RESUMEN: En un grupo de jóvenes judokas (15 a 22 años), se analizan las relaciones entre los andr... more RESUMEN: En un grupo de jóvenes judokas (15 a 22 años), se analizan las relaciones entre los andrógenos y la conducta agresiva evaluada por dos instrumentos: un autoinforme y un cuestionario cumplimentado por los entrenadores, que presenta correlaciones más consistentes con los valores hormonales. En la muestra estudiada, las relaciones entre hormonas y conducta agresiva son más evidentes entre los sujetos de mayor edad que entre los adolescentes. Este aumento de la conducta agresiva está significativamente relacionado con la edad y con los años de práctica del Judo. Los sujetos de alto nivel competitivo obtienen puntuaciones significativamente mayores que los de nivel más bajo, sugiriendo la influencia de la actividad competitiva sobre la conducta agresiva.
Recent studies suggest that motivations for certain forms of masculine behavior including social ... more Recent studies suggest that motivations for certain forms of masculine behavior including social aggression are mediated by central estrogen receptors. Two studies using antiestrogens in rodent species were performed. Intact male LH rats were given Tamoxifen or vehicle for 4 or 8 days. The three possible pairings were videotaped for 60 min. Intact male OF1 mice were given CI-680 or vehicle over 25 days. Similar pairings were carried out but some CI-680 or vehicle animals were paired with anosmic opponents. Encounters were videotaped for 10 min. In both experiments evidence was obtained that the antiestrogen markedly reduced time allocated to offense. Any variations in defense were a consequence of the level of attack to which animals were subjected. Neither compound greatly influenced the androgen-dependent sex accessory glands. Antiestrogens consequently have potential as antihostility agents in some forms of attack.
Anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers have reported hyperactivity euphoria, and decreased fatigue, ... more Anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers have reported hyperactivity euphoria, and decreased fatigue, among other behavioral effects. It has been suggested that the effects of these substances on the central nervous system are similar to those of psychostimulants; however, the influence of steroids on general locomotor activity in laboratory animals is not well understood, especially how noncastrated male rodents are affected. In this study, spontaneous locomotor activity displayed by gonadally intact male mice submitted to several experimental conditions was analyzed. Different housing conditions (individual or cohabiting with a female), diverse steroids (testosterone propionate, nandrolone decanoate, and a mixture of both steroids) and single or repeated injections were employed. At 24 hours after the injection (after the three last injections in the case of chronic treatment) spontaneous locomotor activity was registered on an activity recorder for one 15-min. period. No effects due t...
The potential influence of the type of opponent used in intermale aggression encounters to assess... more The potential influence of the type of opponent used in intermale aggression encounters to assess the actions of drugs was examined. Two experiments were carried out, one with the antiandrogen Cyproterone Acetate and the other with the antioestrogen CI-680 (both administered every three days over 25 days). In both experiments the antihormone-treated subjects encountered different opponents, namely: a) an antihormone-treated male, b) a non aggressive anosmic male or c) a vehicle-treated male. Vehicle-treated subjects also confronted a vehicle-treated or an anosmic opponent. The behaviour displayed by antihormone-treated subjects varied according to the characteristics of the partner, suggesting that the effects of drugs might be interpreted differently depending on the type of animal employed as an adversary. In fact, some of the apparently contradictory results reported in the literature seem to be consequences of the utilisation of different kinds of opponents. It is concluded that the choice of the opponent is of paramount importance in the study of drug actions on intermale aggression tests and that using more than one type of opponent can provide more complete information about the actions of particular drugs.
The aim of this work was to test the antiaggressive effects of lorazepam and to determine whether... more The aim of this work was to test the antiaggressive effects of lorazepam and to determine whether these effects were mediated by benzodiazepine receptors. In a first experiment, male mice were injected with lorazepam in a range of low doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/kg) or saline solution. In a second experiment, 1 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, and a saline solution were injected before the behavioral test. Results showed that 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam was the only dose that decreased the total duration of threat (P < .01) and social investigation (P < .05) and that 1 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788 had no effects. In the third experiment, animals received two injections: 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam plus 1 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788, 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam plus saline solution, or saline solution plus saline solution. Those treated with lorazepam and saline solution spent less time digging (P < .001), threatening (P < .001), and attacking (P < .05) and more time avoiding the opponent (P < .01) or being immobile (P < .001) than the controls. Ro 15-1788 was successful in completely antagonizing the behavior modulated by lorazepam.
R. REDOLAT ¡BORRA, M. С. CARRASCO POZO Y VM SIMON PEREZ ejemplo, mecamilamina) da lugar a un dete... more R. REDOLAT ¡BORRA, M. С. CARRASCO POZO Y VM SIMON PEREZ ejemplo, mecamilamina) da lugar a un dete-rioro cognitivo significativo y cuantificable así comò a un enlentecimiento del funciona-miento cognitivo tanto en sujetos no fuma-dores como en ...
En la actualidad asistimos a la introducción de las técnicas de mindfulness en la educación, la p... more En la actualidad asistimos a la introducción de las técnicas de mindfulness en la educación, la psicoterapia y en todo el ámbito científico en general. Una de las razones de este auge son los conocimientos proporcionados por las modernas técnicas de investigación neurobiológica. En este trabajo revisamos algunos de los efectos de mindfulness sobre los procesos perceptivos (apertura a la novedad), el estilo afectivo (afecto positivo y aproximación), la inmunidad (incremento) y la empatía (facilitación). Los hallazgos neurobiológicos sugieren que la práctica de mindfulness activa y fortalece diversas regiones cerebrales (especialmente la corteza prefrontal) encargadas de los procesos integradores más específicamente humanos, provocando cambios morfológicos duraderos de la corteza cerebral y en los hábitos mentales. Todos estos hallazgos enriquecen y confluyen en la Neurobiología Interpersonal que, al integrar conocimientos procedentes de campos muy diversos, se está revelando como una...
epresentativa del momento presente; y la conciencia de orden superior, pr iva- tiva de los seres ... more epresentativa del momento presente; y la conciencia de orden superior, pr iva- tiva de los seres humanos y en la que aparece la noción del yo y la memoria simbólica en forma de len - guaje. Se describe, asimismo, la maquinaria neurológica propuesta para sustentar ambos tipos de conciencia y se tratan algunos de los dilemas que sur gen al considerar la relación entre ambas, espe - cialmente entre el lenguaje y la conciencia primaria. Tomando como base el modelo de Edelman, se analizan aspectos cla ve de la conciencia humana como son nuestra potente capacidad modeladora de la realidad, tanto espacial como temporal, y los procesos implicados en la toma de decisiones, así co - mo su posible sustrato neurofisiológico. Por último, se reco ge la nueva hipótesis de Tononi y Edelman (hipótesis del núcleo dinámico) en la que se plantea una explicación de la conciencia en términos de integración y de diferenciación, hipótesis que es capaz de sustentar, a ni vel neurofisiológico, la com - pleji...
RESUMEN: En un grupo de jóvenes judokas (15 a 22 años), se analizan las relaciones entre los andr... more RESUMEN: En un grupo de jóvenes judokas (15 a 22 años), se analizan las relaciones entre los andrógenos y la conducta agresiva evaluada por dos instrumentos: un autoinforme y un cuestionario cumplimentado por los entrenadores, que presenta correlaciones más consistentes con los valores hormonales. En la muestra estudiada, las relaciones entre hormonas y conducta agresiva son más evidentes entre los sujetos de mayor edad que entre los adolescentes. Este aumento de la conducta agresiva está significativamente relacionado con la edad y con los años de práctica del Judo. Los sujetos de alto nivel competitivo obtienen puntuaciones significativamente mayores que los de nivel más bajo, sugiriendo la influencia de la actividad competitiva sobre la conducta agresiva.
Recent studies suggest that motivations for certain forms of masculine behavior including social ... more Recent studies suggest that motivations for certain forms of masculine behavior including social aggression are mediated by central estrogen receptors. Two studies using antiestrogens in rodent species were performed. Intact male LH rats were given Tamoxifen or vehicle for 4 or 8 days. The three possible pairings were videotaped for 60 min. Intact male OF1 mice were given CI-680 or vehicle over 25 days. Similar pairings were carried out but some CI-680 or vehicle animals were paired with anosmic opponents. Encounters were videotaped for 10 min. In both experiments evidence was obtained that the antiestrogen markedly reduced time allocated to offense. Any variations in defense were a consequence of the level of attack to which animals were subjected. Neither compound greatly influenced the androgen-dependent sex accessory glands. Antiestrogens consequently have potential as antihostility agents in some forms of attack.
Anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers have reported hyperactivity euphoria, and decreased fatigue, ... more Anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers have reported hyperactivity euphoria, and decreased fatigue, among other behavioral effects. It has been suggested that the effects of these substances on the central nervous system are similar to those of psychostimulants; however, the influence of steroids on general locomotor activity in laboratory animals is not well understood, especially how noncastrated male rodents are affected. In this study, spontaneous locomotor activity displayed by gonadally intact male mice submitted to several experimental conditions was analyzed. Different housing conditions (individual or cohabiting with a female), diverse steroids (testosterone propionate, nandrolone decanoate, and a mixture of both steroids) and single or repeated injections were employed. At 24 hours after the injection (after the three last injections in the case of chronic treatment) spontaneous locomotor activity was registered on an activity recorder for one 15-min. period. No effects due t...
The potential influence of the type of opponent used in intermale aggression encounters to assess... more The potential influence of the type of opponent used in intermale aggression encounters to assess the actions of drugs was examined. Two experiments were carried out, one with the antiandrogen Cyproterone Acetate and the other with the antioestrogen CI-680 (both administered every three days over 25 days). In both experiments the antihormone-treated subjects encountered different opponents, namely: a) an antihormone-treated male, b) a non aggressive anosmic male or c) a vehicle-treated male. Vehicle-treated subjects also confronted a vehicle-treated or an anosmic opponent. The behaviour displayed by antihormone-treated subjects varied according to the characteristics of the partner, suggesting that the effects of drugs might be interpreted differently depending on the type of animal employed as an adversary. In fact, some of the apparently contradictory results reported in the literature seem to be consequences of the utilisation of different kinds of opponents. It is concluded that the choice of the opponent is of paramount importance in the study of drug actions on intermale aggression tests and that using more than one type of opponent can provide more complete information about the actions of particular drugs.
The aim of this work was to test the antiaggressive effects of lorazepam and to determine whether... more The aim of this work was to test the antiaggressive effects of lorazepam and to determine whether these effects were mediated by benzodiazepine receptors. In a first experiment, male mice were injected with lorazepam in a range of low doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/kg) or saline solution. In a second experiment, 1 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, and a saline solution were injected before the behavioral test. Results showed that 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam was the only dose that decreased the total duration of threat (P < .01) and social investigation (P < .05) and that 1 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788 had no effects. In the third experiment, animals received two injections: 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam plus 1 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788, 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam plus saline solution, or saline solution plus saline solution. Those treated with lorazepam and saline solution spent less time digging (P < .001), threatening (P < .001), and attacking (P < .05) and more time avoiding the opponent (P < .01) or being immobile (P < .001) than the controls. Ro 15-1788 was successful in completely antagonizing the behavior modulated by lorazepam.
R. REDOLAT ¡BORRA, M. С. CARRASCO POZO Y VM SIMON PEREZ ejemplo, mecamilamina) da lugar a un dete... more R. REDOLAT ¡BORRA, M. С. CARRASCO POZO Y VM SIMON PEREZ ejemplo, mecamilamina) da lugar a un dete-rioro cognitivo significativo y cuantificable así comò a un enlentecimiento del funciona-miento cognitivo tanto en sujetos no fuma-dores como en ...
En la actualidad asistimos a la introducción de las técnicas de mindfulness en la educación, la p... more En la actualidad asistimos a la introducción de las técnicas de mindfulness en la educación, la psicoterapia y en todo el ámbito científico en general. Una de las razones de este auge son los conocimientos proporcionados por las modernas técnicas de investigación neurobiológica. En este trabajo revisamos algunos de los efectos de mindfulness sobre los procesos perceptivos (apertura a la novedad), el estilo afectivo (afecto positivo y aproximación), la inmunidad (incremento) y la empatía (facilitación). Los hallazgos neurobiológicos sugieren que la práctica de mindfulness activa y fortalece diversas regiones cerebrales (especialmente la corteza prefrontal) encargadas de los procesos integradores más específicamente humanos, provocando cambios morfológicos duraderos de la corteza cerebral y en los hábitos mentales. Todos estos hallazgos enriquecen y confluyen en la Neurobiología Interpersonal que, al integrar conocimientos procedentes de campos muy diversos, se está revelando como una...
epresentativa del momento presente; y la conciencia de orden superior, pr iva- tiva de los seres ... more epresentativa del momento presente; y la conciencia de orden superior, pr iva- tiva de los seres humanos y en la que aparece la noción del yo y la memoria simbólica en forma de len - guaje. Se describe, asimismo, la maquinaria neurológica propuesta para sustentar ambos tipos de conciencia y se tratan algunos de los dilemas que sur gen al considerar la relación entre ambas, espe - cialmente entre el lenguaje y la conciencia primaria. Tomando como base el modelo de Edelman, se analizan aspectos cla ve de la conciencia humana como son nuestra potente capacidad modeladora de la realidad, tanto espacial como temporal, y los procesos implicados en la toma de decisiones, así co - mo su posible sustrato neurofisiológico. Por último, se reco ge la nueva hipótesis de Tononi y Edelman (hipótesis del núcleo dinámico) en la que se plantea una explicación de la conciencia en términos de integración y de diferenciación, hipótesis que es capaz de sustentar, a ni vel neurofisiológico, la com - pleji...
Uploads
Papers by Vicente Simon