S é r i e E n s i n o , A p r e n d i z a g e m e Te c n o l o g i a s

Tópicos em Bioquímica
e Microbiologia Bucais

Sandra Liana Henz

Lina Naomi Hashizume
Rodrigo Alex Arthur

2ª edição
S é r i e E n s i n o , A p r e n d i z a g e m e Te c n o l o g i a s

Tópicos em Bioquímica
e Microbiologia Bucais

Sandra Liana Henz

Lina Naomi Hashizume
Rodrigo Alex Arthur

2ª edição
© dos autores
1.ª edição: 1995

Direitos reservados desta edição:

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Coordenação da Série:
Cínthia Kulpa, Tanara Forte Furtado e Marcello Ferreira

Coordenação da Editoração: Cínthia Kulpa e Ely Petry

Revisão: Equipe de Revisão da SEAD
Capa: Bruno Assis, Jéssica dos Santos e Tábata Costa
Editoração eletrônica: Jéssica dos Santos e Tábata Costa

$JUDĆDGHVWDREUDIRLDWXDOL]DGDFRQIRUPHR$FRUGR2UWRJU£ĆFRGD/¯QJXD
3RUWXJXHVDGHTXHHQWURXHPYLJRUQR%UDVLOHP|GHMDQHLURGH

2SUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRIRLUHDOL]DGRFRPDSRLRGD&RRUGHQD©¥RGH$SHUIHL©RDPHQ-
WRGH3HVVRDOGH1¯YHO6XSHULRU%UDVLO &$3(6 &µGLJRGH)LQDQFLDPHQWR

H528t Henz, Sandra Liana

Tópicos em bioquímica e microbiologia bucais [recurso eletrônico]
/ Sandra Liana Henz, Lina Naomi Hashizume [e] Rodrigo Alex Arthur ;
coordenado pela SEAD/UFRGS. – 2. ed. – Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS,
2021.
321 p. : QEG
(Série Ensino, Aprendizagem e Tecnologias)
1. Odontologia. 2. Bioquímica bucal. 3. Microbiologia bucal. 4. Ecolo-
gia bucal. 5. Biofilme dental. 6. Cárie. 7. Erosão dentária. 8. Saliva. 9. Flúor.
10. Infecções odontogênicas. I. Hashizume, Lina Naomi. II. Arthur, Ro-
drigo Alex. III. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Secretaria de
Educação a Distância. IV. Título. V. Série
CDU 579.61:616.314-002

CIP-Brasil. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação.

(Jaqueline Trombin – Bibliotecária responsável CRB10/979)

ISBN 978-65-5725-038-9
2
Ecologia Bucal

Sandra Liana Henz

Lina Naomi Hashizume
Rodrigo Alex Arthur

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 53

 $ HFRORJLD PLFURELDQD GHĆQHVH SRU DWXD©·HV GH PLFURRUJDQLV-
PRVHPHFRVVLVWHPDV

Ecologia Bucal: HVWXGRGDUHOD©¥RHQWUHRVPHPEURVGDPLFURELRWD

EXFDOHDLQćX¬QFLDGRDPELHQWHVREUHHOHV

Ecossistema Bucal: HVSD©RQDWXUDOFRPFDUDFWHU¯VWLFDVELROµJLFDVH

DPELHQWDLVGHĆQLGDV‹FRPSRVWRSHORVRUJDQLVPRVYLYRVHRVHOHPHQ-
WRVDPELHQWDLV&RPSRVWRSRUIDWRUHVDELµWLFRVHELµWLFRV

Fatores Abióticos: KDELWDW1DFDYLGDGHEXFDOFRQVWLWXHPVHGDVHV-

WUXWXUDVDQDW¶PLFDVGDUHJL¥R PXFRVDVGHQWHVHVXOFRV 7DPE«P
ID]HPSDUWHWHPSHUDWXUDXPLGDGHS+HSRWHQFLDOGHR[LUUHGX©¥R

Fatores Bióticos:PLFURRUJDQLVPRVTXHYLYHPQRKDELWDW

MICROBIOTA NORMAL DO ORGANISMO

&DGDUHJL¥RGRRUJDQLVPRSRVVXLXPDPLFURELRWDFDUDFWHU¯V-
WLFDHPGHFRUU¬QFLDGHIDWRUHVFRPRVXSHUI¯FLHVDGHTXDGDVSDUD
DGHV¥RHVWUXWXUDVHVSHF¯ĆFDVGRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVWHPSHUDWXUD
XPLGDGHSUHVHQ©DGHIDWRUHVQXWULWLYRVHTXDQWLGDGHGHVXEVW¤Q-
cias inibitórias.
1DFDYLGDGHRUDOSRGHVHUYHULĆFDGDXPDV«ULHGHIHQ¶PHQRVGH
LQWHUD©·HVPLFURELDQDVIDYRUHFLGDVSHODJUDQGHYDULHGDGHHTXDQWLGDGH
GHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVTXHQHODKDELWDPEHPFRPRSHODVVXDVFDUDFWH-
U¯VWLFDVDQDW¶PLFDVHĆVLROµJLFDV$ERFDSRVVXLFRQGL©·HVYDUL£YHLVGH

54 Ecologia Bucal
R[LJ¬QLRQXWULHQWHVHHVWUXWXUDV2ćX[RVDOLYDUHRćXLGRGRVXOFRJHQ-
JLYDOFULDPFRQGL©·HVIDYRU£YHLV¢VH[LJ¬QFLDVQXWULWLYDVUHVSLUDWµULDVH
GHDGHU¬QFLDSDUDRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRV

$ćRUDSUHVHQWHQDFDYLGDGHEXFDOHPJHUDO«FODVVLĆFDGDHPWU¬V
tipos:

• Indígena: JUXSRĆ[RRXSHUPDQHQWHGHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVHQFRQ-
WUDGRVHPXPDGHWHUPLQDGD£UHDHPTXDQWLGDGHFRPSDW¯YHOFRP
RKRVSHGHLUR4XDQGRDOWHUDGDSURQWDPHQWHVHUHFRPS·H7DP-
E«PFKDPDGDGHSHUPDQHQWHQRUPDORXDXWµWRFQH&RPSUHHQGH
DTXHODVHVS«FLHVSUHVHQWHVHPQ¼PHURVXSHULRUDHPFDGDV¯WLR
HVSHF¯ĆFR

• Suplementar: JUXSR GH PLFURRUJDQLVPRV SUHVHQWHV HP EDL[R

Q¼PHUR DEDL[RGH SRGHQGRHVWDUDVVRFLDGRVDGRHQ©DV&RP
DOWHUD©·HVQRPHLRDPELHQWHSRGHPDXPHQWDUHPQ¼PHURRXWRU-
QDUHPVHSDUWHGDPLFURELRWDLQG¯JHQD

• Transitória:JUXSRGHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVQ¥RSDWRJ¬QLFRVRXSR-
WHQFLDOPHQWHSDWRJ¬QLFRVTXHKDELWDPRPHLREXFDOSRUKRUDVGLDV
RXVHPDQDV6¥RHVS«FLHVRULJLQ£ULDVGRPHLRDPELHQWHTXHĆFDP
SUHVHQWHV SRU XP GHWHUPLQDGR SHU¯RGR H GHSRLV V¥R HOLPLQDGDV
SRUPHFDQLVPRVGHGHIHVD1¥RVHHVWDEHOHFHPGHPRGRSHUPD-
QHQWHQDUHJL¥RSRUQ¥RFRQVHJXLUHPVHĆ[DUDHOD

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 55

 IMPORTÂNCIA E PREJUÍZOS DA MICROBIOTA
PARA O HOSPEDEIRO

• Efeitos positivos: nutrição do hospedeiro (digestão e síntese de

YLWDPLQDV HVWLPXODRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHDQWLFRUSRVQDWXUDLVSD-
SHOQRDQWDJRQLVPRDPLFURRUJDQLVPRVSDWRJ¬QLFRVDWXD©¥RQR
GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHWHFLGRVHµUJ¥RV

• Efeitos negativos: UHD©·HVGHKLSHUVHQVLELOLGDGHHLQIHF©·HV F£-

ULHGRHQ©DSHULRGRQWDOLQIHF©·HVDQDHUµELFDVHHQGRFDUGLWHEDFWH-
ULDQDVXEDJXGD (PFHUWDVRFDVL·HVRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVSUHVHQWHV
SRGHPH[HUFHURSDSHOGHSDWµJHQRVRSRUWXQLVWDVFRPRDCândida
spp. e Staphylococcus sppTXHW¬PVLGRUHSRUWDGRVHPFDVRVGHVX-
SHULQIHF©·HV 0$57,16.2*$,72-25*( 

CARACTERÍSTICAS DA MICROBIOTA BUCAL

$FDYLGDGHEXFDOIRLGHVFULWDHPSRU$SSOHWRQFRPRXPVLV-
WHPD ćXYLDO $ PLFURELRWD EXFDO « XP VLVWHPD GH FUHVFLPHQWR EDFWH-
ULDQRDEHUWRHTXHSHUPLWHLQWHUD©·HVHQWUHVXDVHVS«FLHVFRQVWLWXLQWHV
1XWULHQWHVR[LJ¬QLRHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVV¥RLQWURGX]LGRVHUHPRYLGRV
FRQVWDQWHPHQWH2HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVVHG£DWUDY«V
GHVXDVFDSDFLGDGHVGHDGHU¬QFLD¢VVXSHUI¯FLHVGRPHLREXFDORXTXH
VHUHIXJLDPHPVXOFRVĆVVXUDVRXHVSD©RVLQWHUSUR[LPDLVGRVGHQWHV

56 Ecologia Bucal
 7UDWDVHGHXPDPLFURELRWDSUµSULDGHYLGRDFDUDFWHU¯VWLFDVSUµSULDV
GD FDYLGDGH RUDO FRPR R VLVWHPD ćXYLDO SURSRUFLRQDGR SHOD SUHVHQ©D
FRQVWDQWHGDVDOLYDHGHRXWURVćXLGRVRUDLV,VVRVLJQLĆFDTXHDPDLRULD
GRVVHXVFRPSRQHQWHVQ¥RWHPFDSDFLGDGHGHFRORQL]DURXWURORFDO

([LVWHP QD ERFD FHUFD GH  HVS«FLHV EDFWHULDQDV GLIHUHQWHV

FRQVWLWXLQGRXPDP«GLDGHPLOK·HVGHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVDFDGDPL-
OLOLWURGHVDOLYDHFHUFDGHELOK·HVDFDGDJUDPDGHELRĆOPH4XDQWR
¢DTXLVL©¥RGDPLFURELRWDRUHF«PQDVFLGR«DVV«SWLFRHFRQVWLWXLVXD
PLFURELRWDFRPPLFURRUJDQLVPRVYLQGRVGHYH¯FXORVDPELHQWDLVFRPR
DU£JXDHFRQWDWRFRPRXWURVVHUHVKXPDQRVHOHLWHPDWHUQR-£QRSUL-
PHLURGLDGHYLGDDGTXLULPRVGLIHUHQWHVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVTXHVHHVWD-
EHOHFHPQRVWHFLGRVPROHV

1DV FULDQ©DV DLQGD GHVGHQWDGDV D PLFURELRWD SUHGRPLQDQWH « D

DHUµELDHQTXDQWRTXHQDVFULDQ©DVGHQWDGDVHDGXOWRVREVHUYDVHXPD
PLFURELRWD PLVWD 2V PLFURRUJDQLVPRV SLRQHLURV LVRODGRV GXUDQWH DV
SULPHLUDVVHPDQDVSµVQDWDOV¥RSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHRVStreptococcus,
incluindo os S. Mitis, S. oralis e S. salivarius$PLFURELRWDWRUQDVHPDLV
FRPSOH[DDRORQJRGRVPHVHVLQLFLDLVFRPEDFW«ULDVFRPRDVeillonella e
a PrevotellaLQFOX¯GDVQDFRPXQLGDGHEDFWHULDQD

1DPHGLGDHPTXHRFRUUHPDVHUXS©·HVGHQW£ULDV, vão criando-se

GLIHUHQWHVVXSHUI¯FLHVSDUDDDJUHJD©¥RPLFURELDQDFRPRIµVVXODVĆV-
VXUDVHVXOFRVJHQJLYDLVFDUDFWHUL]DQGRDFULD©¥RGHQLFKRVDQDHUµELRV
(QWUH RV PLFURRUJDQLVPRV TXH VH HVWDEHOHFHP D SDUWLU GH HQW¥R, en-
FRQWUDPVH S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguis DOJXPDV HVS«FLHV GH Acti-
nomyces e bactérias anaeróbias.

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 57

 'XUDQWHDFRORQL]D©¥RFRQW¯QXDDPLFURELRWDVRIUHDOWHUD©¥RGHPL-
FURELRWDDHUµELDSDUDPLFURELRWDDQDHUµELD2VStreptococcus mutans ne-
FHVVLWDPGHVXSHUI¯FLHVGXUDVSDUDVHDGHULUHPPDVPHVPRDVVLPDOJXQV
DXWRUHVUHODWDPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHVVHVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVID]HUHPSDUWHGD
PLFURELRWDRUDOGHEHE¬VHG¬QWXORVFRPRKDELWDQWHVWUDQVLWµULRVXPDYH]
TXHQ¥RHQFRQWUDPDVFRQGL©·HVIDYRU£YHLVSDUDDFRORQL]D©¥RHIHWLYD

([LVWHPTXDWURQLFKRVGHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVSULQFLSDLVQDFDYLGDGH
RUDO VXSHUI¯FLH GR GHQWH VXOFR JHQJLYDO GRUVR GD O¯QJXD H PXFRVD GD
ERFKHFKD(PFDGDXPDGHVVDVUHJL·HVK£XPDPLFURELRWDHVSHF¯ĆFD
GHYLGRDRVPHFDQLVPRVGHDGHU¬QFLDGRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVHDRVPH-
FDQLVPRVGHGHIHVDGRKRVSHGHLUR

• Língua&RFRV*UDPSRVLWLYRVUHSUHVHQWDPGRWRWDO(QWUH
eles estão S. salivarius, S. mitis, S. sanguis.(QWUHRVFRFRV*UDPQH-
gativos, está presente a VeillonellaFRPPDLRUYLUXO¬QFLDHHQWUHRV
EDVWRQHWHV*UDPSRVLWLYRVDActinomyces.

• Superfície dental&RFRV*UDPSRVLWLYRV S. salivarius, S. mitis, S.

sanguis e S. milleri UHSUHVHQWDPGRWRWDO7DPE«PHVW¥RSUH-
VHQWHVFRFRV*UDPQHJDWLYRVHEDVWRQHWHV*UDPQHJDWLYRV

• Sulco gengival SUHVHQ©D GH FRFRV *UDPSRVLWLYRV EDVWRQHWHV

*UDPSRVLWLYRV Actinomyces  H EDVWRQHWHV *UDPQHJDWLYRV Bac-
teroides e Fusobacterium).

• Mucosa da bochecha IDYRUHFH DQDHUµELRV IDFXOWDWLYRV ([

Streptococcus viridans.

58 Ecologia Bucal
SUCESSÃO MICROBIANA

3URFHVVR GH WURFD GH XPD FRPXQLGDGH SRU RXWUD HP UHVSRVWD D
PRGLĆFD©·HVGRKDELWDW2FRUUHDTXLVL©¥RGHQRYRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRV
HPRGLĆFD©¥RQDTXDQWLGDGHHQDORFDOL]D©¥RGRVM£H[LVWHQWHV&RORQL-
]DGRUHVVHFXQG£ULRVDGHUHPVHDRVSULP£ULRVSRULQWHUD©·HVDGHVLQD-
UHFHSWRU$VXFHVV¥RGHPLFURRUJDQLVPRVHPXPGHWHUPLQDGRPHLR
SRGH RFRUUHU GH GXDV IRUPDV IDYRUHFHQGR TXH GLIHUHQWHV HVS«FLHV R
FRORQL]HPDSDUWLUGHHQW¥R

• AlogênicaTXDQGRRKDELWDW«DOWHUDGRSRUIDWRUHVQ¥RPLFURELD-
QRVPDVVLPSRUPRGLĆFD©¥RQDVFRQGL©·HVGRPHLRRXQRKRVSH-
GHLUR([HPSORVV¥RRQDVFLPHQWRDHUXS©¥RRXSHUGDGHQW£ULDRV
SURFHGLPHQWRVGHKLJLHQHEXFDODSUHVHQ©DGHGRHQ©DV

• AutogênicaTXDQGRRKDELWDW«DOWHUDGRSHORVSUµSULRVPLFUR-
RUJDQLVPRV GR PHLR ([HPSORV V¥R D UHPR©¥R GH QXWULHQWHV D
IRUPD©¥RGH£FLGRVHDSURGX©¥RGHFRPSRVWRVLQLELWµULRV2VPL-
FURRUJDQLVPRVSLRQHLURVFULDPXPPHLRTXH«PDLVIDYRU£YHOSDUD
DSUROLIHUD©¥RGRVLQYDVRUHVVHFXQG£ULRV

DETERMINANTES ECOLÓGICOS

6¥RIDWRUHVTXHFRQGLFLRQDPDH[LVW¬QFLDGRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVQD
PLFURELRWDEXFDOFRQWURODQGRTXDLVLU¥RVHHVWDEHOHFHUHRQGHLU¥RVH
HVWDEHOHFHU3RGHPVHU

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 59

 • Fatores FísicosFDUDFWHU¯VWLFDVHVWUXWXUDLVGRDPELHQWH([HP-
SORWHPSHUDWXUDHPr&XPLGDGHFRQWURODGDS+HQWUHHH
SRWHQFLDOGHR[LUUHGX©¥R DPELHQWHDHUµELRRXDQDHUµELR 

• Fatores Nutricionais FRPSRVL©¥R GD VDOLYD SURWH¯QDV OLS¯GLRV

PLQHUDLV  GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH QXWULHQWHV HQGµJHQRV ćXLGR JHQJL-
YDOF«OXODVVDQJXH HFRQVLVW¬QFLDHFRPSRVL©¥RGDGLHWDGRKRV-
pedeiro.

• Fatores InibitóriosSUHVHQ©DGHćX[RVDOLYDUPRYLPHQWRVPXV-
FXODUHVGHVFDPD©¥RQDWXUDOGDVF«OXODVHSLWHOLDLVGDPXFRVDSU£-
WLFDV GH KLJLHQH EXFDO SUHVHQ©D GH LQLELGRUHV VDOLYDUHV HQ]LPDV
FRP FDSDFLGDGH O¯WLFD  H VXEVW¤QFLDV EDFWHULDQDV £FLGRV H EDFWH-
riocinas).

• Fatores de AderênciaSRVVLELOLGDGHGHDGHU¬QFLDFRPDVXSHU-
I¯FLH SUHVHQ©D GH WHFLGRV Ć[RV H FDSDFLGDGH GH DGHU¬QFLD HQWUH
espécies.

ADERÊNCIA BACTERIANA

6¥RPHLRVGHUHWHQ©¥RGRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVSDUDVHHVWDEHOHFHU
QDFDYLGDGHRUDO4XDQGRFRQVHJXHPUHVLVWLUDRVIDWRUHVGHWHUPLQDQ-
WHVFRQVHJXHPFRORQL]DUDUHJL¥RDWUDY«VGHVVHVPHLRV

([LVWHPGRLVPHFDQLVPRVHVVHQFLDLVGHDGHU¬QFLDEDFWHULDQD6¥R
eles a retenção adesiva e a não adesiva.

60 Ecologia Bucal
 Retenção adesiva: DGHV¥R GDV EDFW«ULDV ¢ VXSHUI¯FLH GRV WHFLGRV
EXFDLV8PPLFURRUJDQLVPRSRGHSRVVXLUY£ULRVPHFDQLVPRVGHDGH-
V¥RRXSRGHSRVVXLUQHQKXPHPHVPRDVVLPFRQVHJXLUVHHVWDEHOHFHU
$VEDFW«ULDVSRVVXHPPHFDQLVPRVGHDGHV¥RTX¯PLFRI¯VLFRVFRPR

Glicocálice Bacteriano: cápsulas polissacarídeas externas à pa-

UHGHFHOXODUTXHSHUPLWHPDIRUPD©¥RGHSRQWHVGHKLGURJ¬QLRRX
LQWHUD©·HVGLSRORGLSRORHQWUHRGHQWHHDEDFW«ULD

Figura: Glicocálice bacteriano.

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 61

 Pili ou Fímbrias: H[WHQV·HV GR JOLFRF£OLFH TXH IRUPDP SRQWHV GH
contato entre a bactéria e o dente.

Figura: Pili ou Fímbrias bacterianas apontadas pela seta.

Adesinas: PRO«FXODVGRJOLFRF£OLFHRXGDVI¯PEULDVTXHVHOLJDPDRV
UHFHSWRUHV ORFDOL]DGRV QD VXSHUI¯FLH GHQW£ULD QDV F«OXODV HSLWHOLDLV RX
na película adquirida.

Figura: Adesinas bacterianas representadas pela cor verde. Fonte: Autores.

62 Ecologia Bucal
 Camada de Hidratação: FDPDGDIRUPDGDSRU¯RQVF£OFLRTXHV¥R
¯RQVSRVLWLYRVTXHVHOLJDPDRV¯RQVQHJDWLYRVGRGHQWHHGDEDFW«ULD
SURPRYHQGRVXDLQWHUD©¥R

Polissacarídeos Extracelulares (PEC): SRO¯PHURV IRUPDGRV SHODV

EDFW«ULDVDSDUWLUGDVDFDURVHTXHSURPRYHPDGHU¬QFLDHQWUHDVXSHUI¯-
FLHGHQW£ULDHRPLFURRUJDQLVPRRXHQWUHRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRV

Polímeros Salivares: substâncias presentes na saliva, envolvidas

QDĆ[D©¥RLQLFLDOGDVEDFW«ULDV

Micro-organismos: FRQVWLWXLQWHVGHVXDVXSHUI¯FLHSRVVXHPHVWUX-
WXUDVTXHDX[LOLDPQDDGHU¬QFLDGHQRYRVPLFURRUJDQLVPRV

([HPSORVGHDGHV¥R

S. mitis, sanguis e mutans: VHDGHUHP¢VXSHUI¯FLHVGXUDV

S. salivarius:VHDGHUH¢O¯QJXDHERFKHFKD3RVVXLJOLFRF£OLFHĆEULODU
denso.

S. sanguis, A. viscosus e A. naeslundii V¥RDJOXWLQDGRVSRUSRO¯PHURV

salivares.

S. mutans é aglutinado por polissacarídeo extracelular dextrano.

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 63

 Figura: S. sanguis (imagem de microscopia eletrônica).

Figura: S. mutans (imagem de microscopia eletrônica).

64 Ecologia Bucal
Figura: S. Salivarius (imagem de microscopia eletrônica).

Retenção não adesiva:G£VHSHODUHWHQ©¥RPHF¤QLFDGDVEDFW«ULDV

HPVXSHUI¯FLHVFRPRIµVVXODVĆVVXUDVOHV·HVFDULRVDVVXOFRJHQJLYDO
EROVDVSHULRGRQWDLV&KHJDPDW«HVVDUHJL¥RSRUYH¯FXORVFRPRDU£JXD
HDOLPHQWRV

CARACTERÍSTICAS E RELAÇÕES ESTABELECIDAS

ENTRE MICRO-ORGANISMOS

'HQWURGHXPDPLFURELRWDFRPSRVWDSRUY£ULDVHVS«FLHVRFRUUHP
GLYHUVRVWLSRVGHLQWHUD©·HVPLFURELDQDVFRQVLGHUDQGRVHDVGLIHUHQ-
WHVĆVLRORJLDVGHFDGDPLFURRUJDQLVPR$DQĆELRVH UHOD©¥RHVWDEHOH-

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 65

 FLGD HQWUH PLFURRUJDQLVPRV HP XP GHWHUPLQDGR PHLR  SRGH RFRUUHU
GHPDQHLUDVLPELµWLFD UHOD©¥RFRRSHUDWLYD RXDQWLELµWLFD UHOD©¥RDQ-
tagônica).

Simbiose UHOD©¥R FRRSHUDWLYD RQGH K£ DVVRFLD©¥R GH PLFUR

RUJDQLVPRVFRPEHQHI¯FLRP¼WXR([HPSORStreptococcusSURGX]HP
£FLGRO£WLFRFRQVXPLGRSHODVeillonellaTXHPDQW«PRS+HVW£YHOQH-
FHVV£ULRSDUDRFUHVFLPHQWRGRVStreptococcus.

Antibiose: UHOD©¥RDQWDJ¶QLFDRQGHDSUHVHQ©DGHXPPLFURRUJD-
QLVPRLQLEHDGRRXWUR([HPSORStreptococcus mutans SURGX]PXWDFL-
QDVTXHLQLEHPEDFW«ULDV*UDPSRVLWLYDV

$QĆELRVH: DVVRFLD©¥R HQWUH PLFURRUJDQLVPRV H KRVSHGHLUR TXH

SRGHRFRUUHURUDFRPRVLPELRVH EHQ«ĆFDP¼WXDHHVW£YHO HRUDFRPR
DQWLELRVH SUHMXGLFLDOHLQVW£YHO 

$PLFURELRWDGDFDYLGDGHRUDOYDULDGHLQGLY¯GXRSDUDLQGLY¯GXRH
DW« PHVPR QR PHVPR LQGLY¯GXR GHYLGR D RVFLOD©·HV VLVW¬PLFDV ‹ QH-
FHVV£ULRTXHKDMDXPHTXLO¯EULRHQWUHDPLFURELRWDEXFDOHRVWHFLGRVGR
KRVSHGHLURSDUDTXHWHQKDPRVVD¼GH&DVRRFRUUDXPGHVHTXLO¯EULRK£
QHFHVVLGDGH GH XPD DERUGDJHP FXLGDGRVD UHODFLRQDGD ¢ RULHQWD©¥R
GDGLHWDPHOKRULDVGHKLJLHQHEXFDOXVRGHHOLPLQDGRUHVGHEDFW«ULDVH
PRGLĆFD©¥RGHKDELWDWV

4XDQWR ¢ DWLYLGDGH IXQFLRQDO RV PLFURRUJDQLVPRV SRGHP DSUH-

VHQWDUFHUWDVFDUDFWHU¯VWLFDVFRPR

• AcidogênicosFDSDFLGDGHGHSURGX©¥RGH£FLGRDSDUWLUGHXP
VXEVWUDWR 7RGRV RV PLFURRUJDQLVPRV DFLGRJ¬QLFRV V¥R WDPE«P
DFLG¼ULFRV([HPSORLactobacillus e Streptococcus.

66 Ecologia Bucal
 • Acidúricos FDSDFLGDGH GH VREUHYLY¬QFLD HP PHLRV FRP R S+
EDL[R([HPSORVLactobacillus, Streptococcus H/HYHGXUDV

• ProteolíticosFDSDFLGDGHGHGHJUDGD©¥RGHSURWH¯QDV([HPSOR
Prevotella e certos Streptococcus.

• SacarolíticosFDSDFLGDGHGHGHJUDGD©¥RGHD©¼FDUHV([HPSOR
certos Streptococcus.

Principais micro-organismos encontrados na cavidade

bucal

2V PLFURRUJDQLVPRV PDLV SUHYDOHQWHV HQFRQWUDGRV QD FDYLGDGH

EXFDOV¥RRVFRFRV*UDPSRVLWLYRV VHQGRRVStreptococcusRVPDLVSUH-
YDOHQWHV 3RVVXHPDVFDUDFWHU¯VWLFDVGHVHUHPDQDHUµELRVIDFXOWDWLYRV
&RPSUHHQGHPFHUFDGHHVS«FLHVQDFDYLGDGHEXFDO6¥RGLIHUHQFLD-
GRV HP £JDU 0LWLV6DOLYDULXV $SUHVHQWDPVH QD IRUPD HVI«ULFD H V¥R
GLVSRVWRVHPFDGHLD

Cocos gram-positivos:

• Streptococcus salivarius V¥R XP GRV SULPHLURV FRORQL]DGRUHV GD

FDYLGDGHRUDO6¥RFRORQL]DGRUHVSHUPDQHQWHV&RORQL]DPWHFLGRV
PROHVHSRVVXHPEDL[DFDULRJHQLFLGDGH

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 67

 • Streptococcus sanguis«DHVS«FLHPDLVLVRODGDGRELRĆOPH4XDQGR
presente no sangue esta espécie indica a presença de endocardite
EDFWHULDQDVXEDJXGDPDVSRVVXLEDL[DYLUXO¬QFLDQDFDYLGDGHEX-
FDO6¥RFRORQL]DGRUHVGHWHFLGRVGXURV

• Streptococcus mutansV¥RXPFRPSOH[RGHHVS«FLHVFRPRIHQµ-
WLSR HP FRPXP FODVVLĆFD©¥R HP  VXEHVS«FLHV VHQGR S. mutans
e S. sobrinus LVRODGRV HP KXPDQRV  $OWDPHQWH DVVRFLDGRV FRP R
FRQVXPRGHXPDGLHWDULFDHPVDFDURVHHKLJLHQHRUDO GHĆFLHQWH
VHQGR DVVRFLDGRV FRP D SUHVHQ©D GD GRHQ©D F£ULH 6¥R FRORQL]D-
GRUHV GD VXSHUI¯FLH GRV GHQWHV 3URGX]HP 3(& SROLVVDFDU¯GHRV
H[WUDFHOXODUHVDSDUWLUGHVDFDURVH TXHDX[LOLDPQRVPHFDQLVPRV
GHDGHV¥RHSROLVVDFDU¯GHRVLQWUDFHOXODUHV3,& DSDUWLUGHFDUERL-
GUDWRV IHUPHQW£YHLV  $OJXQV IHUPHQWDP PDQLWRO H VRUELWRO PDV
QHQKXP R [LOLWRO )RUPDP FRO¶QLDV HOHYDGDV LUUHJXODUHV LPHUVDV
HPJOLFDQDVD]XODGDVHĆUPHV

Figura: Colônias de S. mutans cultivadas em ágar Mitis-Salivarius. Fonte: Autores.

68 Ecologia Bucal
 • Streptococcus mitis IRUPD SHTXHQDV FRO¶QLDV SXQWLIRUPHV ‹
SURGXWRU GH SRO¯PHUR EDFWHULDQR H[WUDFHOXODU 3(&  HP SHTXHQD
TXDQWLGDGHPDVSRVVXLEDL[DFDULRJHQLFLGDGH&RORQL]DY£ULRVOR-
cais da cavidade bucal.

Cocos gram-negativos:

• NeisseriaDQDHUµELRVYLYHPLVRODGRVRXDRVSDUHV9£ULDVHVS«-
FLHVFRORQL]DPHPEDL[DVFRQFHQWUD©·HVDVPXFRVDVGRWUDWRUHV-
piratório superior e da cavidade oral, incluindo o dorso da língua.

• VeillonellaV¥RDQDHUµELRVHVWULWRVHYLYHPHPJUDQGHVPDVVDV(Q-
FRQWUDGRVQRELRĆOPHVXSUDJHQJLYDOQDVUHJL·HVPDLVLQWHUQDV&D-
UDFWHUL]DPVHSRUDSUHVHQWDUDIRUPDGHFRFRVGLVSRVWRVHPSDUHV
)D]HPSDUWHGDPLFURELRWDQRUPDOGDFDYLGDGHEXFDOFµORQHYDJLQD
(PDOJXPDVVLWXD©·HVFRPSRUWDPVHFRPRSDWµJHQRVRSRUWXQLVWDV
TXHSURGX]HPDEVFHVVRVHPDP¯JGDODVF«UHEURHLQIHF©·HVPLVWDV
FDXVDGDVSRUDQDHUµELRV7¬PVLGRLVRODGDVQDVDOLYDHO¯QJXDQDIUH-
TX¬QFLDGHGRVFDVRVHQRELRĆOPHEXFDOHP %5,&(12
3$5',3(5521( 

Bastonetes gram-positivos:

• LactobacillusIHUPHQWDGRUHVGHFDUERLGUDWRV6¥RDFLGRJ¬QLFRVH
DFLG¼ULFRV H SRGHP VHU KRPRIHUPHQWDWLYRV SURGX]HP H[FOXVLYD-
PHQWH£FLGRO£FWLFR HKHWHURIHUPHQWDWLYRV SURGX]HPRXWURV£FLGRV
RUJ¤QLFRVDO«PGR£FLGRO£FWLFRFRPRHWDQROH&2). São anaeróbios

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 69

 IDFXOWDWLYRVHDVVRFLDGRV¢F£ULHGHYLGRDVXDSURSULHGDGHIHUPHQ-
WDGRUDGHFDUERLGUDWRVHGHVXDSUHVHQ©DHPGHQWLQDFDULDGD6XD
FRORQL]D©¥RSULP£ULDVHG£VRPHQWHHP£UHDVUHWHQWLYDVGRGHQWH

Figura: Colônias de Lactobacillus cultivadas em ágar Rogosa. Fonte: Autores.

Figura: Imagem de microscopia óptica de Lactobacillus após a Coloração de Gram. Fonte:

Autores.

70 Ecologia Bucal
 • Actinomyces 6¥R FRORQL]DGRUHV SULP£ULRV GR ELRĆOPH VXSUD-
JHQJLYDO 7HP D IRUPD GH EDVWRQHWHV FXUWRV H ĆODPHQWRVRV 6¥R
DQDHUµELRV IDFXOWDWLYRV TXH VH GHVHQYROYHP PHOKRU QD SUHVHQ©D
GH&2$VVRFLDGRV¢F£ULHGHVXSHUI¯FLHUDGLFXODUGRHQ©DSHULR-
GRQWDOIRUPD©¥RGHDEVFHVVRVQDPXFRVDRUDOQDO¯QJXDQDIDFHH
WDPE«PDGRHQ©DSXOPRQDU

Bastonetes Gram-negativos:

• Fusobacterium6¥RDQDHUµELRVHVWULWRVTXHGHJUDGDPSURWH¯QDV
3RVVXHP H[WUHPLGDGHV DĆODGDV FRQIHULQGROKHV D IRUPD GH IXVR
EDFLORV ODUJRV IXVLIRUPHV  $V F«OXODV V¥R SOHRPµUĆFDV Q¥R IRU-
PDP HVSRURV H V¥R LPµYHLV 6¥R HQFRQWUDGRV QR VXOFR JHQJLYDO
QRVWUDWRVLQWHVWLQDOJHQLWDOHUHVSLUDWµULRKXPDQRV3RGHPFDX-
VDU OHV·HV SXUXOHQWDV JUDYHV $SUHVHQWDP XP LPSRUWDQWH SDSHO
QDIRUPD©¥RGRELRĆOPHGHQW£ULRVHQGRRDJHQWHGHXQL¥RHQWUH
FRORQL]DGRUHVLQLFLDLVHWDUGLRV6XDSDWRJHQLFLGDGHHVW£DVVRFLDGD
¢SUHVHQ©DGHI¯PEULDVOLSRSROLVVDFDU¯GHRV¢SURGX©¥RGHIDWRUHV
VRO¼YHLVLQLELGRUHVGDTXLPLRWD[LDGHSROLPRUIRQXFOHDUHVH¢SUR-
GX©¥RGHPHWDEµOLWRVTXHVHFRPSRUWDPFRPRFRPSRVWRVWµ[LFRV
SDUDRVWHFLGRV *8,/$57(3(5521( 

• Bacteroides %DFLORV *UDPQHJDWLYRV SOHRPµUĆFRV *HUDOPHQWH

V¥RDQDHUµELRVHLPµYHLV DSHQDVGXDVHVS«FLHVDSUHVHQWDPPREL-
OLGDGH 6¥RHQFRQWUDGRVQRVXOFRJHQJLYDOKXPDQRWUDWRLQWHVWLQDO
GHKXPDQRVHDQLPDLVHLQIHF©·HVSXUXOHQWDVWDQWRGHVHUHVKXPD-
QRVFRPRGHDQLPDLV$HVS«FLHW¯SLFD«RBacteroides fragilis, não
VHQGRXPDHVS«FLHEXFDOB. forsythus HVW£IUHTXHQWHPHQWHDVVR-
FLDGR¢SHULRGRQWLWHUHIUDW£ULD$RTXHSDUHFHVXDYLUXO¬QFLDHVW£

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 71

 UHODFLRQDGD FRP D SURGX©¥R GH QHXUDPLQLGDVHV H HQ]LPDV WULSVL-
FDV FRP HVSHFLĆFLGDGH VREUH SURWH¯QDV FRP UHV¯GXRV GH DUJLQLQD
(TANNER et al., 1986).

Espiroquetas:

• Treponema HQFRQWUDGR QR IXQGR GH EROVDV SHULRGRQWDLV 6¥R

DQDHUµELRVHVWULWRVHSRVVXHPćDJHOR(VWXGRUHDOL]DGRSRU5¶©DV
et al  HQFRQWURXDSUHVHQ©DGHT. denticola DVVRFLDGR¢VLQIHF-
©·HVHQGRG¶QWLFDVDWUDY«VGRP«WRGR3&5

Bacilos gram-negativos móveis vibrinóides:

• Campylobacter: PLFURDHUµĆORV FUHVFHPPHOKRUFRPGH2).

6¥R HQFRQWUDGRV QR VXOFR JHQJLYDO GH SDFLHQWHV FRP JHQJLYLWH H
SHULRGRQWLWHMXYHQLOORFDOL]DGD.

Fungos:

• Cândida&RPSUHHQGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHVS«FLHVGHOHYH-
duras não produtoras de endosporos. A espécie típica é a Cândida
albicansXPIXQJRGLPµUĆFRTXHQDIRUPDGHOHYHGXUDDSUHVHQWD
F«OXODVJORERVDV*UDPSRVLWLYDVRYDODGDVRXDORQJDGDV4XDQGR
K£DSUHVHQ©DGHPLF«OLRHVWHVHDSUHVHQWDFRPRSVHXGRKLIDVRX
KLIDVYHUGDGHLUDVTXHVHDORQJDPDSDUWLUGDVOHYHGXUDV3RVVXLD
FDSDFLGDGHGHIHUPHQWDUJOLFRVHHPDOWRVHHJHUDOPHQWHQ¥RIHU-
PHQWDDVDFDURVH+£LQG¯FLRVGHTXHDOWDVFRQWDJHQVGRIXQJRQD

72 Ecologia Bucal
 FDYLGDGH EXFDO SRGHP HVWDU DVVRFLDGDV FRP D SUHVHQ©D GH F£ULH
GHQW£ULD ‹ DHUµELD QR HQWDQWR FUHVFH HP FRQGL©·HV GH DQDHUR-
ELRVH2GRUVRGDO¯QJXD«RUHVHUYDWµULRSULP£ULRGRIXQJRQ¥RHV-
WDQGRXQLIRUPHPHQWHGLVWULEX¯GRSHODFDYLGDGHEXFDO2UHVWDQWH
GDPXFRVDRVGHQWHVDSODFDEDFWHULDQDHDVDOLYDV¥RFRORQL]DGDV
VHFXQGDULDPHQWHSHORIXQJR6XSHUI¯FLHVDFU¯OLFDVSULQFLSDOPHQWH
DGHSUµWHVHVWRWDLVSU«GLVS·HPRDXPHQWRGRQ¼PHURGHCân-
dida albicansSRLVRIXQJRFRORQL]DPDLVLQWHQVDPHQWHHVWDVXSHUI¯-
FLHGRTXHDPXFRVDSDODWLQD2XWUDVSUµWHVHVHRXVRGHDSDUHOKRV
RUWRG¶QWLFRVWDPE«PIDYRUHFHPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVWHIXQJR
QDFDYLGDGHEXFDO0XLWRVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVW¬PLVRODGRCândida al-
bicansQDFDYLGDGHEXFDOGHDGDSRSXOD©¥RGHLQGLY¯GXRV
VDXG£YHLV 0$7$'(+(11,1*3(5521( 

REFERÊNCIAS
%5,&(12&(/6,3$5',&*(50ƒ13(5521(&0$5,$1(//$
Genero Veillonella en cavidad bucal, nuevas especies reportadas. Acta odontol.
venez.&DUDFDVYQ

*8,/$57(&3(5521(0%DFWHULDV3HULRGRQWRSDWµJHQDV%DFLORV
$QDHURELRVJUDQQHJDWLYRVFRPRDJHQWHV(WLROµJLFRVGHOD(QIHUPHGDG
Periodontal. Acta odontol. venez.&DUDFDVYQ

,175$-%*HWDO&RUUHOD©¥RHQWUHR¯QGLFH&32'HQ¯YHLVGH6WUHSWRFRFFXV
PXWDQVQDVDOLYDGHP¥HVHĆOKRVInt. RFO UPFYQS

0$56+30$57,109Microbiologia oral6¥R3DXOR6DQWRV

0$57,16&O«OLD$SDUHFLGDGH3DLYD.2*$,72&ULVWLDQH<XPL-25*(
$QWRQLR2ODYR&DUGRVR3UHVHQFHRI6WDSK\ORFRFFXVVSSDQG&DQGLGDVSSLQWKH
KXPDQRUDOFDYLW\Braz. J. Microbiol6¥R3DXORYQS

Tópicos em Bioquímica e Microbiologia Bucais 73

 0$7$'(+(11,1*03(5521(0)DFWRUHVGHWHUPLQDQWHV
de patogenicidad en relación a la ecologia de Candida Albicans en cavidad bucal:
5HYLVLµQ%LEOLRJU£ĆFDActa odontol. venez.,&DUDFDVYQ

52&$6,VDEHODGDV1HYHVHWDO'HWHF©¥RGH7UHSRQHPDGHQWLFRODHPFDVRV
de abscesso perirradicular agudo. Pesqui. Odontol. Bras.,6¥R3DXORYQ
S

7$11(5$/,6*$57(10(%(562/(-675=(03.20%DFWHURLGHV
IRUV\WKXVVSQRYD6ORZ*URZLQJ)XVLIRUP%DFWHURLGHVVSIURPWKH+XPDQ
2UDO&DYLW\Int. J.Syst. Bacteriol  S

7+</67583$)(-(56.292(FRORJLDRUDOHDF£ULHGHQW£ULDInBBBBBBB
Cariologia clínicaHG6¥R3DXOR/LY6DQWRV&DSS

8=('$0Microbiologia oral0HGVL

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74 Ecologia Bucal