten der Höhle „Charkadio“ auf der Insel Tilos, Athenis 1983 (= Dissertatio).

[5] Baruch Rosen: „Mammoths in ancient Egypt?“, in: Nature 369, 1994, p. 364-365.

[6] Hans Dietrich Kahlke: Das Eiszeitalter. Lipsiae et al. 1981

[7] R. Melis / Maria Rita Palombo / M. Mussi: Mammuthus lamarmorae (Major, 1883) remains in the pre-Tyrrhenian deposits of San Giovanni in Sinis (Western Sardinia, Italy). In: G. Cavarretta et al. (ed.): The World of Elephants – International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Romae, 2001, p. 481–485

[8] Victoria L. Herridge / Adrian M. Lister: Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth. Proceedings of the Royal Society series B 2012 doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0671

[9] Adrian M. Lister: Mammoths in miniature. Nature 362, 1993, S. 288-289

[10] J. M. Enk, D. R. Yesner, K. J. Crossen, D. W. Veltre und D. H. O’Rourke: Phylogeographic Analysis of the mid-Holocene Mammoth from Qagnax Cave, St. Paul Island, Alaska. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 273 (1-2), 2009, p. 184-190

[11] V. Louise Roth: Pleistocene dwarf elephants from the California Islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae et al. 1996, p. 249–253

[12] Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)) - 2003

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