Adam Cuvillier, Manille, pont sur le Passig, 1840s, National Library of Australia

Adam Cuvillier, Manille, pont sur le Passig, 1840s, National Library of Australia

Louis Choris, Vue de la ville de Manille, Iles Philippines, 1827, National Library of Australia

Louis Choris, Vue de la ville de Manille, Iles Philippines, 1827, National Library of Australia

Woman and Man of Luzon (吕宋國夷人 吕宋國夷婦), from Paintings of Tributary Peoples of the Great Imperial Dynasty of China, mid 18th c., Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Woman and Man of Luzon (吕宋國夷人 吕宋國夷婦), from Paintings of Tributary Peoples of the Great Imperial Dynasty of China, mid 18th c., Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Woman and Man of Sulu (蘇禄國夷人 蘇禄國夷婦), from Paintings of Tributary Peoples of the Great Imperial Dynasty of China, mid 18th c., Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Woman and Man of Sulu (蘇禄國夷人 蘇禄國夷婦), from Paintings of Tributary Peoples of the Great Imperial Dynasty of China, mid 18th c., Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Topographia de la ciudad de Manila, capital de las yslas Philipinas… Delineada por D. Antonio Fernandez de Roxas y esculpida por Fr. Hipolito Ximenez. 1717.

Topographia de la ciudad de Manila, capital de las yslas Philipinas… Delineada por D. Antonio Fernandez de Roxas y esculpida por Fr. Hipolito Ximenez. 1717.

Francisco Ruibamba, Paisaje de Filipinas, 1887, Museo del Prado

Francisco Ruibamba, Paisaje de Filipinas, 1887, Museo del Prado

“Ylagay mo po, kapatid ko, and loob mo; asahan mo po na di ako titiguil; ang kaonti kong makakaya ay inalalaan ko sa ating Patria. Malaki ng hirap ang tiniis ko; panata kong tiisin ang lahat na hirap na dumaloy sa akin, sapag seserve sa ating...

“Ylagay mo po, kapatid ko, and loob mo; asahan mo po na di ako titiguil; ang kaonti kong makakaya ay inalalaan ko sa ating Patria. Malaki ng hirap ang tiniis ko; panata kong tiisin ang lahat na hirap na dumaloy sa akin, sapag seserve sa ating kaaba-abang Bayan.”
Letter of Felipe Agoncillo to Emilio Aguinaldo, Paris 6 April 1899. Philippine Insurrection collection, 1898-1899, Library of Congress.

Putting a price on the “Ultimo Adios.” Rounsevelle Wildman and Edwin Wildman papers, 1896-1923, Library of Congress.

Josephine Bracken, Rounsevelle Wildman and Edwin Wildman papers, 1896-1923, Library of Congress.

Jose Rizal and Juan Luna with the Bousteads and Pardo de Taveras, Rounsevelle Wildman and Edwin Wildman papers, 1896-1923, Library of Congress.

Jose Rizal and Juan Luna with the Bousteads and Pardo de Taveras, Rounsevelle Wildman and Edwin Wildman papers, 1896-1923, Library of Congress.