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Adriana Bernardi

National Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Faculty Member

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Research Director at Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of National Research Council (CNR-ISAC) of Padua, Physicist. •Field of expertise: microclimatology, environmental sciences, comfort, conservation of cultural heritage, mobile and immobile, energy saving in historical and non historical buildings. •Publications: about 300 scientific papers,2 books and two patents. •Large experience in teaching in University and schools of specialisation. Since 2002 to 2012 Contract Professor at the University of Ferrara.•Since 1stFP she is participating/participated to 17 European projects. In particular:-coordinator of 6 EU projects (GEO4CIVHIC -2018-792355 (H2020), Cheap-GSHPs-2015-657982 (H2020), InnoWEE EEB-04–2016-723916 (H2020), TeACH-ENV-2007-212458 (FP7), NANOMATCH-ENV-NMP.2011.3.2.1-1 (FP7), VIDRIO-EVK4-CT-2001-00045 (FP5) -scientific responsible in other 5 EU projects: ThinkNature SC5-2016-2017 (H2020), (MESSIB- NMP-2007-LARGE 1 (FP7), H-KNOW-NMP-2007-214567(FP7), EcoShopping-EeBNMP.2013-6 (FP7) and EFFESUS- EeB.ENV.2012.6.6-2 (FP7).•Coordinator for other 10 international and 13 national projects•Evaluator of international and national projects, in particular for EU in the H2020, VthFP, for the Italian Ministry MIUR and for JPICH/JHEP.•Member of the ECTP and E2B-PPP she was coordinator of the ECTP-FACH WG4 "Energy and Environment" and ECTP H&R
Address: Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35129 Padova (Italy)

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Papers by Adriana Bernardi

Microclimate inside Cultural Heritage buildings Bernardi Adriana

Diurnal variation of solar radiation on differently orientated surfaces of monuments

Il Nuovo Cimento C, Jul 1, 1994

Compatibility and performance criteria for nano-lime consolidants

Recent developments: • Modified ethyl-silicates • Nanolimes • New products developed in Nanomatch... more

Compatibility and performance criteria for nano-lime consolidants

Recent developments: • Modified ethyl-silicates • Nanolimes • New products developed in Nanomatch... more

Una norma per migliorare l’efficienza energetica degli edifici storici

La EN 16883 fornisce ai soggetti coinvolti nel processo di miglioramento del rendimento energetic... more

Ue Project "cheap GSHPs": the Geoexchange Fieldlab

EGUGA, Apr 1, 2017

Microclimatic Control: Management of Environment and Consequences

All of a material's forcing agents of stress, whether physical, chemical or biological, can b... more All of a material's forcing agents of stress, whether physical, chemical or biological, can be correlated to the microclimatic conditions of the environment in which the material is being preserved. Therefore, in the conservation of works of art, it is essential to create suitable microclimatic conditions; these cannot be reduced to a few numbers, as often happens. Examples of studies undertaken under various conditions (different climatic conditions, buildings of different typology and age, differently managed situations etc.) are presented. These demonstrate how each situation is very different from another. The numerous phenomena involved may be in synergy amongst themselves or in opposition and must all be considered simultaneously, with their temporal and spatial variations, in order to obtain a precise diagnosis of the environmental microclimate. In recent years much effort has been made, both on a national and international level, to identify and provide useful information to those who manage an environment of conservation. Much discussion is still underway and the scientific world is not always in complete agreement. There is, however, ample agreement that it can be very dangerous to provide managing staff with generic tables to obtain a suitable microclimate. As a matter of fact, only close collaboration among physicists, chemists, biologists, restorers, etc. can provide a complete understanding of all the problems specific to the situation, in order to find the best solutions for the conservation of particularly sensitive materials, such as, for example, paper.

Laboratory assessment of corrosion rate of carbon steel ground heat exchangers

Advances in Geosciences, Nov 11, 2022

The materials used in the manufacture of geothermal heat exchangers for shallow geothermal applic... more The materials used in the manufacture of geothermal heat exchangers for shallow geothermal applications play an important role in the overall system performance, especially if grout is not being used to seal the boreholes in which the heat exchanger is installed. The subject of this study is the durability evaluation of a vertical coaxial ground heat exchanger made of steel that is coupled directly to the ground. This solution minimizes the thermal resistance between the heat exchanger and the ground, but presents the important drawback of removing any protection toward the surrounding environment Among the materials proposed for manufacturing such vertical geothermal heat exchanger, carbon steel is suitable and have potential, due to its low cost and high thermal conductivity. The main disadvantage of this material is that it is strongly subject to corrosive attack, according to the chemo-physical properties of the underground. This study investigated the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel used in an experimental underground heat exchanger and assessed its durability over time. Corrosion rate of steel samples were measured in the laboratory by weight loss method after exposure over a specified period in a selected ground medium. Different ground conditions were tested, resulting in different densities and moisture contents of ground samples collected on the field. Based on the results, the corrosion rate of carbon steel is evaluated as a function of water content and rate of ground compaction. This information has allowed to advance more accurate quantitative forecast of the expected operational life of installed geothermal exchangers and their safety over time.

Scale drillability maps as a tool to select the drilling technology to install Borehole Heat Exchange (BHE) probes

The main aim of EU funded project GEO4CIVHIC is the development, growth and spreading of more eff... more The main aim of EU funded project GEO4CIVHIC is the development, growth and spreading of more efficient and low-cost geothermal systems for conditioning retrofitting civil and historical buildings. Within this context, the assessment of the most suitable drilling technique to install borehole heat exchangers (BHE) is affected by the local geological, hydrogeological and thermal conditions. In order to provide professional (i.e. drillers, designers) and decision makers (i.e. building owners, policy makers) with preliminary information about expected drilling-time and costs for different geothermal systems, drillability maps at European and municipality scale are here presented.This work has been supported financially by the EU project GEO4CIVHIC, which is gratefully acknowledged by the author. The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 792355REFERENCES

European and municipal scale drillability maps: A tool to identify the most suitable techniques to install borehole heat exchangers (BHE) probes

Renewable Energy, Jun 1, 2022

The Impact of Conservation Conditions Versus Thermal Comfort of Visitors on the Energy Demand of a Museum Refurbished with Geothermal Systems: A Virtual Case Study

Springer eBooks, Oct 12, 2022

Simulation-Based Comparison Between the Thermal Behavior of Coaxial and Double U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchangers

Energies, Jun 17, 2019

In this study, the thermal behavior of the coaxial and double U borehole heat exchangers was inve... more In this study, the thermal behavior of the coaxial and double U borehole heat exchangers was investigated using numerical simulations in both the long-and short-term. As a reference for borehole heat exchanger specifications, the existing coaxial and double U probes of a geothermal heat pump installed within the Horizon 2020 research project named "Cheap GSHPs" were considered. Nine years of simulations revealed that when borehole heat exchangers are subjected to a balanced thermal load, and intermittent operating modes of the ground source heat pump system are set, the coaxial pipes' configuration provides better thermal performance due to the higher thermal capacitance of the heat-carrier fluid and the lower borehole thermal resistance. The analysis was conducted considering two different types of ground with different thermal conductivity values. As result, the more conductive ground type highlights the higher yield of the coaxial probe.

Microclimatic Monitoring for the Environmental Risk Assessment of the Capilla Mayor, Santiago De Compostela Cathedral (Spain)

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies (Print), Jun 1, 2018

The study of the microclimate is a fundamental prerequisite of cultural heritage restoration stra... more The study of the microclimate is a fundamental prerequisite of cultural heritage restoration strategy, as the durability of the interventions strongly depends on the environmental conditions. Before the restoration of the frescoes of the apse, seriously degraded, the microclimate in the Capilla Mayor of the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral was monitored continuously for one year to assess the main environmental risks and elaborate a preventive conservation plan. The main natural and anthropic factors affecting the microclimate of the Capilla were identified, as well as their relevance and the associated risk of damage to the frescoes. In particular, the thermo-hygrometric values measured close to the vault were not fully in compliance with respect to the ranges indicated in literature for the conservation of the frescoes. Finally, solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions in the Capilla, thus reducing further damage and enhancing the durability of the frescoes after the planned restoration.

Effects of air pollution and microclimate on stained glass windows: preliminary results in the Sainte Chapelle (Paris)

CRC Press eBooks, Aug 15, 2004

... Paris) A. Bernardi & F. Becherini Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National... more

Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps

Energies

The European building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of total energy consumption and... more The European building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of total energy consumption and for 36% of greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying technological solutions capable of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main objectives of the European Commission. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are of particular interest for this purpose, promising a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of HVAC systems. This paper reports the results of the energetic analysis carried out within the EU research project GEO4CIVHIC about the performance of geothermal heat pumps working with low-GWP refrigerants as alternatives for R134a and R410A. The work has been carried out through computer simulations based on base and regenerative reverse cycles. Several heat sink and heat source temperature conditions have been considered in order to evaluate the GSHPs’ performance in the whole range of real conditions that can be found in Europe. Particular attenti...

Innovative Geothermal Application Development to support in situ workers

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An innovative user-friendly smart phone/tablet-based Application (App) t... more &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An innovative user-friendly smart phone/tablet-based Application (App) to support users (drillers, owners, designers) on site to complete a preliminary evaluation of the shallow geothermal heat exchangers and heat pump system feasibility was developed in the framework of the EU funded GEO4CIVHIC Project. The App is expected to provide a preliminary evaluation of drilling time and costs, allowing users to design a first version of the geothermal system, including number of probes and recommended drilling method.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The App requires the geolocation, the underground and building structure, the feasibility and the best drilling solution for the site to be analysed. Hence, the reference data defined by the project concerning the fundamental ground parameters (thermal conductivity, lithology etc&amp;amp;#8230;), the climatic classes typical of the European territory and the energy profile of a selection of buildings, representative of the European buildings&amp;amp;#8217; typology, are stored in a specific database internal to the application itself.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Once the site geolocation is defined, automatically or manually, the user is required to insert geological information. The geological section is developed for non-expert users to allow them a simplified underground geological characterization based on intuitive information related to the form of the landscape (geomorphology) and a rough idea of the rocks/sediments present in the area. Selecting an environment, a sub-environment and a lithology, the App, considering a simplified stratigraphy of about 100 m depth characterized by a homogenous material in saturated conditions, provides an output related to (i) the best method to drill the underground, (ii) the evaluation of time and cost for the drilling method suggested, (iii) the thermal conductivity value linked to the main lithology.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In the Building section, an estimate of the maximum energy requirement for both heating and cooling knowing the latitude and longitude coordinates and the building typology of the test site is obtained. In the App database, the European cities, based on their geographic coordinates, are grouped in four simplified climatic zone domains according to the K&amp;amp;#246;ppen-Geiger climate classification. This allow to obtain the average annual degree days (DD) for heating and cooling necessary to calculate the cooling and heating loads of the building. Then, selecting the reference building typology (residential/non-residential) and the ground characteristics, the App automatically calculate the geothermal field size necessary to meet its energy needs.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The validation in the Mechelen (Belgium) case study of GEO4CIVHIC project shows a good agreement between the App simplified information and the real case condition. Next future more validation will be provided. However, the App outputs are a preliminary, not refined estimate of the geothermal feasibility to realize shallow geothermal systems and cannot be considered as sufficiently detailed to plan these systems. On this regard it is mandatory to acquire more detailed local information, consulting local experts and/or referring to the Decision Support System (DSS) of GEO4CIVHIC Project.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;GEO4CIVHIC&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;project has received funding from the European Union&amp;amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 792355.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Selection of backfill grout for shallow geothermal systems: Materials investigation and thermo-physical analysis

Construction and Building Materials, 2022

Protective Structures for the Conservation of Archaeological Sites : environmental considerations on the shelters over the Hagar Qim and Mnajdra temples of Malta

The Megalithic Temples of Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, constructed in Qrendi between the mid-fourth and... more The Megalithic Temples of Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, constructed in Qrendi between the mid-fourth and mid-third millennia BC, are amongst the oldest free-standing stone buildings of such complexity in the world. They are of great local and international significance and they have been included since 1992 on the UNESCO's World Heritage List. These Temples are currently suffering from a series of severe structural problems as well as different forms of stone deterioration: the Globigerina Limestone shows powdering, flaking and scaling of the surface, as well as alveolar weathering, mainly due to salt crystallisation, in particular of chlorides acting on the very porous stone. Protective structures have long been considered the best in situ measures for preventive conservation of archaeological sites. However, the nature of problems in conserving sites under protective structures varies widely. The design of a new structure should improve the environmental conditions for the archaeolog...

A new approach of the surface temperature measurement for a preventive conservation of the work of arts

Mapping the techno-economic potential of closed-loop geothermal systems: a Europe-tested method

1 Institute of Earth Science, SUPSI, Campus Trevano, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland (rodolfo.pereg... more 1 Institute of Earth Science, SUPSI, Campus Trevano, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland (rodolfo.perego@supsi.ch) 2 Department of Geosciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy 3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy 4 GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany 5 CRES (Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving), Pikérmi, Greece 6 GEO-GREEN sprl Rue de Priesmont, 63 B-1495 Marbais, Belgium 7 SLR Environmental Consulting Ireland Ltd. 7, Dundrum Business Park, Windy Arbour, D14, Ireland 8 CNR-ISAC (Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate), Padova, Italy

Microclimate inside Cultural Heritage buildings Bernardi Adriana

Diurnal variation of solar radiation on differently orientated surfaces of monuments

Il Nuovo Cimento C, Jul 1, 1994

Compatibility and performance criteria for nano-lime consolidants

Recent developments: • Modified ethyl-silicates • Nanolimes • New products developed in Nanomatch... more

Compatibility and performance criteria for nano-lime consolidants

Recent developments: • Modified ethyl-silicates • Nanolimes • New products developed in Nanomatch... more

Una norma per migliorare l’efficienza energetica degli edifici storici

La EN 16883 fornisce ai soggetti coinvolti nel processo di miglioramento del rendimento energetic... more

Ue Project "cheap GSHPs": the Geoexchange Fieldlab

EGUGA, Apr 1, 2017

Microclimatic Control: Management of Environment and Consequences

All of a material's forcing agents of stress, whether physical, chemical or biological, can b... more All of a material's forcing agents of stress, whether physical, chemical or biological, can be correlated to the microclimatic conditions of the environment in which the material is being preserved. Therefore, in the conservation of works of art, it is essential to create suitable microclimatic conditions; these cannot be reduced to a few numbers, as often happens. Examples of studies undertaken under various conditions (different climatic conditions, buildings of different typology and age, differently managed situations etc.) are presented. These demonstrate how each situation is very different from another. The numerous phenomena involved may be in synergy amongst themselves or in opposition and must all be considered simultaneously, with their temporal and spatial variations, in order to obtain a precise diagnosis of the environmental microclimate. In recent years much effort has been made, both on a national and international level, to identify and provide useful information to those who manage an environment of conservation. Much discussion is still underway and the scientific world is not always in complete agreement. There is, however, ample agreement that it can be very dangerous to provide managing staff with generic tables to obtain a suitable microclimate. As a matter of fact, only close collaboration among physicists, chemists, biologists, restorers, etc. can provide a complete understanding of all the problems specific to the situation, in order to find the best solutions for the conservation of particularly sensitive materials, such as, for example, paper.

Laboratory assessment of corrosion rate of carbon steel ground heat exchangers

Advances in Geosciences, Nov 11, 2022

The materials used in the manufacture of geothermal heat exchangers for shallow geothermal applic... more The materials used in the manufacture of geothermal heat exchangers for shallow geothermal applications play an important role in the overall system performance, especially if grout is not being used to seal the boreholes in which the heat exchanger is installed. The subject of this study is the durability evaluation of a vertical coaxial ground heat exchanger made of steel that is coupled directly to the ground. This solution minimizes the thermal resistance between the heat exchanger and the ground, but presents the important drawback of removing any protection toward the surrounding environment Among the materials proposed for manufacturing such vertical geothermal heat exchanger, carbon steel is suitable and have potential, due to its low cost and high thermal conductivity. The main disadvantage of this material is that it is strongly subject to corrosive attack, according to the chemo-physical properties of the underground. This study investigated the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel used in an experimental underground heat exchanger and assessed its durability over time. Corrosion rate of steel samples were measured in the laboratory by weight loss method after exposure over a specified period in a selected ground medium. Different ground conditions were tested, resulting in different densities and moisture contents of ground samples collected on the field. Based on the results, the corrosion rate of carbon steel is evaluated as a function of water content and rate of ground compaction. This information has allowed to advance more accurate quantitative forecast of the expected operational life of installed geothermal exchangers and their safety over time.

Scale drillability maps as a tool to select the drilling technology to install Borehole Heat Exchange (BHE) probes

The main aim of EU funded project GEO4CIVHIC is the development, growth and spreading of more eff... more The main aim of EU funded project GEO4CIVHIC is the development, growth and spreading of more efficient and low-cost geothermal systems for conditioning retrofitting civil and historical buildings. Within this context, the assessment of the most suitable drilling technique to install borehole heat exchangers (BHE) is affected by the local geological, hydrogeological and thermal conditions. In order to provide professional (i.e. drillers, designers) and decision makers (i.e. building owners, policy makers) with preliminary information about expected drilling-time and costs for different geothermal systems, drillability maps at European and municipality scale are here presented.This work has been supported financially by the EU project GEO4CIVHIC, which is gratefully acknowledged by the author. The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 792355REFERENCES

European and municipal scale drillability maps: A tool to identify the most suitable techniques to install borehole heat exchangers (BHE) probes

Renewable Energy, Jun 1, 2022

The Impact of Conservation Conditions Versus Thermal Comfort of Visitors on the Energy Demand of a Museum Refurbished with Geothermal Systems: A Virtual Case Study

Springer eBooks, Oct 12, 2022

Simulation-Based Comparison Between the Thermal Behavior of Coaxial and Double U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchangers

Energies, Jun 17, 2019

In this study, the thermal behavior of the coaxial and double U borehole heat exchangers was inve... more In this study, the thermal behavior of the coaxial and double U borehole heat exchangers was investigated using numerical simulations in both the long-and short-term. As a reference for borehole heat exchanger specifications, the existing coaxial and double U probes of a geothermal heat pump installed within the Horizon 2020 research project named "Cheap GSHPs" were considered. Nine years of simulations revealed that when borehole heat exchangers are subjected to a balanced thermal load, and intermittent operating modes of the ground source heat pump system are set, the coaxial pipes' configuration provides better thermal performance due to the higher thermal capacitance of the heat-carrier fluid and the lower borehole thermal resistance. The analysis was conducted considering two different types of ground with different thermal conductivity values. As result, the more conductive ground type highlights the higher yield of the coaxial probe.

Microclimatic Monitoring for the Environmental Risk Assessment of the Capilla Mayor, Santiago De Compostela Cathedral (Spain)

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies (Print), Jun 1, 2018

The study of the microclimate is a fundamental prerequisite of cultural heritage restoration stra... more The study of the microclimate is a fundamental prerequisite of cultural heritage restoration strategy, as the durability of the interventions strongly depends on the environmental conditions. Before the restoration of the frescoes of the apse, seriously degraded, the microclimate in the Capilla Mayor of the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral was monitored continuously for one year to assess the main environmental risks and elaborate a preventive conservation plan. The main natural and anthropic factors affecting the microclimate of the Capilla were identified, as well as their relevance and the associated risk of damage to the frescoes. In particular, the thermo-hygrometric values measured close to the vault were not fully in compliance with respect to the ranges indicated in literature for the conservation of the frescoes. Finally, solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions in the Capilla, thus reducing further damage and enhancing the durability of the frescoes after the planned restoration.

Effects of air pollution and microclimate on stained glass windows: preliminary results in the Sainte Chapelle (Paris)

CRC Press eBooks, Aug 15, 2004

... Paris) A. Bernardi & F. Becherini Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National... more

Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps

Energies

The European building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of total energy consumption and... more The European building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of total energy consumption and for 36% of greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying technological solutions capable of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main objectives of the European Commission. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are of particular interest for this purpose, promising a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of HVAC systems. This paper reports the results of the energetic analysis carried out within the EU research project GEO4CIVHIC about the performance of geothermal heat pumps working with low-GWP refrigerants as alternatives for R134a and R410A. The work has been carried out through computer simulations based on base and regenerative reverse cycles. Several heat sink and heat source temperature conditions have been considered in order to evaluate the GSHPs’ performance in the whole range of real conditions that can be found in Europe. Particular attenti...

Innovative Geothermal Application Development to support in situ workers

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An innovative user-friendly smart phone/tablet-based Application (App) t... more &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An innovative user-friendly smart phone/tablet-based Application (App) to support users (drillers, owners, designers) on site to complete a preliminary evaluation of the shallow geothermal heat exchangers and heat pump system feasibility was developed in the framework of the EU funded GEO4CIVHIC Project. The App is expected to provide a preliminary evaluation of drilling time and costs, allowing users to design a first version of the geothermal system, including number of probes and recommended drilling method.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The App requires the geolocation, the underground and building structure, the feasibility and the best drilling solution for the site to be analysed. Hence, the reference data defined by the project concerning the fundamental ground parameters (thermal conductivity, lithology etc&amp;amp;#8230;), the climatic classes typical of the European territory and the energy profile of a selection of buildings, representative of the European buildings&amp;amp;#8217; typology, are stored in a specific database internal to the application itself.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Once the site geolocation is defined, automatically or manually, the user is required to insert geological information. The geological section is developed for non-expert users to allow them a simplified underground geological characterization based on intuitive information related to the form of the landscape (geomorphology) and a rough idea of the rocks/sediments present in the area. Selecting an environment, a sub-environment and a lithology, the App, considering a simplified stratigraphy of about 100 m depth characterized by a homogenous material in saturated conditions, provides an output related to (i) the best method to drill the underground, (ii) the evaluation of time and cost for the drilling method suggested, (iii) the thermal conductivity value linked to the main lithology.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In the Building section, an estimate of the maximum energy requirement for both heating and cooling knowing the latitude and longitude coordinates and the building typology of the test site is obtained. In the App database, the European cities, based on their geographic coordinates, are grouped in four simplified climatic zone domains according to the K&amp;amp;#246;ppen-Geiger climate classification. This allow to obtain the average annual degree days (DD) for heating and cooling necessary to calculate the cooling and heating loads of the building. Then, selecting the reference building typology (residential/non-residential) and the ground characteristics, the App automatically calculate the geothermal field size necessary to meet its energy needs.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The validation in the Mechelen (Belgium) case study of GEO4CIVHIC project shows a good agreement between the App simplified information and the real case condition. Next future more validation will be provided. However, the App outputs are a preliminary, not refined estimate of the geothermal feasibility to realize shallow geothermal systems and cannot be considered as sufficiently detailed to plan these systems. On this regard it is mandatory to acquire more detailed local information, consulting local experts and/or referring to the Decision Support System (DSS) of GEO4CIVHIC Project.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;GEO4CIVHIC&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;project has received funding from the European Union&amp;amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 792355.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Selection of backfill grout for shallow geothermal systems: Materials investigation and thermo-physical analysis

Construction and Building Materials, 2022

Protective Structures for the Conservation of Archaeological Sites : environmental considerations on the shelters over the Hagar Qim and Mnajdra temples of Malta

The Megalithic Temples of Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, constructed in Qrendi between the mid-fourth and... more The Megalithic Temples of Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, constructed in Qrendi between the mid-fourth and mid-third millennia BC, are amongst the oldest free-standing stone buildings of such complexity in the world. They are of great local and international significance and they have been included since 1992 on the UNESCO's World Heritage List. These Temples are currently suffering from a series of severe structural problems as well as different forms of stone deterioration: the Globigerina Limestone shows powdering, flaking and scaling of the surface, as well as alveolar weathering, mainly due to salt crystallisation, in particular of chlorides acting on the very porous stone. Protective structures have long been considered the best in situ measures for preventive conservation of archaeological sites. However, the nature of problems in conserving sites under protective structures varies widely. The design of a new structure should improve the environmental conditions for the archaeolog...

A new approach of the surface temperature measurement for a preventive conservation of the work of arts

Mapping the techno-economic potential of closed-loop geothermal systems: a Europe-tested method

1 Institute of Earth Science, SUPSI, Campus Trevano, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland (rodolfo.pereg... more 1 Institute of Earth Science, SUPSI, Campus Trevano, CH-6952 Canobbio, Switzerland (rodolfo.perego@supsi.ch) 2 Department of Geosciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy 3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy 4 GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany 5 CRES (Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving), Pikérmi, Greece 6 GEO-GREEN sprl Rue de Priesmont, 63 B-1495 Marbais, Belgium 7 SLR Environmental Consulting Ireland Ltd. 7, Dundrum Business Park, Windy Arbour, D14, Ireland 8 CNR-ISAC (Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate), Padova, Italy

Microclimate inside Cultural Heritage buildings

Microclimate inside Cultural Heritage Buildings, 2008

The problem of Cultural Heritage conservation is growing in importance. This is due to the increa... more The problem of Cultural Heritage conservation is growing in importance. This is due to the increasing interest and sensitivity in this field, as well as the large awareness of the uniqueness of the works of art that have been preserved up to the present generation. Nevertheless, not much knowledge has been developed up to now on the non-destructive diagnosis of the environment in which the works of art are being exhibited and preserved. The people in charge of the restoration, the transport, the exhibition and, at a general level, the management of the works of art often don't have enough background on and familiarity with the Microclimate inside Cultural Heritage buildings. Hence, this book has been written with the aim to fill this big gap in the world of scientific publishing and to provide the basis of microclimatology applied to Cultural Heritage conservation. The subject is being covered a simple way, rich in suggestions and important case-studies as examples. Part of the book is focused on the theoretical background of microclimatic monitoring, with an in depth study of the methodology and the experimental apparatus. An even larger part is devoted to the description of field surveys and practices in important European buildings.

Evaluation of the Microclimatic Conditions in the _Vasari Room aimed at its Future Exploitation by the Public.pdf

microclimate measurements in the cour Marly,Louvre Museum