सामग्रीमा जानुहोस्

"वायु प्रदूषण" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर

विकिपिडिया, एक स्वतन्त्र विश्वकोशबाट
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पङ्क्ति १४: पङ्क्ति १४:


==== स्थिर स्रोत: ====
==== स्थिर स्रोत: ====
** [[जिवास्म इन्धन]] संचालित पावर प्लान्ट र बायोमास पावर प्लान्ट <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perera |first=Frederica |date=2017-12-23 |title=Pollution from Fossil-Fuel Combustion is the Leading Environmental Threat to Global Pediatric Health and Equity: Solutions Exist |journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]] |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=16 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15010016 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=5800116 |pmid=29295510 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
** [[जिवास्म इन्धन]] संचालित पावर प्लान्ट र बायोमास पावर प्लान्ट। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perera |first=Frederica |date=2017-12-23 |title=Pollution from Fossil-Fuel Combustion is the Leading Environmental Threat to Global Pediatric Health and Equity: Solutions Exist |journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]] |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=16 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15010016 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=5800116 |pmid=29295510 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*** तेल तथा ग्यास साइट जहाँ मिथेन चुहावट हुन्छ <ref>{{cite web |title=Mapping methane emissions on a global scale |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203174735/https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale |archive-date=3 February 2022 |publisher=ESA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683|title=Climate change: Satellites map huge methane plumes from oil and gas|date=4 February 2022|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/02/03/cracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find/|title=Cracking down on methane 'ultra emitters' is a quick way to combat climate change, researchers find|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lauvaux |first1=T. |last2=Giron |first2=C. |last3=Mazzolini |first3=M. |last4=d'Aspremont |first4=A. |last5=Duren |first5=R. |last6=Cusworth |first6=D. |last7=Shindell |first7=D. |last8=Ciais |first8=P. |date=4 February 2022 |title=Global assessment of oil and gas methane ultra-emitters |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj4351 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=375 |issue=6580 |pages=557–561 |arxiv=2105.06387 |bibcode=2022Sci...375..557L |doi=10.1126/science.abj4351 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=35113691 |s2cid=246530897 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*** तेल तथा ग्यास साइट जहाँ मिथेन चुहावट हुन्छ <ref>{{cite web |title=Mapping methane emissions on a global scale |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203174735/https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale |archive-date=3 February 2022 |publisher=ESA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683|title=Climate change: Satellites map huge methane plumes from oil and gas|date=4 February 2022|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/02/03/cracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find/|title=Cracking down on methane 'ultra emitters' is a quick way to combat climate change, researchers find|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lauvaux |first1=T. |last2=Giron |first2=C. |last3=Mazzolini |first3=M. |last4=d'Aspremont |first4=A. |last5=Duren |first5=R. |last6=Cusworth |first6=D. |last7=Shindell |first7=D. |last8=Ciais |first8=P. |date=4 February 2022 |title=Global assessment of oil and gas methane ultra-emitters |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj4351 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=375 |issue=6580 |pages=557–561 |arxiv=2105.06387 |bibcode=2022Sci...375..557L |doi=10.1126/science.abj4351 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=35113691 |s2cid=246530897 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
** परम्परागत बायोमास जस्तै काठ, कृषी अवशेष र [[गुइँठा]] बाल्नु. (गरिव तथा विकाशशील राष्ट्रहरूमा,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rentschler |first1=Jun |last2=Leonova |first2=Nadezda |date=2023 |title=Global air pollution exposure and poverty |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4432 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4432R |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39797-4 |pmc=10363163 |pmid=37481598 |doi-access=free}}</ref> परम्परागत बायोमास बाल्नु वायु प्रदुषकको मुख्य स्रोत हो।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pennise |first1=David |last2=Smith |first2=Kirk |title=Biomass Pollution Basics |url=https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709001603/http://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2012 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Indoor air pollution and household energy |url=https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] and UNEP}}</ref> It is also the main source of particulate pollution in many developed areas including the UK & New South Wales.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hawkes |first1=N. |date=22 May 2015 |title=Air pollution in UK: the public health problem that won't go away |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=350 |issue=may22 1 |pages=h2757 |doi=10.1136/bmj.h2757 |pmid=26001592 |s2cid=40717317}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Wood burning heaters and your health - Fact sheets |url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/factsheets/Pages/wood-smoke.aspx |website=www.health.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> Its pollutants include [[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon|PAHs]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tsiodra |first1=Irini |last2=Grivas |first2=Georgios |last3=Tavernaraki |first3=Kalliopi |last4=Bougiatioti |first4=Aikaterini |last5=Apostolaki |first5=Maria |last6=Paraskevopoulou |first6=Despina |last7=Gogou |first7=Alexandra |last8=Parinos |first8=Constantine |last9=Oikonomou |first9=Konstantina |last10=Tsagkaraki |first10=Maria |last11=Zarmpas |first11=Pavlos |last12=Nenes |first12=Athanasios |last13=Mihalopoulos |first13=Nikolaos |date=7 December 2021 |title=Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes |journal=[[Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics]] |language=English |volume=21 |issue=23 |pages=17865–17883 |bibcode=2021ACP....2117865T |doi=10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021 |issn=1680-7316 |s2cid=245103794 |doi-access=free}}</ref>)
** परम्परागत बायोमास जस्तै काठ, कृषी अवशेष र [[गुइँठा]] बाल्नु. (गरिव तथा विकाशशील राष्ट्रहरूमा,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rentschler |first1=Jun |last2=Leonova |first2=Nadezda |date=2023 |title=Global air pollution exposure and poverty |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4432 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4432R |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39797-4 |pmc=10363163 |pmid=37481598 |doi-access=free}}</ref> परम्परागत बायोमास बाल्नु वायु प्रदुषकको मुख्य स्रोत हो।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pennise |first1=David |last2=Smith |first2=Kirk |title=Biomass Pollution Basics |url=https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709001603/http://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2012 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Indoor air pollution and household energy |url=https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] and UNEP}}</ref> It is also the main source of particulate pollution in many developed areas including the UK & New South Wales.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hawkes |first1=N. |date=22 May 2015 |title=Air pollution in UK: the public health problem that won't go away |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=350 |issue=may22 1 |pages=h2757 |doi=10.1136/bmj.h2757 |pmid=26001592 |s2cid=40717317}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Wood burning heaters and your health - Fact sheets |url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/factsheets/Pages/wood-smoke.aspx |website=www.health.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> Its pollutants include [[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon|PAHs]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tsiodra |first1=Irini |last2=Grivas |first2=Georgios |last3=Tavernaraki |first3=Kalliopi |last4=Bougiatioti |first4=Aikaterini |last5=Apostolaki |first5=Maria |last6=Paraskevopoulou |first6=Despina |last7=Gogou |first7=Alexandra |last8=Parinos |first8=Constantine |last9=Oikonomou |first9=Konstantina |last10=Tsagkaraki |first10=Maria |last11=Zarmpas |first11=Pavlos |last12=Nenes |first12=Athanasios |last13=Mihalopoulos |first13=Nikolaos |date=7 December 2021 |title=Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes |journal=[[Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics]] |language=English |volume=21 |issue=23 |pages=17865–17883 |bibcode=2021ACP....2117865T |doi=10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021 |issn=1680-7316 |s2cid=245103794 |doi-access=free}}</ref>)
पङ्क्ति २४: पङ्क्ति २४:


==== चल स्रोत वा अस्थिर स्रोत : ====
==== चल स्रोत वा अस्थिर स्रोत : ====
* ** चल स्रोतमा मोटर गाडी हरू पर्दछन् [[Mobile source air pollution|Mobile sources]] include [[Roadway air dispersion modeling|motor vehicles]], Trains (particularly [[Diesel locomotive|diesel locomotives]] and [[Diesel multiple unit|DMUs]]), marine vessels and aircraft<ref>{{cite web |date=15 December 2021 |title=Overview of Air Pollution from Transportation |url=https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/overview-air-pollution-transportation |access-date=16 June 2022 |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> as well as [[Rocket|rockets]] and re-entry of components and [[Space debris|debris]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ryan |first1=Robert G. |last2=Marais |first2=Eloise A. |last3=Balhatchet |first3=Chloe J. |last4=Eastham |first4=Sebastian D. |date=June 2022 |title=Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate |journal=[[Earth's Future]] |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=e2021EF002612 |bibcode=2022EaFut..1002612R |doi=10.1029/2021EF002612 |issn=2328-4277 |pmc=9287058 |pmid=35865359}}</ref> The [[Effects of the car on societies#Public or external costs|air pollution externality of cars]] enters the air from the [[exhaust gas]] and car tires (including [[microplastics]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/world/atmospheric-plastics-study-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html|title=Microplastics in our air 'spiral the globe' in a cycle of pollution, study finds|last1=Yeung|first1=Jessie|access-date=4 August 2022|website=CNN}}</ref>). Road vehicles make a significant amount of all air pollution (typically, for example, around a third to a half of all nitrogen dioxide emissions)<ref name="pmid31143547">{{cite journal |author=Wang J, Wu Q, Liu J, Yang H, Yin M, Chen S |display-authors=etal |year=2019 |title=Vehicle emission and atmospheric pollution in China: problems, progress, and prospects. |journal=PeerJ |volume=7 |issue= |pages=e6932 |doi=10.7717/peerj.6932 |pmc=6526014 |pmid=31143547 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Air Quality Expert Group|author1-link=Air Quality Expert Group|title=Nitrogen Dioxide in the United Kingdom|date=2004|publisher=Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|url=https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/library/assets/documents/reports/aqeg/nitrogen_dioxide_in_the_UK-summary.pdf|access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="pmid26142107">{{cite journal |author=Aggarwal P, Jain S |year=2015 |title=Impact of air pollutants from surface transport sources on human health: A modeling and epidemiological approach. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26142107 |journal=Environ Int |volume=83 |issue= |pages=146–57 |bibcode=2015EnInt..83..146A |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.010 |pmc= |pmid=26142107}}</ref> and are a major driver of [[climate change]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA GISS: NASA News & Feature Releases:Road Transportation Emerges as Key Driver of Warming |url=https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20100218a/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=www.giss.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Car Emissions & Global Warming {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/car-emissions-global-warming |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=www.ucsusa.org}}</ref>
* ** चल स्रोतमा [[मोटरगाडी|मोटर गाडी]], [[रेल यातायात|रेल]] (मुख्यतः डिजेल लोकोमोतिब ), मारिन भेसल र हवाईजहाजहरू <ref>{{cite web |date=15 December 2021 |title=Overview of Air Pollution from Transportation |url=https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/overview-air-pollution-transportation |access-date=16 June 2022 |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> साथ साथै रकेट यसका अंगहरू [[अन्तरिक्ष फोहोर|फोहोर]] <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ryan |first1=Robert G. |last2=Marais |first2=Eloise A. |last3=Balhatchet |first3=Chloe J. |last4=Eastham |first4=Sebastian D. |date=June 2022 |title=Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate |journal=[[Earth's Future]] |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=e2021EF002612 |bibcode=2022EaFut..1002612R |doi=10.1029/2021EF002612 |issn=2328-4277 |pmc=9287058 |pmid=35865359}}</ref> पर्दछन् । The [[Effects of the car on societies#Public or external costs|air pollution externality of cars]] enters the air from the [[exhaust gas]] and car tires (including [[microplastics]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/world/atmospheric-plastics-study-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html|title=Microplastics in our air 'spiral the globe' in a cycle of pollution, study finds|last1=Yeung|first1=Jessie|access-date=4 August 2022|website=CNN}}</ref>). Road vehicles make a significant amount of all air pollution (typically, for example, around a third to a half of all nitrogen dioxide emissions)<ref name="pmid31143547">{{cite journal |author=Wang J, Wu Q, Liu J, Yang H, Yin M, Chen S |display-authors=etal |year=2019 |title=Vehicle emission and atmospheric pollution in China: problems, progress, and prospects. |journal=PeerJ |volume=7 |issue= |pages=e6932 |doi=10.7717/peerj.6932 |pmc=6526014 |pmid=31143547 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Air Quality Expert Group|author1-link=Air Quality Expert Group|title=Nitrogen Dioxide in the United Kingdom|date=2004|publisher=Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|url=https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/library/assets/documents/reports/aqeg/nitrogen_dioxide_in_the_UK-summary.pdf|access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="pmid26142107">{{cite journal |author=Aggarwal P, Jain S |year=2015 |title=Impact of air pollutants from surface transport sources on human health: A modeling and epidemiological approach. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26142107 |journal=Environ Int |volume=83 |issue= |pages=146–57 |bibcode=2015EnInt..83..146A |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.010 |pmc= |pmid=26142107}}</ref> and are a major driver of [[climate change]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA GISS: NASA News & Feature Releases:Road Transportation Emerges as Key Driver of Warming |url=https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20100218a/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=www.giss.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Car Emissions & Global Warming {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/car-emissions-global-warming |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=www.ucsusa.org}}</ref>
* Agriculture and [[forest management]] strategies using controlled burns. Practices like [[slash-and-burn]] in forests like the Amazon cause large air pollution with the [[deforestation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA's AIRS Maps Carbon Monoxide from Brazil Fires |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia23356-nasas-airs-maps-carbon-monoxide-from-brazil-fires |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)}}</ref> Controlled or prescribed burning is a practice used in [[forest management]], agriculture, [[prairie restoration]], and [[greenhouse gas]] reduction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harper |first1=Ashleigh R. |last2=Doerr |first2=Stefan H. |last3=Santin |first3=Cristina |last4=Froyd |first4=Cynthia A. |last5=Sinnadurai |first5=Paul |date=2018-05-15 |title=Prescribed fire and its impacts on ecosystem services in the UK |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717335878 |journal=[[Science of the Total Environment]] |language=en |volume=624 |pages=691–703 |bibcode=2018ScTEn.624..691H |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.161 |issn=0048-9697 |pmid=29272838}}</ref> [[Forester|Foresters]] can use controlled fire as a tool because fire is a natural feature of both forest and grassland ecology.<ref>{{Citation |last1=George Neary |first1=Daniel |title=Effects of Fire on Grassland Soils and Water: A Review |date=2020-04-08 |url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/grasses-and-grassland-aspects/effects-of-fire-on-grassland-soils-and-water-a-review |work=Grasses and Grassland Aspects |editor-last=Missiakô Kindomihou |editor-first=Valentin |access-date=2022-06-07 |publisher=IntechOpen |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.90747 |isbn=978-1-78984-949-3 |s2cid=213578405 |last2=McMichael Leonard |first2=Jackson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Husseini |first1=Rikiatu |last2=Aboah |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Issifu |first3=Hamza |date=2020-03-01 |title=Fire control systems in forest reserves: An assessment of three forest districts in the Northern region, Ghana |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227619308063 |journal=Scientific African |language=en |volume=7 |pages=e00245 |bibcode=2020SciAf...700245H |doi=10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00245 |issn=2468-2276 |s2cid=213400214}}</ref> Controlled burning encourages the sprouting of some desirable forest trees, resulting in a forest renewal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Reyes |first1=O. |last2=Casal |first2=M. |date=November 2004 |title=Effects of forest fire ash on germination and early growth of four pinus species |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c |journal=[[Plant Ecology (journal)|Plant Ecology]] |language=en |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=81–89 |bibcode=2004PlEco.175...81R |doi=10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c |issn=1385-0237 |s2cid=20388177}}</ref>
* Agriculture and [[forest management]] strategies using controlled burns. Practices like [[slash-and-burn]] in forests like the Amazon cause large air pollution with the [[deforestation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA's AIRS Maps Carbon Monoxide from Brazil Fires |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia23356-nasas-airs-maps-carbon-monoxide-from-brazil-fires |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)}}</ref> Controlled or prescribed burning is a practice used in [[forest management]], agriculture, [[prairie restoration]], and [[greenhouse gas]] reduction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harper |first1=Ashleigh R. |last2=Doerr |first2=Stefan H. |last3=Santin |first3=Cristina |last4=Froyd |first4=Cynthia A. |last5=Sinnadurai |first5=Paul |date=2018-05-15 |title=Prescribed fire and its impacts on ecosystem services in the UK |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717335878 |journal=[[Science of the Total Environment]] |language=en |volume=624 |pages=691–703 |bibcode=2018ScTEn.624..691H |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.161 |issn=0048-9697 |pmid=29272838}}</ref> [[Forester|Foresters]] can use controlled fire as a tool because fire is a natural feature of both forest and grassland ecology.<ref>{{Citation |last1=George Neary |first1=Daniel |title=Effects of Fire on Grassland Soils and Water: A Review |date=2020-04-08 |url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/grasses-and-grassland-aspects/effects-of-fire-on-grassland-soils-and-water-a-review |work=Grasses and Grassland Aspects |editor-last=Missiakô Kindomihou |editor-first=Valentin |access-date=2022-06-07 |publisher=IntechOpen |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.90747 |isbn=978-1-78984-949-3 |s2cid=213578405 |last2=McMichael Leonard |first2=Jackson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Husseini |first1=Rikiatu |last2=Aboah |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Issifu |first3=Hamza |date=2020-03-01 |title=Fire control systems in forest reserves: An assessment of three forest districts in the Northern region, Ghana |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227619308063 |journal=Scientific African |language=en |volume=7 |pages=e00245 |bibcode=2020SciAf...700245H |doi=10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00245 |issn=2468-2276 |s2cid=213400214}}</ref> Controlled burning encourages the sprouting of some desirable forest trees, resulting in a forest renewal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Reyes |first1=O. |last2=Casal |first2=M. |date=November 2004 |title=Effects of forest fire ash on germination and early growth of four pinus species |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c |journal=[[Plant Ecology (journal)|Plant Ecology]] |language=en |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=81–89 |bibcode=2004PlEco.175...81R |doi=10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c |issn=1385-0237 |s2cid=20388177}}</ref>



१८:१८, १० जुन २०२४ जस्तै गरी पुनरावलोकन

चित्रमा वायु प्रदूषण देखाइएको छ ।

वायु प्रदूषण भनेको हाम्रो वरपर रहेको वायुमा कुनै प्रकारको प्रदूषित पदार्थ जस्तै (बुवा, गन्ध, रासायनीक पोर्ण, विषादी, आदि) को मिश्रणलाई नै वायु प्रदूषण भनिन्छ ।

वायु प्रदूषणको कारण मानव स्वस्थमा विभीन्न प्रकारको समस्या निम्त्याउछ । जस्तै रुथा, खोकी, दम, टाउको दुख्ने, पेट दुख्ने, दुख्ने, ज्वरो आउने। स्वस प्रस्वस मा समस्था देखा पर्ने, घाउ आउने, क्यान्सर हुने, आखालाई असर गर्ने जस्तो' विभीन्न प्रकारको रोग र समस्याहरू निम्त्याउछ । वायु प्रदूषणले मानव स्वस्थमा मात्र नभएर अन्य अरू बै थुप्रै जनावर तथा जिवजन्तुलाई पनी मानसीक तथा सारीरीक असर पार्नुका साथैो मानीस र जिवजन्तुको जपने पनी ?"

स्रोत

मानव निर्मित स्रोत

Demolition of the cooling towers of a power station, Athlone, Cape Town, South Africa, 2010
Controlled burning of a field outside of Statesboro, Georgia, US, in preparation for spring planting
Smoking of fish over an open fire in Ghana, 2018
Burning of joss paper in a temple

स्थिर स्रोत:

    • जिवास्म इन्धन संचालित पावर प्लान्ट र बायोमास पावर प्लान्ट। []
      • तेल तथा ग्यास साइट जहाँ मिथेन चुहावट हुन्छ [][][][]
    • परम्परागत बायोमास जस्तै काठ, कृषी अवशेष र गुइँठा बाल्नु. (गरिव तथा विकाशशील राष्ट्रहरूमा,[] परम्परागत बायोमास बाल्नु वायु प्रदुषकको मुख्य स्रोत हो।[][] It is also the main source of particulate pollution in many developed areas including the UK & New South Wales.[][१०] Its pollutants include PAHs.[११])
    • म्यानुफ्याकचरिङ उद्योग [१२]
      • २०१४ को एक अध्ययन अनुसार चीनमा मेसिन, उपकरण म्यानुफक्चारिङ र निर्माण क्षेत्रले ५०% वायु प्रदुषक उत्सर्जनको हिस्सा ओगट्छ ।.[१३][विश्वसनीय स्रोत आवश्यक]
    • निर्माण (कन्स्ट्रक्सन)[१४][१५]
    • फोहोर जलाउनु(इन्सिनिरेटर साथ साथै अव्यवस्थित फोहोर खुला तथा अनियन्त्रित रुपमा जलाउनु , करिब एक चौथाई शहरी फोहोर बालिन्छ )[१६][१७]
    • भट्टी तथा अन्य प्रकारका इन्धन जलाउने हिटिङ उपकरण [१८]

चल स्रोत वा अस्थिर स्रोत :

There are also sources from processes other than combustion:

Mean acidifying emissions (air pollution) of different foods per 100g of protein[३९]
Food Types Acidifying Emissions (g SO2eq per 100g protein)
Beef
३४३.६
Cheese
१६५.५
Pork
१४२.७
Lamb and mutton
१३९.०
Farmed crustaceans
१३३.१
Poultry
१०२.४
Farmed fish
६५.९
Eggs
५३.७
Groundnuts
२२.६
Peas
८.५
Tofu
६.७

प्राकृतिक स्रोत

उत्सर्जन कारक

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