Strike Slip Tectonics, Riedel Shear

TECTONICA DO TIPO
STRIKE-SLIP E OBLIQUA
RIEDEL SHEAR
PULL APART-BASIN
TECTONICA DE INDENTAÇÃOe
STRIKE-SPLI
› Comum nos continentes nos oceanos (ocorre em várias

escalas)
› São faixas estreitas subverticais
› Não há formação nem destruição de crusta
› Ϭ1 e Ϭ3 são horizontais
› Se o plano da falha está a; 0<θ<90° para σ1 - sinistral
› Se o plano da falha está a; 90<θ<180° para σ1 - Dextral
Riedel Shear
Riedel Shear
› Fractura subsidiárias que propogam-se a curta distãncia
da falha principal
› Sãp coetãneas com a falha principal
› Formam-se
› Riedel shears são indicativos do sentido de movimento
Riedel Shear R shears
- 1º a formar-se e são os mais bem
desenvolvido;
- Desenvolvem-se a um ângulo
agudo de 10-20° no sentido
horário em relação a falha
principal e antihorário para a
sinistral;
- O ângulo agudo indidica o sentido
do mov.
- O ângulo é iguaa ao coeficiente
de fricçãp interna
Riedel Shear R’ shears
- São antitéticas
- Alto ângulo
- 75°, i.e. no sentido horário
para a falha dextral e
antihorário para a sinistral
clockwise to a dextral,
P shears
- Sinteticas
- Simetricas em relaçã a R).
- Arranj em en échelon
- Contemporaneo ao R shears
- Acomodam a deformação
contracional
Ligação e segmentação de falhas Strike-slip
Duplexes de um Sistema de Strive Slip
linking of closely-spaced R- and P-shears may create fault-bound lenses (elongate horses)
imbricated between overlapping en échelon segments. Such sets of horizontally stacked and
isolated rock lenses are bounded on both sides by parallel segments of the main fault and thus
define strike-slip duplexes (like thrust or normal-fault duplexes, but tilted to the vertical). They
develop in transfer zones, where displacement is conveyed from one fault segment to another in
systems of stepped strike-slip faults, and in bends, where the orientation of the main fault is
deflected
Transpressão e Transtensão??
FLOWER STRUCTURE
If the vertical component is normal, faults tend to be listric and to form a negative flower structure, which
forms a depressed area. This subsiding, commonly synformal area has generally, in map-view, a wedge- or
a rhomb-shape. It forms a sagpond, a rhomb graben or, on a larger scale, a pull-apart basin. Strike-slip
faults bound the basin on the two parallel sides of the stepover and normal faults bound the basin on the
two end sides. Negative flower structures are also called tulip structures
FLOWER STRUCTURE
If the vertical component is reverse, the splay faults tend to be convex upward, with gentle dips at the
surface. They form a reverse or positive flower structure, which appears as an uplifted, commonly
antiformal area (a rhomb horst or push-up). Positive flower structures are also termed palm-tree
structures, owing to the convex upward form of the upward-diverging faults
San Andreas fault system
Movement history?
•Mathews, 315 km offset of 23.5 Ma volcanic construct; 1.34 cm/yr.
•Anderson, 1.25 cm/yr over last 10 Ma.
•about 2.5 cm/yr for relative plate motion. Deficit - other faults.
•Crowell - total of 350 km on San Andreas fault, 1000 km on diffuse zone.
Along strike kinematics change (north to south):
•San Francisco locked area.
•middle creep section.
•Transverse ranges, Garlock fault.
•Salton trough, transtensional.
SAFOD and stresses along the San Andreas -
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/parkfield/safod_pbo.ph
Anomalies associated with the San Andreas fault that need to be explained:
•sigma one perpendicular to fault (aftershocks, in-situ measurements).
•fold and thrust structures parallel to strike-slip fault (not oblique or en echelon).
•low heat flow.
Model of decoupling and very low strength faults (e.g. Mount & Suppe, 1987).
TECTÓNICA DE INDENTAÇÃO E ESCAPE
Indenter tectonics, also known as escape tectonics, is a branch of

strike-slip tectonics that involves the collision and deformation of two
continental plates. It can be observed in many situations around the
world, and is associated with high-grade metamorphism and
extensive lateral displacement of strata along oblique strike-slip faults[
A continent-continent collision can be visualized as a 'die-and-metal'
model, with a rigid die (the 'indenter') moving into a softer, rigid-plastic
metal (the 'host').[3] In a tectonic setting, the terms ‘rigid’ and ‘soft’ refer
to the strength of the lithosphere. The strong lithosphere of the indenter
remains relatively undeformed and its boundaries are preserved, while
the host allows deformation by lateral movement of crust both along the
contact with the indenter and within the host.[4] The indenter block is too
buoyant to subduct, so crustal accommodation is achieved by either
shallow underthrusting and crustal thickening, or formation and later
lateral displacement of several microplates. It is possible to have a
combination of the two models.
From Tapponnier et al. 1982 Geology 10(12), 611-616
From Tapponnier et al. 1982 Geology 10(12), 611-616
http://maps.unomaha.edu/maher/GEOL3300/
week15/transcurrent.html
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Anomalies associated with the San Andreas fault that need to be explained:
•sigma one perpendicular to fault (aftershocks, in-situ measurements).
•fold and thrust structures parallel to strike-slip fault (not oblique or en echelon).
•low heat flow.
Model of decoupling and very low strength faults (e.g. Mount & Suppe, 1987).
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TECTONICA DO TIPO

› Comum nos continentes nos oceanos (ocorre em várias

Indenter tectonics, also known as escape tectonics, is a branch of

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