Athena

Vide etiam paginam fere homonymam: Athenae.

Athena

Athena (Graece Ἀθηναία), epitheto Pallade (Graece Παλλάς) saepe ornata, in mythologia Graeca est virgo et dea quae cum sapientia, artibus technicis, belloque consociatur, et deinde cum Minerva dea Romana syncretizata est. Athena habebatur patronus et custos variarum urbium in Graecia, praecipue Athenarum, ex qua veri simile est eam appellatam esse. Parthenon in Acropoli Athenarum ei dicatur. Sua signa maximi momenti sunt strigiformes, arbores oleae europaeae, angues, et Gorgoneion. In arte oculorum, cassem gerens hastamque tenens plerumque pingitur.

Fabulae

Metidis et Iovis filia narrabatur, cuius ex capite viva orta esset. Nam primam uxorem Metin Iuppiter voraverat quia nisi praecavisset fatum erat ex ea filium ipso potentiorem naturum qui in eius locum regnaret.

Athena etiam callida heroum comes est. In Iliade et Odyssea Diomedem (atque iam eius patrem Tydeum) et Achillem et Ulixem et Telemachum in primis diligit. Nam postquam pastor Idaeus Paris formositatis pomum Aphroditae dedit Troianis infestissima exstitit atque Achaeorum causam apud patrem pertinaciter egit. In operibus posterioribus etiam Herculi, Perseo, Bellerophonti, Iasoni et Argonautis adstat. In poesi epica epitheta deae maxime vulgata sunt γλαυκῶπις et Τριτογένεια.

In mytho originum Athenarum, oleam creando Neptunum vicit in pugna pro patrocinio oppidi. Tamen Dea virgo dicebatur. Fuit mythus archaevus Atticus, Deum Hephaestum eam frustra raptare conatum esse. E semine in terram deiecto Gaea Erichthonium creavit.

Nexus interni

• Aten
• Athene noctua (symbolum Athenae)
• 881 Athene

Bibliographia operum hodiernorum

Athena adstante Iason e dracone exit.

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• Alexander, Timothy Jay (2007), The Gods of Reason: An Authentic Theology for Modern Hellenismos (First ed.), Lulu Press, Inc., ISBN 978-1-4303-2763-9 
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Lugduni Batavorum et Bostoniae: Brill 
• Bell, Robert E. (1993), Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary, Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195079777 
• Bernal, Martin (1987), Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, Novi Brunsvici: Rutgers University Press, pp. 21, 51 ff 
• Berlinerblau, Jacques (1999), Heresy in the University: The Black Athena Controversy and the Responsibilities of American Intellectuals, Novi Brunsvici: Rutgers University Press, p. 93ff, ISBN 9780813525884 
• Best, Jan (1989), Fred Woudhuizen, ed., Lost Languages from the Mediterranean, Leiden in Germania et al.: Brill, p. 30, ISBN 978-9004089341 
• Brown, Jane K. (2007), The Persistence of Allegory: Drama and Neoclassicism from Shakespeare to Wagner, Philadelphiae: University of Penssylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-3966-9 
• Bull, Malcolm (2005), The Mirror of the Gods: How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods, Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-521923-4 
• Burgess, Jonathan S. (2001), The Tradition of the Trojan War in Homer and the Epic Cycle, Baltimorae=The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-6652-4 
• Burkert, Walter (1985), Greek Religion, Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-36281-9 
• Burn, Lucilla (2004), Hellenistic Art: From Alexander the Great to Augustus, Londinii: The British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-89236-776-4 
• Chadwick, John (1976), The Mycenaean World, Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29037-1 
• Darmon, Jean-Pierre (1992), Wendy Doniger, ed., The Powers of War: Athena and Ares in Greek Mythology, Sicagi: University of Chicago Press 
• Deacy, Susan; Villing, Alexandra (2001), Athena in the Classical World, Lugduni Batavorum: Koninklijke Brill NV 
• Deacy, Susan (2008), Athena, Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-30066-7 
• de Jong, Irene J. F. (2001), A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey, Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-46844-2 
• Edmunds, Lowell (1990), Approaches to Greek Myth, Baltimorae: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-3864-4 
• Friedman, Sarah (2005), Bryn Mawr College Off the Record, College Prowler, ISBN 978-1-59658-018-3 
• Fritze, Ronald H. (2009), Invented Knowledge: False History, Fake Science and Pseudo-Religions, Londinii: Reaktion Books, ISBN 978-1-86189-430-4 
• Fururmark, A. (1978), "The Thera Catastrophe-Consequences for the European Civilization", Thera and the Aegean World I (Londinii: Cambridge University Press) 
• Gantz, Timothy. 1996. Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Baltfimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2voll. ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (vol. 2).
• Gallagher, Ann-Marie (2005), The Wicca Bible: The Definitive Guide to Magic and the Craft, Novi Eboraci: Sterling Publishing Company, ISBN 978-1-4027-3008-5 
• Garland, Robert (2008), Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization, Novi Eboraci: Sterling, ISBN 978-1-4549-0908-8 
• Goldhill, S. (1986), Reading Greek Tragedy (Aesch.Eum.737), Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press 
• Graves, Robert (1960), The Greek Myths, Londinii: Penguin, ISBN 978-0241952740 
• Hansen, William F. (2004), "Athena (also Athenê and Athenaia) (Roman Minerva)", Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans, Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, pp. 121–126, ISBN 978-0-19-530035-2 
• Harries, Byron (1990), "The spinner and the poet: Arachne in Ovid's Metamorphoses", The Cambridge Classical Journal (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press) 36: 64–82 
• Harrison, Jane Ellen. 1903. Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion.
• Herrington, C. J. (1955), Athena Parthenos and Athena Polias, Mancuniae: Manchester University Press 
• Hubbard, Thomas K. (1986), Tarrant, R. J., ed., Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 90, Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-37937-4 
• Hurwit, Jeffrey M. (1999), The Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology, and Archaeology from the Neolithic Era to the Present, Cangtabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-41786-0 
• Janda, Michael (2005), Elysion. Entstehung und Entwicklung der griechischen Religion, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen, ISBN 9783851247022 
• Jasanoff, Jay H.; Nussbaum, Alan (1996), Mary R. Lefkowitz; Guy MacLean Rogers, eds., Black Athena Revisited, The University of North Carolina Press, p. 194, ISBN 9780807845554 
• Jenkyns, Richard (2016), Classical Literature: An Epic Journey from Homer to Virgil and Beyond, Novi Eboraci: Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group, ISBN 978-0-465-09797-5 
• Johrens, Gerhard (1981), Der Athenahymnus des Ailios Aristeides, Bonnae: Habelt, pp. 438–452, ISBN 9783774918504 
• Jost, Madeleine (1996), "Arcadian cults and myths", in Hornblower, Simon, Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxoniae: Oxford University Press 
• Kerényi, Karl (1951), The Gods of the Greeks, Londinii: Thames and Hudson, ISBN 978-0-500-27048-6 
• Kerényi, Karl (1952), Die Jungfrau und Mutter der griechischen Religion. Eine Studie uber Pallas Athene, Turici: Rhein Verlag 
• Kinsley, David (1989), The Goddesses' Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West, Albaniae Novi Eboraci: New York State University Press, ISBN 978-0-88706-836-2 
• Kugelmann, Robert (1983), The Windows of Soul: Psychological Physiology of the Human Eye and Primary Glaucoma, Plainsboro Novae Caesareae: Associated University Presses, ISBN 978-0-8387-5035-3 
• L. Day, Peggy (1999), "Anat", in Toorn, Karel van der; Becking, Bob; Horst, Pieter Willem van der, Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ed. secunda, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, pp. 36–39 
• Leach, Eleanor Winsor (Ianuarius 1974), "Ekphrasis and the Theme of Artistic Failure in Ovid's Metamorphoses", Ramus (Cantgabrigiae: Cambridge University Press) 3 (2): 102–142 
• Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006), Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Londinii: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2 
• Morford, Mark P. O.; Lenardon, Robert J. (1999), Classical Mythology (sixth ed.), Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-514338-6 
• Murrin, Michael (Ver 2007), "Athena and Telemachus", International Journal of the Classical Tradition (Berolini: Springer) 13 (4): 499–514 
• Mylonas, G. (1966), Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age, Princetoniae Novae Caesareae: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0691035239 
• Nilsson, Martin Persson (1950), The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion (second ed.), New York: Biblo & Tannen, ISBN 978-0-8196-0273-2 
• Nilsson, Martin Persson (1967), Die Geschichte der griechischen Religion, München, Germany: C. F. Beck 
• Norton, Elizabeth (2013), Aspects of Ecphrastic Technique in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4438-4271-6 
• Oldenburg, Ulf (1969), The Conflict Between El and Ba'al in Canaanite Religion, Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill 
• Personal Styles in Greek Sculpture, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-521-65738-9 
• Palaima, Thomas (2004), Trzaskoma, Stephen, ed., Anthology of Classical Myth: Primary Sources in Translation, Hackett 
• Penglase, Charles (1994), Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod, New York City, New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-15706-3 
• Phinney, Edward, Jr. (1971), "Perseus' Battle with the Gorgons", Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press) 102: 445–463 
• Pilafidis-Williams, K. (1998), The Sanctuary of Aphaia on Aigina in the Bronze Age, Munich, Germany: Hirmer, ISBN 978-3-7774-8010-7 
• Poehlmann, Egert (2017), "Aristotle on Music and Theatre (Politics VIII 6. 1340 b 20 - 1342 b 34; Poetics)", in Fountoulakis, Andreas; Markantonatos, Andreas; Vasilaros, Georgios, Theatre World: Critical Perspectives on Greek Tragedy and Comedy. Studies in Honour of Georgia Xanthakis-Karamenos, Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-051896-2 
• Pollitt, J. J. (1999), Art and Experience in Classical Greece (revised ed.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-09662-1 
• Powell, Barry B. (2012), "Myths of Aphrodite, Artemis, Athena", Classical Myth (Seventh ed.), Londinii: Pearson, pp. 211–235, ISBN 978-0-205-17607-6 
• Puhvel, Jaan (1987), Comparative Mythology, Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-3938-2 
• Randolph, Adrian W. B. (2002), Engaging Symbols: Gender, Politics, and Public Art in Fifteenth-century Florence, Portu Novo Connecticutae: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09212-7 
• Robertson, Noel (1992), Festivals and Legends: The Formation of Greek Cities in the Light of Public Ritual, Toronti: University of Toronto Press 
• Roman, Luke; Roman, Monica (2010), Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology, Novi Eboraci: Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8160-7242-2 
• Ruck, Carl A. P.; Staples, Danny (1994), The World of Classical Myth: Gods and Goddesses, Heroines and Heroes, Durham Carolinae Septentrionalis: Carolina Academic Press, ISBN 978-0890895757 
• Schaus, Gerald P.; Wenn, Stephen R. (2007), Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games, Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece, 5, Ontarione in Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, ISBN 978-0-88920-505-5 
• Schmitt, P. (2000), Annales: Economies, Societies, Civilisations, Londinii: Thames and Hudson, pp. 1059–1073 
• Seelig, Beth J. (August 2002), "The Rape of Medusa in the Temple of Athena: Aspects of Triangulation in the Girl", The International Journal of Psychoanalysis 83 (4): 895–911 
• Simon, Erika (1983), Festivals of Attica: An Archaeological Commentary, Madisoniae in Visconsinia: The University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 978-0-299-09184-2 
• Swiatek, Anthony; Breen, Walter (1981). The Encyclopedia of United States Silver & Gold Commemorative Coins, 1892 to 1954. Novi Eboraci: Arco Publishing. ISBN 978-0-668-04765-4 
• Telenius, Seppo Sakari. (2005) 2006. Athena-Artemis. Helsinkii: Kirja kerrallaan.
• Trahman, C. R. (1952), "Odysseus' Lies ('Odyssey', Books 13-19)", Phoenix (Classical Association of Canada) 6 (2): 31–43 
• Documents in Mycenaean Greek, Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1973, ISBN 978-1107503410 
• Walcot, P. (Aprilis 1977), "The Judgement of Paris", Greece & Rome (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press) 24 (1): 31–39 
• Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer, Novi Eboraci: Harper&Row Publishers, ISBN 978-0-06-090854-6 
• Yasumura, Noriko (2013), Challenges to the Power of Zeus in Early Greek Poetry, A&C Black, ISBN 9781472519672 

Nexus externi

Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Athenam spectant.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Athenam spectant.

• "Athena." Perseus Project.
• "Athena." Theoi Project.