P-39 Airacobra
Bell P-39 Airacobra adalah sebuah pesawat pejuang utama buatan Amerika Syarikat yang digunakan pada permulaan Perang Dunia II. Ia merupakan pesawat pejuang pertama dalam sejarah yang menggunakan tiga buah giar pendaratan dan pesawat pertama yang mana enjinnya dipasang di tengah-tengah fiuslaj, di belakang juruterabng.[3] Meskipun begitu, rekabentuk P-39 dicacatkan dengan kekurangan supercas turbo yang cekap, menghadkan kerja aras rendahnya. P-39 telah digunakan dengan kejayaan besar oleh Tentera Udara Soviet, yang mana mendapat jumlah tertinggi dalam kemenangan individu berbanding dengan mana-mana jenis pesawat A.S lain.[4] Pengguna penting lain adalah Perancis Bebas dan Tentera Udara Itali.[5] Bersama-sama dengan pesawat terbitan P-63 Kingcobra, pesawat ini menjadi pesawat kepak kaku yang paling berjaya yang dikilangkan oleh Bell.[6]
| P-39 Airacobra | |
|---|---|
 | |
| USAAF P-39F-1BE 41-7224 c/n 15-563 (7224 ke RFC di Bandar Ponca, OK, 12 Disember 1944)[1] | |
| Peranan | Pesawat pejuang |
| Pengeluar | Bell Aircraft |
| Penerbangan pertama | 6 April 1938 |
| Diperkenalkan | 1941 |
| Status | Dibersarakan |
| Syarikat penerbangan utama | Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat Tentera Udara Soviet Tentera Udara Diraja |
| Dikeluarkan | 1940-Mei 1944 |
| Jumlah dibina | 9,584 |
| Kos unit | AS$ 50,666 pada 1944[2] |
| Variasi | XFL Airabonita P-63 Kingcobra |
Lihat juga
suntingPembangunan berkaitan
Pesawat setanding
Senarai berkaitan
Rujukan
sunting- Nota
- ^ Baugher, Joe. "P-39 Airacobra." Bell P-39 Airacobra. Retrieved: 16 October 2009.
- ^ Army Air Forces Statistical Digest - World War II
- ^ Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 25.
- ^ Note: the P-39 has the highest total number of individual victories attributed to any U.S. fighter type, not kill ratio; Finnish modified Brewster Buffalos had the highest kill ratio.
- ^ Gunston 1980, p. 22.
- ^ Bishop, Chris. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. New York: Orbis Publishing Ltd., 1998. ISBN 0-7607-1022-8.
- Bibliografi
- Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. World Aircraft: World War II, Volume II (Sampson Low Guides). Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, 1978. ISBN 0-562-00096-8.
- Bodie, Warren. The Lockheed P-38 Lightning.[pautan mati kekal] St. Paul, Minnesota: Widewing Publications, 1991. ISBN 0-9629359-5-6.
- Bowers, Peter M. "Airborne Cobra Pt.I". Airpower, Vol. 8, No 6, November 1978.
- Bowers, Peter M. "Airborne Cobra Pt. II". Airpower, Vol.9, No.1, January 1979.
- Brown, Captain Eric. Wings on My Sleeve. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006. ISBN 0-297-84565-9.
- Byk, Gary. The Modeller's Guide to the Bell P-39 Airacobra in RAAF Service. Melbourne, Australia: Red Roo Models Publication, 1997. ISBN 0-646-32869-7.
- Dean, Francis H. America's Hundred Thousand. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1997. ISBN 0-7643-0072-5.
- Dial, Jay Frank. The Bell P-39 Airacobra, Aircraft in Profile no.165. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications. Ltd., 1966 (reprinted 1971). No ISBN.
- "Dimensione Cielo aerei Italiani nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale. (in Italian) Caccia Assalto 3. Roma: Edizioni Bizzarri, 1972.
- Donald, David. "Bell P-39 Airacobra." The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Blitz Editions, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
- Dorr, Robert F. and Jerry C. Scutts. Bell P-39 Airacobra. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd., 2000. ISBN 1-86126-348-1.
- Drabkin, Artem. The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and the Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2007. ISBN 1-84415-563-3.
- Fitzsimons, Bernard. "Airacobra: Bell P-39". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare, Volume 1. New York: Columbia House, 1967. ISBN 0-8393-6175-0.
- Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume 4. London: Macdonald & Co., 6th Edition, 1969. ISBN 0-356-01448-7.
- Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: U. S. Army Air Force Fighters, Part 1. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977. ISBN 0-356-08218-0.
- Gueli, Marco. "Gli Airacobra Italiani" (in Italian). Storia Militare n.132, Sept. 2004.
- Gunston, Bill. Aircraft of World War 2. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1980. ISBN 0-7064-1287-7.
- Hardesty, Von. Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941–1945. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1991 (first edition 1982). ISBN 0-87474-510-1.
- Johnsen, Frederick A. Bell P-39/P-63 Airacobra & Kingcobra. St. Paul, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 1998. ISBN 1-58007-010-8.
- Johnson, Brian and Terry Heffernan. A Most Secret Place: Boscombe Down 1939–45. London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1982. ISBN 0-7106-0203-0
- Juszczak, Artur and Robert Pęczkowski. Bell P-39 Airacobra (in Polish). Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2003. ISBN 83-916327-9-2.
- Kinzey, Bert. P-39 Airacobra in Detail, D&S Vol. 63. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1999. ISBN 1-88897-416-4.
- Loza, Dmitriy and James F. Gebhardt, editor and translator. Attack of the Airacobras: Soviet Aces, American P-39s & the Air War Against Germany. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002. ISBN 0-7006-1140-1.
- Mariinskiy, Evgeniy. Red Star Airacobra: Memoirs of a Soviet Fighter Ace 1941–45. Solihull, UK: Helion and Company, 2006. ISBN 1-874622-78-7.
- Mason, Francis K. Royal Air Force Fighters of World War Two, Volume One. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-85064-012-1.
- Mattioli, Marco. Bell P-39 Airacobra in Italian Service, Aviolibri Special 7 (Bilingual Italian/English). Roma, Italia: IBN Editore, 2003. ISBN 88-86815-85-9.
- McDowell, Ernest. P-39 Airacobra in Action, Aircraft No.43. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1980. ISBN 0-89747-102-4.
- Mellinger, George and John Stanaway. P-39 Airacobra Aces of World War 2. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84176-204-0.
- Mitchell, Rick. Airacobra Advantage: The Flying Cannon. The Complete Story of Bell Aircraft Corporation's P-39 Pursuit Fighter Plane. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1992 (second printing 1995). ISBN 0-929521-62-5.
- Morgan, Hugh. Gli assi Sovietici della Seconda guerra mondiale. (in Italian) Edizioni del Prado/Osprey Aviation, 1999. ISBN 84-8372-203-8
- Park, Edwards. Nanette, Her Pilot's Love Story. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977. (2nd edition 1989). ISBN 0-87474-737-6.
- Pejčoch, Ivo. Bojové Legendy: P-39 Airacobra (in Czech). Prague, Czech Republic: Jan Vašut s.r.o., 2008. ISBN 80-7236-573-9.
- Roman, Valerij. Aerokobry vstupayut v boy ('Airacobras enter combat'), Белл P-400,P-39D-1,P-39D-2("Avia-retro" series 1) (in Ukrainian). Kiev, Ukraine: Aero-Hobby, 1993. ISBN 5-7707-5170-03.
- Roman, Valerij. Aerokobry nad Kuban'yu (Airacobras over Kuban'), P-39 K, L и M ("Avia-retro" series 2) (in Ukrainian). Kiev, Ukraine: Aero-Hobby, 2006. ISBN 0-9780696-0-9.
- Tomalik, Jacek. Bell P-39 Airacobra Cz.1, Monografie Lotnicze 58 (in Polish). Gdańsk, Poland: AJ-Press, 1999. ISBN 83-7237-032-X.
- Tomalik, Jacek. Bell P-63 Kingcobra, XFL-1 Airabonita, P-39 Airacobra Cz.2, Monografie Lotnicze 59 (in Polish). Gdańsk, Poland: AJ-Press, 2001. ISBN 83-7237-034-6.
- United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: P-39 Airacobra. |
- P-39 Airacobra by J Baugher
- XFL-1 Airabonita
- Bell P-39 Airacobra at acepilots.com
- acepilots.com Soviet use more description of the Loza reference and use of P-39 for air superiority
- Aircraft guns of WWII nildram.co.uk Diarkibkan 2011-05-20 di Wayback Machine
- article on technical and operational faults of P-39
- Satu klip filem Flying The P-39, demonstrating techniques for piloting the P-39 Airacobra boleh didapati dengan muat turun percuma di Arkib Internet [more]