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↑ "Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages" . www.turkstat.gov.tr . (тур.) (анг.)
↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab" . hdi.globaldatalab.org . (анг.)
↑ Adrian Room (2003). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic Sights . McFarland. ISBN 9780786418145 . (анг.)
↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 https://www.iznik.bel.tr/sayfa/kardes-sehirler.html