Nishanth T
Phone: +919895415281
Address: Senior Research Fellow
Department of Atmospheric Science
Kannur University
Kerala 670 567
Address: Senior Research Fellow
Department of Atmospheric Science
Kannur University
Kerala 670 567
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Papers by Nishanth T
coordinated fireworks display. The influence of these celebrations on the immediate and long-term air
quality and impact on the health and well being of the public needs research. The combustion clouds
contain harmful fumes (sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen) and particulate matter released at the surface.
This study is focused on the influence of fireworks on the air quality at Kannur, India, during Vishu in
April 2010 and 2011. Elevated concentrations of various air pollutants such as O3, NO2, NO and PM10 were
measured during the intense usage of fireworks. Surprisingly, the organic analysis of the Particulate
Matter (PM) samples collected on Vishu day revealed the emission of a variety of hazardous organic
compounds during the fireworks display. One of the unique observations in this work is the nighttime
production of O3 by the photodissociation of NO2 from the flash of firecrackers. The concentration of O3
was observed to increase two fold over the control days of observation during the same month. Moreover,
the concentrations of NO2, and PM10 increased by 100%. The concentration of NO was reduced by
four fold during the event. A scheme based on the organic combustion from fireworks and peroxyl
radical mediation is proposed for the nighttime production of ozone. The diurnal profile of all pollutants
except NO showed higher concentrations starting from the Vishu eve on April 14 to Vishu day on April 15
and this pattern repeated for years 2010 and 2011. The fireworks activities have been increasing every
year and generation of pollutants at their increased levels for short duration can potentially cause
adverse health impacts on a regional scale in a highly populated region.
the selected organs of Labeo rohita and to study the effect of zinc exposure on the biochemical constitutions
of gill tissues of L. rohita by using FT-IR Spectroscopy. The concentration pattern in the organs
reveals that the liver is the prime site of metal binding and muscle accumulates least metal concentration.
The accumulation profile is in the order: liver > gill > kidney > brain > bone > muscle. It has also been
observed that the administration of chelating agent D-Penicillamine (DPA) reduces the zinc concentration
in all tissues more effectively than the administration of the chelating agent Ethylene Diamine Tetra
Acetic acid. The FT-IR spectra reveal that zinc exposure causes significant changes in the biochemical constitutions
of the gill tissues. It causes an alteration in the protein secondary structures by decreasing the
a-helix and increasing the b-sheet contents. Further, it has been observed that the administration of
chelating agent DPA improves the protein and lipid contents in the gill tissues compared to zinc exposed
tissues. This result shows that DPA is the effective chelator of zinc in reducing the body burden of L. rohita
fingerlings. In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggest that zinc exposure causes significant
changes in both lipids and proteins of the gill tissues, and changes the protein profile in favour of b-sheet
structure.
parameters have been made in Kannur (11.9 °N, 75.4 °E, 5 masl), India from November
2009 to October 2010. It was observed that O3 and NOx showed distinct diurnal and seasonal
variabilities at this site. The annual average diurnal profile of O3 showed a peak of (30.3±10.4)
ppbv in the late afternoon and a minimum of (3.2±0.7) ppbv in the early morning. The
maximum value of O3 mixing ratio was observed in winter (44±3.1) ppbv and minimum
during monsoon (18.46±3.5) ppbv. The rate of production of O3 was found to be higher in
December (10.1 ppbv/h) and lower in July (1.8 ppbv/h) during the time interval 0800–1000 h.
A correlation coefficient of 0.52 for the relationship between O3 and [NO2]/[NO] reveals the
role of NO2 photolysis that generates O3 at this site. The correlation between O3 and meteorological
parameters indicate the influence of seasonal changes on O3 production. Investigations
were further extended to explore the week day weekend variations in O3 mixing ratio at an
urban site reveals the enhancement of O3. The variations of O3 mixing ratio with seasonal air
mass flows were elucidated with the aid of backward air trajectories. This study also indicates
how vapor phase organic species present in the ambient air at this location may influence the
complex chemistry involving (VOCs) that enhances the production of O3 at this location.
of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by solar UV
radiation. Subsequently, solar eclipses provide one of the
unique occasions to explore the variations in the photolysis
rate of NO2 and their significant impact on the production
of ozone at a location. This study aims to examine the
diurnal variations in the photodissociation rate coefficient
of NO2, (j(NO2*)), and mixing ratios of surface ozone and
NOX* (NO ? NO2*) during the solar eclipse that occurred
on 15 January 2010 at Kannur (11.9N, 75.4E, 5 m amsl),
a tropical coastal site on the Arabian Sea in South India.
This investigation was carried out on the basis of the
ground level observations of surface ozone and its prominent
precursor NO2*. The j(NO2*) values were estimated
from the observed solar UV-A flux data. A sharp decline in
j(NO2*) and surface ozone was observed during the eclipse
phase because of the decreased efficiency of the ozone
formation from NO2. The NO2* levels were found to
increase during this episode, whereas the NO levels
remained unchanged. The surface ozone concentration was
reduced by 57.5%, whereas, on the other hand, that of
NOX* increased by 62.5% during the solar eclipse. Subsequently
a reduction of *% in the magnitude of j(NO2*)
was found here during the maximum obscuration.
Reductions in solar insolation, air temperature and wind
speed were also observed during the solar eclipse event.
The relative humidity showed a 6.4% decrease during the
eclipse phase, which was a unique observation at this site.
Nitrogen (NOx) present in the ambient air over Kannur University Campus (11.9º N, 75.4º E, 5m), Kerala State,
India from November 2009 to October 2010. The diurnal cycle of surface O3 concentration exhibited a peak in the
afternoon and declined during nighttime on all days of observation. Likewise, the annual average diurnal variation of
O3 mixing ratio showed a minimum of (3.2±0.7) ppbv in the morning and a maximum of (30.3±10.4) ppbv at noon.
The highest mixing ratios of surface O3 observed during winter and summer at this site were 44 ppbv and 33.4 ppbv
respectively and that during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were 18.5 ppbv, and 28 ppbv respectively.
The diurnal profile of NOx
(NO+NO2) showed a peak during the early morning hours and decreased during the
noontime. Correlations between O3 with NO, NO2 and NOx with NO, NO2 has discussed in detailed. The concept of
total oxidant, OX (O3+NO2) has been introduced, and found to vary with the level of NOx. The influence of relative
humidity and temperature on the variation in O3 is discussed. The variations of O3 in different months were elucidated
with the aid of backward air trajectories of CGER-METEX reanalysis data.
coordinated fireworks display. The influence of these celebrations on the immediate and long-term air
quality and impact on the health and well being of the public needs research. The combustion clouds
contain harmful fumes (sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen) and particulate matter released at the surface.
This study is focused on the influence of fireworks on the air quality at Kannur, India, during Vishu in
April 2010 and 2011. Elevated concentrations of various air pollutants such as O3, NO2, NO and PM10 were
measured during the intense usage of fireworks. Surprisingly, the organic analysis of the Particulate
Matter (PM) samples collected on Vishu day revealed the emission of a variety of hazardous organic
compounds during the fireworks display. One of the unique observations in this work is the nighttime
production of O3 by the photodissociation of NO2 from the flash of firecrackers. The concentration of O3
was observed to increase two fold over the control days of observation during the same month. Moreover,
the concentrations of NO2, and PM10 increased by 100%. The concentration of NO was reduced by
four fold during the event. A scheme based on the organic combustion from fireworks and peroxyl
radical mediation is proposed for the nighttime production of ozone. The diurnal profile of all pollutants
except NO showed higher concentrations starting from the Vishu eve on April 14 to Vishu day on April 15
and this pattern repeated for years 2010 and 2011. The fireworks activities have been increasing every
year and generation of pollutants at their increased levels for short duration can potentially cause
adverse health impacts on a regional scale in a highly populated region.
the selected organs of Labeo rohita and to study the effect of zinc exposure on the biochemical constitutions
of gill tissues of L. rohita by using FT-IR Spectroscopy. The concentration pattern in the organs
reveals that the liver is the prime site of metal binding and muscle accumulates least metal concentration.
The accumulation profile is in the order: liver > gill > kidney > brain > bone > muscle. It has also been
observed that the administration of chelating agent D-Penicillamine (DPA) reduces the zinc concentration
in all tissues more effectively than the administration of the chelating agent Ethylene Diamine Tetra
Acetic acid. The FT-IR spectra reveal that zinc exposure causes significant changes in the biochemical constitutions
of the gill tissues. It causes an alteration in the protein secondary structures by decreasing the
a-helix and increasing the b-sheet contents. Further, it has been observed that the administration of
chelating agent DPA improves the protein and lipid contents in the gill tissues compared to zinc exposed
tissues. This result shows that DPA is the effective chelator of zinc in reducing the body burden of L. rohita
fingerlings. In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggest that zinc exposure causes significant
changes in both lipids and proteins of the gill tissues, and changes the protein profile in favour of b-sheet
structure.
parameters have been made in Kannur (11.9 °N, 75.4 °E, 5 masl), India from November
2009 to October 2010. It was observed that O3 and NOx showed distinct diurnal and seasonal
variabilities at this site. The annual average diurnal profile of O3 showed a peak of (30.3±10.4)
ppbv in the late afternoon and a minimum of (3.2±0.7) ppbv in the early morning. The
maximum value of O3 mixing ratio was observed in winter (44±3.1) ppbv and minimum
during monsoon (18.46±3.5) ppbv. The rate of production of O3 was found to be higher in
December (10.1 ppbv/h) and lower in July (1.8 ppbv/h) during the time interval 0800–1000 h.
A correlation coefficient of 0.52 for the relationship between O3 and [NO2]/[NO] reveals the
role of NO2 photolysis that generates O3 at this site. The correlation between O3 and meteorological
parameters indicate the influence of seasonal changes on O3 production. Investigations
were further extended to explore the week day weekend variations in O3 mixing ratio at an
urban site reveals the enhancement of O3. The variations of O3 mixing ratio with seasonal air
mass flows were elucidated with the aid of backward air trajectories. This study also indicates
how vapor phase organic species present in the ambient air at this location may influence the
complex chemistry involving (VOCs) that enhances the production of O3 at this location.
of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by solar UV
radiation. Subsequently, solar eclipses provide one of the
unique occasions to explore the variations in the photolysis
rate of NO2 and their significant impact on the production
of ozone at a location. This study aims to examine the
diurnal variations in the photodissociation rate coefficient
of NO2, (j(NO2*)), and mixing ratios of surface ozone and
NOX* (NO ? NO2*) during the solar eclipse that occurred
on 15 January 2010 at Kannur (11.9N, 75.4E, 5 m amsl),
a tropical coastal site on the Arabian Sea in South India.
This investigation was carried out on the basis of the
ground level observations of surface ozone and its prominent
precursor NO2*. The j(NO2*) values were estimated
from the observed solar UV-A flux data. A sharp decline in
j(NO2*) and surface ozone was observed during the eclipse
phase because of the decreased efficiency of the ozone
formation from NO2. The NO2* levels were found to
increase during this episode, whereas the NO levels
remained unchanged. The surface ozone concentration was
reduced by 57.5%, whereas, on the other hand, that of
NOX* increased by 62.5% during the solar eclipse. Subsequently
a reduction of *% in the magnitude of j(NO2*)
was found here during the maximum obscuration.
Reductions in solar insolation, air temperature and wind
speed were also observed during the solar eclipse event.
The relative humidity showed a 6.4% decrease during the
eclipse phase, which was a unique observation at this site.
Nitrogen (NOx) present in the ambient air over Kannur University Campus (11.9º N, 75.4º E, 5m), Kerala State,
India from November 2009 to October 2010. The diurnal cycle of surface O3 concentration exhibited a peak in the
afternoon and declined during nighttime on all days of observation. Likewise, the annual average diurnal variation of
O3 mixing ratio showed a minimum of (3.2±0.7) ppbv in the morning and a maximum of (30.3±10.4) ppbv at noon.
The highest mixing ratios of surface O3 observed during winter and summer at this site were 44 ppbv and 33.4 ppbv
respectively and that during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were 18.5 ppbv, and 28 ppbv respectively.
The diurnal profile of NOx
(NO+NO2) showed a peak during the early morning hours and decreased during the
noontime. Correlations between O3 with NO, NO2 and NOx with NO, NO2 has discussed in detailed. The concept of
total oxidant, OX (O3+NO2) has been introduced, and found to vary with the level of NOx. The influence of relative
humidity and temperature on the variation in O3 is discussed. The variations of O3 in different months were elucidated
with the aid of backward air trajectories of CGER-METEX reanalysis data.