Papers by Milena Trandafilović
Facta Universitatis. Series: Medicine and Biology
Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from ... more Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from the common carotid artery (CCA) is one of the rarities that deserves to be presented.Microdissection of injected arteries in the thorax and neck of human fetuses under the operating microscope was used and documented in the workbook and photos. The origin of the left VA from ipsilateral CCA, and its entry into the transverse foramen of the fourth cervical vertebra (C IV), associated with the normal vascular arrangement of branches of the aortic arch were the main features of this case. Simultaneously, the right VA of normal (subclavian) origin entered the C V transverse foramen. A present case of the left VA−CCA variant is the only one discovered in human fetuses, respectively, in total it is the tenth human case in the literature. However, the future findings could show whether the right aortic arch and the carotid stenosis discovered in half of known adult cases can be possible causal ...
The cerebral arterial circle is a constant carotid-basilar anastomosis on the brain base. However... more The cerebral arterial circle is a constant carotid-basilar anastomosis on the brain base. However, some transitory primitive intercarotid or carotid-vertebral or carotid-basilar or lateral basilo-vertebral anastomoses can persist and change the common angioarchitecture of the brain. One of these transitory persistent anastomoses was found in a 72-year-old male, autopsied at the Institute for Forensic Medicine of Nis, after a fatal cranial fracture. We discovered persistent lateral basilovertebral anastomosis that originated from the right side of the basilar artery, immediately below the beginning of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which was connected with the left anterior spinal artery (ASA). In addition, there were two transversal anastomoses between both vertebral arteries. Although the discovered arterial anastomoses on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata persisted in the human adult, pathologic changes of this artery and other cerebral arteries were not ...
Acta Medica Medianae, 2021
Based on the pathohistological examination of tonsillar tissue, chronic tonsillitis can be classi... more Based on the pathohistological examination of tonsillar tissue, chronic tonsillitis can be classified as chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis (CHT) and recurrent tonsillitis (RT). CD68 is a glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed on the cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, as well as on the dendritic cells. Macrophages and dendritic cells are major initiators, effectors, and regulators of immune response in the palatine tonsil. The aim of this paper was to examine microanatomical distribution of CD68-immunopositive cells and to determine their numerical areal density in morphological compartments of palatine tonsils with CHT and RT, in order to show the possible differences in antigen-presentation potential between these two pathological conditions. As a material we used tonsils taken after tonsillectomy, from patients of both sexes, aged 10-29 years: six tonsils with RT and nine tonsils with CHT. The quantification of CD68immunopositive cells by "ImageJ" software was perform...
Folia Morphologica, 2021
A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior... more A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in a 78-year old woman was a special case among 388 cadaveric specimens. It was found by a retrospective review of the personal data obtained during graduate and undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Two unequal fenestrations of the right A1 segment were associated with the presence of a pseudo anterior communicating artery, hypoplasia of the right posterior communicating artery and the left superior cerebellar artery, absence of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and ectasia of the basilar artery; however, the cerebral arteries were without aneurysm(s) or other pathology. The reason could be the almost equal ACA diameter on both sides.
Open Medicine, 2021
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) represents second generation of platelet concentrates, which has gaine... more Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) represents second generation of platelet concentrates, which has gained increasing awareness in recent years for regenerative procedures. This biologic additive is completely autologous, easy to prepare, has minimal expense, and possesses prolonged growth factor release, together with several other advantages over traditionally prepared platelet concentrates. Since its introduction, various protocols for PRF preparation have been proposed with different amounts of growth factors and other biomolecules necessary for wound healing. However, reference data about potential effect of some PRF components on hard and soft tissue healing are still conflicting. The current article intends to clarify the relevant advances about physiological role of certain PRF components and to provide insight into the new developmental approach. Also, this review summarizes the evolution of platelet concentrates and biologic properties of different modifications of PRF procedure.
Acta Medica Medianae, 2021
Analysis of the anatomical characteristics of openings in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (... more Analysis of the anatomical characteristics of openings in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (round, oval and spinous opening - FR, FO and FS) has a clinical significance in surgical and diagnostic procedures. The aim of the study was to examine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the round, oval and spinous openings in the human skulls. The research was conducted on 20 skulls housed at the Institute of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine in Nis. The skulls were numerated, and the openings were photographed against the ruler with a Canon A470 camera. Photo processing and morphometric analysis (measuring the length and width of the FR, FO and FS) were performed using ImageJ software. The average length of the FR on the right was 3.14 ± 0.77 mm and 3.44 ± 0.65 mm on the left, width on the right was 2.38 ± 0.58 mm, 2.61 ± 0.55 mm on the left; length of the FO on the right was 5.88 ± 0.88 mm, 5.50 ± 1.06 mm on the left, width on the right was 2.70 ± 0.58 mm, 2.82 ± 0...
Purpose In continuation of our previous studies of vascular components of the cerebral arterial c... more Purpose In continuation of our previous studies of vascular components of the cerebral arterial circle, our goal was to investigate the cases of aplasia of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Methods The macro- and microdissection of the target human brain arteries was applied under the magnifying glass. Each case was photographed and diagramatically represented in the workbook. The length and the outer diameter of the corresponding arteries on the photos were measured using a computer software program. Results There were 2/388 cases of ACA aplasia―unilaterally in one case (0.25%), and bilaterally in the other (0.25%). These two cases belonged to a male and a female adult, autopsied due to the homicide and myocardial infarction, aged 68 and 80, respectively. Except for the variations of the posterior communicating artery on one or both sides, and several arteries of the vertebrobasilar system, the instance of cerebral pathology was not recorded in either of these cases. We compared ...
Facta Universitatis, Series: Medicine and Biology, 2019
Cephalometry is a measurement of the head by imaging, also taking into account the layer which co... more Cephalometry is a measurement of the head by imaging, also taking into account the layer which consists of all the soft tissues of the head. Following the introduction of computed tomography (CT), 3D reconstruction of the head and neck structures and 3D analysis of angular and linear cephalometric parameters was enabled. This study aimed to determine the characteristic cephalometric parameters, using the 2D reconstruction of the multi-slice CT (MSCT) images, which are essential for computer designing of the parametric-geometric-mathematical model (PGMM) of the human skull. We conducted the study on 20 CT scans of adult patients (12 males and 8 females), taken from the radiology archive of the Clinical Center in Niš. Measurements were done on 2D reconstruction images of preselected 3D images of the human head created using MSCT. The values of 29 linear cephalometric parameters (LCP) and 20 angular cephalometric parameters (ACP) were determined. Statistically significant differences b...
Although there are many published papers on macro- and microvascularization of the kidney, there ... more Although there are many published papers on macro- and microvascularization of the kidney, there has not been a single study that would describe the histological characteristics of the arcuate arteries in specific periods of life. Our motivation to do this study derived from the need to explain the genesis of the ischemic nephropathy and determine the morphological changes on the arcuate arteries. Tissue samples were taken from the kidneys of 50 different cadavers of both sexes. They were divided into five groups, according to their age. The kidneys were of average size and did not show any macroscopic pathological changes. After embedding in paraffin, 5 μm cross-sections through the arteries were prepared. The specimens were analyzed under standard light microscopy, after different staining. The first significant changes are characterized by the widening of the subendothelial layer and the progressive enlargement of the intima. Media gradually shows atrophy, increase of the volume ...
The anterior cerebral artery is a medial terminal branch of the cerebral part of the internal car... more The anterior cerebral artery is a medial terminal branch of the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery on both sides. These paired arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery. Different abnormalities of the anterior communicating–anterior cerebral arteries can include an aplasia or hypoplasia, or variable origin and/or course and/or termination, or fenestration, or duplication or multiplication or persistence of primitive or additional vessels. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the relationships of morphological abnormalities of an anterior communicating–anterior cerebral complex in human adults of Serbian population. Material represented 266 human cadavers autopsied at the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Nis. Cerebral arteries were investigated macroscopically, under the glass; outer vessel’s diameter was measured using ImageJ processing program. A total of 87 cases or 32.71% of different abnormalities of the anterior communicating–anterior cere...
High jugular bulb represents very important variation in neurosurgery. The aim of our research wa... more High jugular bulb represents very important variation in neurosurgery. The aim of our research was to measure certain characteristics of jugular foramen and surrounding bony structures in order to evaluate their possible significance in high jugular bulb detection. Thirty seven dried human skull sagittal sections were used as material. Sigmoid sinus groove width and depth, jugular fossa height and exocranial opening mean diameter were measured with vernier caliper. Internal auditory canal height and the distance between its inferior margin and superior margin of petrous bone, jugular foramen endocranial opening area and sino dural angle were measured with ImageJ. Cluster analysis with jugular fossa height as classification parameter was used for the classification of the analyzed skull sagittal sections. Classification analysis showed the presence of two groups: the first with predominantly low height of jugular fossa dome, the second with significantly higher values of jugular foss...
The vertebral artery (VA), as the first upstream branch of the subclavian artery on both sides co... more The vertebral artery (VA), as the first upstream branch of the subclavian artery on both sides courses having four topographical parts ― prevertebral, cervical, atlantic and intracranial to the interlocking connection into basilar artery. However, its amenability to the variations can be at the origin, and/or course and/or termination. The review of postnatal features of variable VA origin and its prevertebral part was performed according to the 171 literature case reports. Among them, 94 cases of variable left VA, 30 cases of variable left and right VAs and 47 cases of variable right VA have been analyzed. The left and/or right VAs were showed as simple or common vessels or segmentally duplicated at their origin from the aorta and/or subclavian or common carotid or external carotid artery or unusual arterial stems. Different patterns of single VA origin and/or arrangement associated with main supra-aortic arteries variants were presented as 30 primary (basic) and 32 complementary m...
Anatomical Science International, 2020
Corticotrophs produce a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland cortex to secrete glucocorticoi... more Corticotrophs produce a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, which in turn have effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Quantification, morphological characteristics, and distribution of corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary and changes in the number and shape of the cells during aging have been examined using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. The material consisted of 14 anterior pituitaries taken from cadavers at routine autopsy. The tissue was processed by standard histological procedure and the obtained slices were stained by the monoclonal anti-ACTH antibody for corticotrophs identification. Digital images of stained histological sections were analyzed using the morphometric method with the Image J system. The volume density of ACTH positive cells was determined. The cases were classified into three age groups. One-way ANOVA showed that the volume density of the corticotrophs was significantly higher in the second and third group in relation to the first group. The difference in the volume densities of the corticotrophs between the genders was not significant. Morphometric and statistical analyses demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the corticotrophs volume densities and the age of the evaluated cases. Linear regression showed that age significantly predicts corticotrophs volume density. Corticotrophs significantly increase during the life span.
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 2019
Introduction. Chloroform intoxication as a result of inhalation is usually associated with occupa... more Introduction. Chloroform intoxication as a result of inhalation is usually associated with occupational exposure. Fatal cases of accidental and intentional chloroform poisoning are extremely rare. The aim of this work was to report a case with fatal consequences caused by prolonged chloroform inhalation in a child. Case outline. We report a case of a three-month-old child found dead by its mother in their home. Investigation provided the data about two refrigerators in the house, which were not entirely functional, and were filled with a refrigerant based on chloroform, and about a recent house spraying with a pesticide also based on chloroform. Forensic autopsy was performed the following day. Autopsy established the existence of malnutrition, dehydration, brain and lungs edema, the presence of very scarce contents in the digestive tract, and the enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes. The initial stage of liver degeneration was noted on histopathological examination. Chemical-to...
Folia Morphologica, 2015
Background: Menstruation was presented as a result of inflammatory process. The total and relativ... more Background: Menstruation was presented as a result of inflammatory process. The total and relative numbers of the endometrial immunocompetitive cells vary during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of this morphological study is to make a contribution in understanding different distribution of leukocyte types during proliferative and secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle. 2 Materials and methods: The study included 40 women (20 in proliferative and 20 in secretory phase of the menstrual cycle). Exploratory curettage performed as preoperative preparation due to uterine myomas. Immunophenotyping was performed by immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) using monoclonal antibodies: CD15, CD 20, CD30, CD45 RO, CD56, CD57 and CD68. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: NK cells are dominant during secretory, and CD45RO T lymphocytes are dominant during proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. During the secretory phase of menstrual cycle, leukocytes make 30% of total endometrial cells. NK cells (CD56+ bright subpopulation), activated T lymphocytes, macrophages and B lymphocytes significant increase in their number during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle. Conclusions: Significantly changes in endometrial leukocyte populations during proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle are emphasized. Changes in dominance of different leukocyte subpopulations are determined by hormonal and microenvironmental changes in modulatory factors that have not yet been fully explained.
Child's Nervous System, 2017
Purpose Due to the fact that the internal carotid artery (ICA) is responsible for nourishing two ... more Purpose Due to the fact that the internal carotid artery (ICA) is responsible for nourishing two thirds of the brain volume, our aim was to inspect the morphofunctional consequences of the bilateral lack of this artery. Methods In order to examine this condition, we referred to both the library archive of our Faculty of Medicine and electronic databases of anatomical and clinical reports that included the following keywords: Babsence,^Baplasia,^or Bagenesis^in combination with Binternal carotid artery,B common carotid artery,^or only Bcarotid artery.R esult We found 60 recorded cases of the bilateral ICA absence in the subjects of newborn status to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 20 countries. The following ten parameters were described: the embryological base, terminology, history, incidence, general data, differential diagnosis, collateral circulation, the associated vascular aplasia and/or other variants, pathophysiology, and the importance in praxis. Conclusion This review noted all the cases of the bilateral ICA aplasia published for the past 104 years. Although there were 11.6% of cases of the associated cerebral aneurysms and 1-4 cases of 16 other diseases, approximately one quarter of the cases was without any pathology.
Folia Morphologica, 2015
Background: Massa intermedia, a midline bar-shaped structure, connects two thalami across the thi... more Background: Massa intermedia, a midline bar-shaped structure, connects two thalami across the third ventricle in 70-80% of healthy humans. It has become clinically important since its absence was comprehended as a midline malformation of the brain and brought in connection with schizophrenia indicating that some symptoms could be a consequence of disturbed neuron chains underlying the mechanisms of attention and processing of information. The aim of the investigation was to find out the incidence, position, and size of massa intermedia in the brains of the Serbian population. Materials and Methods: Our investigation was performed on 41 brains of adult Serbian cadavers using a macro dissection method. 2 Results: Massa intermedia was present in 80.49% of cases, in one case it was double. In most of the cases it was located in the superior quadrants of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, the larger part being in the anterosuperior one. Some other combinations were also present. The horizontal diameter of the cross-section was larger than vertical and was not in correlation with the length of the third ventricle. The average cross-sectional area was 29.58 mm 2 , significantly larger in females. Conclusions: Massa intermedia is present in most of the investigated brains, usually connecting the anterior-superior quadrants of the lateral walls of the third ventricle. Different in shape and size its cross-section is a horizontal ellipse, significantly larger in females. The cross-sectional area and the size of the third ventricle are not in correlation.
Acta Medica Medianae, 2019
Imiquimod is a local immunomodulator with antiviral effects. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is ... more Imiquimod is a local immunomodulator with antiviral effects. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a chronic precancerous condition of the skin of the vulva, with different malignant potential and clinical course. The aim of the paper was to determine therapeutic effects of Imiquimod in treating different types and grades of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasms. The study enrolled 17 patients with vulvar pre-cancerous conditions of different grade and histological type. The patients were treated with combined medical therapy oral systemic immunomodulatory and antiviral drug-inosine acedoben dimepranol and 5% Imiquimod cream locally applied to the lesion area using cotton swabs. Complete remision (CR) had 41.18% of patients, partial remission (PR) was seen in 47.06%, and 11.76% of patients had no response (NR). Out of these patients, response distribution for usual type was: CR 80%, 20% NR, and for differentiated type the response distribution was: 8.3% NR, 66.67% PR, while 25% of patients had CR. The use of imiquimod for conservative treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a beneficial alternative to surgical treatment. The best results of imiquimod treatment are achieved in younger patients with usual type of vulvar neoplasia, while the treatment effects are limited to partial response in older patients with differentiated VIN.
Acta Medica Medianae, 2017
Lipofuscin has been known as an "age pigment". The aim of this study was to determine the pattern... more Lipofuscin has been known as an "age pigment". The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of lipofuscin accumulation in cerebellum Purkinje cells during the process of aging, as well as the Purkinje cell volume density. The cerebellar tissue samples taken from cadavers were divided into four age groups. Stained tissue samples were analyzed for lipofuscin distribution patterns. Morphometric analysis included the quantification of Purkinje cell volume density. Purkinje cells of neocerebellum predominantly did not contain lipofuscin inclusions, or only discrete diffusely distributed lipofuscin granules were present after the age of 50. Even after 70 years of age, not many cells contained lipofuscin. Besides, no significant changes in the volume density of Purkinje cells were observed. Physiological changes in the elderly associated with cerebellum function impairment may be related to the increased lipofuscinogenesis in Purkinje cells after the age of 50, but especially after the age of 70 years.
Uploads
Papers by Milena Trandafilović