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Nigeria's underdevelopment is due to the British system of the indirect rule during the colonial ... more Nigeria's underdevelopment is due to the British system of the indirect rule during the colonial era. British colonies under indirect rule had considerably higher levels of ethnic violence during the 1980s to 1990s than French. British colonialism created this force through corrupt 1 political institutions that set the stage for ethnic conflict in Nigeria and Sudan. By comparing Nigeria to Sudan, one can see the colonial similarities between the two which escalated to violence. Both shared similar colonial occupation Nigeria was under British colonial rule while Sudan was under the Anglo-Egyptian rule. Nigeria is divided primarily into two religious groups the Christian south comprising of 70 million people and the Muslim north consisting of 70 million. Before South Sudan's independence from Sudan in 2005, there was the same religious 2 divide. This ethnic fractionalization between both states has had adverse effects on the countries and due to weak political institutions during and after the colonialism it created racial violence. This essay will break down into three sections, the first; it will lay out the history of Sudan and Nigeria to demonstrate the similarities and differences. Second it will argue that British colonialism created weak political institutions that marginalized ethnicities. By marginalizing ethnicities, it created a divide in access to public services specifically education which created ethnic competition and tension. Lastly, the effects of colonialism can be seen through years of ethnic violence which plays a significant role in the economic development of both countries. As Nigeria transitions presidents from Christian to Muslim, it will be interesting to follow Nigeria in the next few years as it attempts to transition from an underdevelopment country to developed country and combat it's internal ethnic conflicts. Matthew Lange, Educations in ethnic violence: identity, educational bubbles, and resource mobilization.(New York: Cambridge University
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Papers by Charlotte Smith
Drafts by Charlotte Smith