international community is committed to millennium development goals which postulate a vision of ... more international community is committed to millennium development goals which postulate a vision of global development that makes eliminating poverty and sustaining development the overriding objective of global development efforts. In the hierarchy of the MDGs, the first and foremost goal is to reduce by half, between 1990–2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than a dollar a day (a widely used yardstick to measure extreme poverty). However, estimating such poverty across developing countries and globally is by no means a simple exercise nor has it yielded unambiguous results. This article provides a brief summary of the state of the art in global poverty estimates, including the problems as well as the possible solutions.
Zafaralla as well as the anonymous referees and the managing editor of Kyklos for helpful suggest... more Zafaralla as well as the anonymous referees and the managing editor of Kyklos for helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the paper. I have also benefited from the comments of participants of the seminars in the Asian Development Bank, the
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the v... more The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank. The ERD Policy Brief Series is based on papers or notes prepared by ADB staff and their resource persons. The series is designed to provide concise nontechnical accounts of policy issues of topical interest to ADB management, Board of Directors, and staff. Though prepared primarily for internal readership within the ADB, the series may be accessed by interested external readers. Feedback is
The Asian Development Review is published twice a year by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It is... more The Asian Development Review is published twice a year by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It is aimed at encouraging economic research and analysis to bring about a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the development process. It contains discussions on major development issues and results of research carried out by ADB staff and contributions from scholars and specialists concerned with Asian and Pacific affairs. The Review is intended to be accessible to nonspecialist readers and emphasizes policy and operational dimensions rather than technical issues. Articles are subject to rigorous editorial review by referees drawn from the international community of economists and other social scientists. Opinions expressed in the Review are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADB, nor of any institution with which the authors may be associated. ADB is not responsible for the accuracy of data and information included in the publication nor does i...
Part of the Economics Commons This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by th... more Part of the Economics Commons This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Economics at Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Collection School Of Economics by an authorized administrator of Institutional Knowledge
What are the major determinants of green growth? What role can the government play to promote gre... more What are the major determinants of green growth? What role can the government play to promote green growth? To address these questions, this paper develops a simple Green Solow model that sheds light on the role of finance and technology in the process of green growth. The empirical section of the article augments this canonical green growth model to include structural variables relating to finance, technological development, trade openness, natural resource exploitations, and areas where the government can play an important role. In addition, the use of the spatially-corrected generalized method moments approach affords us to explore the role of such factors as growth performance of the neighbouring countries, domestic learning or determination to achieve its national desired target, and political and economic shocks in the process of green growth. It is hoped that research reported in the paper will stimulate further research in the area.
This article provides a select review of data used as indicators of governance. Despite the popul... more This article provides a select review of data used as indicators of governance. Despite the popularity and considerable success of the existing body of governance indicators in putting the spotlight on governance inadequacies in developing countries, they are fraught with a whole host of statistical and measurement issues. It argues that these indicators should be applied with caution, keeping their shortcomings in mind.
The paper addresses the question of how the new information and communication technologies (ICTs)... more The paper addresses the question of how the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) can potentially help reduce poverty in developing countries. Starting with the definition and types of ICTs, the paper discusses a number of instances where various ICTs have been fruitfully applied to improve the welfare of rural people in a number of developing economies. The paper also reviews how ICTs can be an indirect instrument of poverty reduction through their impact on growth. Finally the paper discusses the various factors that influence the adoption of new ICTs and the policies developing countries can adopt to take advantage of the new ICT revolution.
One of the persistent, unresolved controversies of economic development is the effectiveness of d... more One of the persistent, unresolved controversies of economic development is the effectiveness of development assistance – whether foreign aid contributes to economic development. This article argues that this controversy is largely an artefact of a methodology that focuses on the ‘averages’ and pays inadequate attention to the specific characteristics of individual societies. For enhancing aid effectiveness, one needs to discard the one-size-fits-all approach, and adopt a more nuanced, tailor-made strategy based on a comprehensive understanding of specific countries.
Abstract In a recent article AYC Koo [1973] sought to advance a “more general theory of land tena... more Abstract In a recent article AYC Koo [1973] sought to advance a “more general theory of land tenancy” and draw implications for land reform. While his contention that different models of share-tenancy (with conflicting efficiency properties) have different implications for land reform is correct, unfortunately, his mathematical analysis of oligopoly land market is both misleading and erroneous. It is misleading in the sense that it is not (as a close look at the model would verify) an oligopoly model of share-rental determination, which it purports to ...
Abstract The paper argues that appropriate domestic policies—more particularly, the real wage pol... more Abstract The paper argues that appropriate domestic policies—more particularly, the real wage policy that is stressed here—can reduce the extent of foreign dependence of a country. It shows that foreign aid sufficient to achieve a given level of per capita domestic income is positively related to the real wages in an LDC with unemployment. The paper also links the level of real wages and the rate of technical change to the possibilities for self-sufficiency (from foreign aid) in the long run.
Economic development is accompanied by structural change. The trade theoretic literature offers t... more Economic development is accompanied by structural change. The trade theoretic literature offers two major hypotheses–ie, the factor-endowment and the total-factor-productivity--for explaining the stylized facts of structural change. This note revisits these hypotheses. In particular, it explores, with the help of a simple geometric apparatus, the analytical implications of the two hypotheses and draws out their striking similarities. It argues that although the literature has treated these two hypotheses as distinctly different, they are ...
international community is committed to millennium development goals which postulate a vision of ... more international community is committed to millennium development goals which postulate a vision of global development that makes eliminating poverty and sustaining development the overriding objective of global development efforts. In the hierarchy of the MDGs, the first and foremost goal is to reduce by half, between 1990–2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than a dollar a day (a widely used yardstick to measure extreme poverty). However, estimating such poverty across developing countries and globally is by no means a simple exercise nor has it yielded unambiguous results. This article provides a brief summary of the state of the art in global poverty estimates, including the problems as well as the possible solutions.
Zafaralla as well as the anonymous referees and the managing editor of Kyklos for helpful suggest... more Zafaralla as well as the anonymous referees and the managing editor of Kyklos for helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the paper. I have also benefited from the comments of participants of the seminars in the Asian Development Bank, the
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the v... more The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank. The ERD Policy Brief Series is based on papers or notes prepared by ADB staff and their resource persons. The series is designed to provide concise nontechnical accounts of policy issues of topical interest to ADB management, Board of Directors, and staff. Though prepared primarily for internal readership within the ADB, the series may be accessed by interested external readers. Feedback is
The Asian Development Review is published twice a year by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It is... more The Asian Development Review is published twice a year by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It is aimed at encouraging economic research and analysis to bring about a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the development process. It contains discussions on major development issues and results of research carried out by ADB staff and contributions from scholars and specialists concerned with Asian and Pacific affairs. The Review is intended to be accessible to nonspecialist readers and emphasizes policy and operational dimensions rather than technical issues. Articles are subject to rigorous editorial review by referees drawn from the international community of economists and other social scientists. Opinions expressed in the Review are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADB, nor of any institution with which the authors may be associated. ADB is not responsible for the accuracy of data and information included in the publication nor does i...
Part of the Economics Commons This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by th... more Part of the Economics Commons This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Economics at Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Collection School Of Economics by an authorized administrator of Institutional Knowledge
What are the major determinants of green growth? What role can the government play to promote gre... more What are the major determinants of green growth? What role can the government play to promote green growth? To address these questions, this paper develops a simple Green Solow model that sheds light on the role of finance and technology in the process of green growth. The empirical section of the article augments this canonical green growth model to include structural variables relating to finance, technological development, trade openness, natural resource exploitations, and areas where the government can play an important role. In addition, the use of the spatially-corrected generalized method moments approach affords us to explore the role of such factors as growth performance of the neighbouring countries, domestic learning or determination to achieve its national desired target, and political and economic shocks in the process of green growth. It is hoped that research reported in the paper will stimulate further research in the area.
This article provides a select review of data used as indicators of governance. Despite the popul... more This article provides a select review of data used as indicators of governance. Despite the popularity and considerable success of the existing body of governance indicators in putting the spotlight on governance inadequacies in developing countries, they are fraught with a whole host of statistical and measurement issues. It argues that these indicators should be applied with caution, keeping their shortcomings in mind.
The paper addresses the question of how the new information and communication technologies (ICTs)... more The paper addresses the question of how the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) can potentially help reduce poverty in developing countries. Starting with the definition and types of ICTs, the paper discusses a number of instances where various ICTs have been fruitfully applied to improve the welfare of rural people in a number of developing economies. The paper also reviews how ICTs can be an indirect instrument of poverty reduction through their impact on growth. Finally the paper discusses the various factors that influence the adoption of new ICTs and the policies developing countries can adopt to take advantage of the new ICT revolution.
One of the persistent, unresolved controversies of economic development is the effectiveness of d... more One of the persistent, unresolved controversies of economic development is the effectiveness of development assistance – whether foreign aid contributes to economic development. This article argues that this controversy is largely an artefact of a methodology that focuses on the ‘averages’ and pays inadequate attention to the specific characteristics of individual societies. For enhancing aid effectiveness, one needs to discard the one-size-fits-all approach, and adopt a more nuanced, tailor-made strategy based on a comprehensive understanding of specific countries.
Abstract In a recent article AYC Koo [1973] sought to advance a “more general theory of land tena... more Abstract In a recent article AYC Koo [1973] sought to advance a “more general theory of land tenancy” and draw implications for land reform. While his contention that different models of share-tenancy (with conflicting efficiency properties) have different implications for land reform is correct, unfortunately, his mathematical analysis of oligopoly land market is both misleading and erroneous. It is misleading in the sense that it is not (as a close look at the model would verify) an oligopoly model of share-rental determination, which it purports to ...
Abstract The paper argues that appropriate domestic policies—more particularly, the real wage pol... more Abstract The paper argues that appropriate domestic policies—more particularly, the real wage policy that is stressed here—can reduce the extent of foreign dependence of a country. It shows that foreign aid sufficient to achieve a given level of per capita domestic income is positively related to the real wages in an LDC with unemployment. The paper also links the level of real wages and the rate of technical change to the possibilities for self-sufficiency (from foreign aid) in the long run.
Economic development is accompanied by structural change. The trade theoretic literature offers t... more Economic development is accompanied by structural change. The trade theoretic literature offers two major hypotheses–ie, the factor-endowment and the total-factor-productivity--for explaining the stylized facts of structural change. This note revisits these hypotheses. In particular, it explores, with the help of a simple geometric apparatus, the analytical implications of the two hypotheses and draws out their striking similarities. It argues that although the literature has treated these two hypotheses as distinctly different, they are ...
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