2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)
Human lungs are essential respiratory organs. Different Obstructive Lung Diseases (OLD) such as b... more Human lungs are essential respiratory organs. Different Obstructive Lung Diseases (OLD) such as bronchitis, asthma, lungs cancer etc. affects the respiration. Diagnosing OLD in the initial stage is better than diagnosing and curing them later. The delay in diagnosing OLD is due to expensive diagnosing tool and experts requirement. Therefore, a non-invasive diagnosing tool for OLD is required that identifies dysfunctional lungs without the support of expert, complex and expensive diagnosing types of equipment. In this work, we design an Iris based Lungs Prediagnostic System (ILPS). The ILPS takes iris images as input and identifies dysfunctional Lungs based on iridology map. While testing with 50 lungs patients, the results confirm that the ILPS identifies dysfunctional lungs patients with an accuracy of 88%.
The research was conducted to find out the effect of sugarcane molasses and ash on the organic ma... more The research was conducted to find out the effect of sugarcane molasses and ash on the organic management of root knot nematodes under screen house conditions. Sugarcane molasses were used @ 10 ml/kg, 20 ml/kg and 30 ml/kg of soil and ash @ 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg and 30 g/kg of soil twenty-one days before transplantation. Both the organic amendments were found effective against root-knot nematode. However, sugarcane molasses was more effective than ash and showed better results in terms of shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry shoot weight of tomato plant. Both the amendments (i.e. the sugarcane molasses and ash) significantly reduced galls plant-1 (41.40 and 48.4), galling index (3.00), egg masses/plant root system (23.40 and 28.20), fresh root weight (12.24 and 14.34 g) and dry root weight (4.89 and 5.73 g). Molasses and ash also significantly enhanced fresh shoot weight (60.20 and 57.40 g), dry shoot weight (10.36 and 9.12 g), shoot length (83.80 and 75.20 cm) and root length (26.20 an...
Objective: To determine the relationship of serum ferritin level with telogen effluvium (TE) in f... more Objective: To determine the relationship of serum ferritin level with telogen effluvium (TE) in female patients.Material and Methods: This case control study was conducted at Dermatology unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar-Pakistan, from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 100 female individuals who visited outpatient department (OPD)were included in the study. They were divided in two groups, 50 were patients and 50 were healthy individuals. Aftertaking informed consent and fulfilling the inclusion criteria, individuals were enrolled in study and serum ferritin levelwas checked once at first visit.Results: One hundred female individuals were studied. They were divided in two equal groups, 50 were in patientsgroup (cases) and 50 were healthy individuals (controls). The mean age was 26.26±7.61years in patients group while31.88±6.62 years in healthy controls.The mean serum ferritin level was 47.54±19.85 ng/ml among patients with telogeneffluvium as in comparison to72.13±5.40 ng/ml ...
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the subcutaneous tissue. The infection usual... more Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of the microorganism by a specific group of dematiaceous fungi, resulting in the formation of verrucous plaques. The fungi produce sclerotic or medlar bodies (also called muriform bodies or sclerotic cells) seen on direct microscopic examination of skin smears. The disease is often found in adults due to trauma. We report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 12-year-old child in whom the infection started when he was only 4 years old with secondary involvement of bones, cartilage, tongue and palatine tonsils. The child was not immunosuppressed.
According to the previous reports, the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) causes ... more According to the previous reports, the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) causes tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment, however, the evidence is limited to a few human cancer subtypes. In the current study, we analyzed and validated the CTHRC1 expression variations in 24 different human cancer tissues paired with normal tissues using publically available databases. We observed that CTHRC1 was overexpressed in all the 24 major subtypes of human cancers and its overexpression was significantly associated with the reduced overall survival (OS) duration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). This implies that CTHRC1 plays a significant role in the development and progression of these cancers. We further noticed that CTHRC1 was also overexpressed in HNSC, KIRC...
In this research study, mechanical properties of silica fume bagasse ash plain concrete (SFBA-PC)... more In this research study, mechanical properties of silica fume bagasse ash plain concrete (SFBA-PC) and silica fume bagasse ash basalt fiber-reinforced concrete (SFBA-BFRC) are studied. A total of fifteen concrete mixes are prepared for three separate concrete groups (five for each concrete group). The first group of SFBA-PC contains fixed optimum content of silica fume, i.e., 8%, by cement mass, and variable contents of bagasse ash, i.e., 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, by cement mass. In the second and third groups of SFBA-BFRC, mixes are prepared like the first group of concrete, but only basalt fibers are added with two different percentages of 0.5% and 1.0%, by concrete volume, respectively. For the evaluation of each concrete mix, different mechanical tests are conducted to determine the stress–strain and load–deflection behavior. In addition to this, split-tensile strength and water absorption tests are also performed for each type of concrete mix. The scanning electron microscopy (SCM) analysis is performed, which has confirmed the pozzolanic activity and filler effect caused by SCMs, which has also improved the bridging effects of basalt fiber that results in concrete strength improvement. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of SFBA-BFRC are generally improved in comparison with those of SFBA-PC. In all three groups of concrete, 10% BA is found to be the optimum content, and SFBA-BFRC containing 8% silica fume, 10% bagasse ash and 1.0% basalt fiber content showed overall better performance under multiple testing scenarios.
Recently, the addition of natural fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) has been of great intere... more Recently, the addition of natural fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) has been of great interest in the field of construction materials. Compared to artificial fibers, natural fibers are cheap and locally available. Among all natural fibers, coconut fibers have the greatest known toughness. In this work, the mechanical properties of coconut fiber reinforced high strength concrete (CFR-HSC) are explored. Silica fume (10% by mass) and super plasticizer (1% by mass) are also added to the CFR-HSC. The influence of 25 mm-, 50 mm-, and 75 mm-long coconut fibers and 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% contents by mass is investigated. The microstructure of CFR-HSC is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that CFR-HSC has improved compressive, splitting-tensile, and flexural strengths, and energy absorption and toughness indices compared to HSC. The overall best results are obtained for the CFR-HSC having 50 mm long coconut fibers with 1.5% content by cem...
Cementitious composites are porous material having complex structure system consist of hydration ... more Cementitious composites are porous material having complex structure system consist of hydration products, un-hydrated cement particles and pore solutions of various scales. Calcium carbonate whisker is a new type of low cost micro-scale filler fiber gaining popularity in the field of construction materials. However, addition of whisker has effect on physical, mechanical and microstructural characteristics of cementitious composites. Also, the low production cost of whisker will make the use of micro fiber more extensive in large scale construction projects. In this study, the effect of calcium carbonate whisker on physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of cementitious composites with different fiber contents are investigated. The fluidity, drying shrinkage, pore structure, impact resistance, compressive, flexural and splitting-tensile strength of whisker-mortar are considered. The scanning electron microscopy analysis is also performed to examine the microstructural an...
Abstract Calcium carbonate whisker is an emerging class of inorganic fiber having tremendous prop... more Abstract Calcium carbonate whisker is an emerging class of inorganic fiber having tremendous properties and vast applications. Calcium carbonate whisker is extensively used as a filler due to its tremendous properties including low price, simple preparation requirements and ease of availability. As a filler, it increases the physical and chemical properties such as heat resistance, strength and modulus. Its unique properties are seeking the attention of researchers for utilizing it as a filler in various applications. In this paper, different basic preparation techniques of calcium carbonate whisker such as metathesis reaction, sol-gel, carbonation, gravity crystallization and urea hydrolysis are described briefly. In addition to this, the review focus on research advancements achieved in the utilization of calcium carbonate whisker in different applications such as friction materials, paper making, reinforcing composite materials, cement, mortar and concrete. Calcium carbonate whisker is mostly used for enhancing the properties of cementitious materials. In this review, a special emphasis is given to the role of whisker in cementitious materials such as cement, concrete and mortar.
Nowadays high strength concrete is used in bridge girders due to its improved mechanical properti... more Nowadays high strength concrete is used in bridge girders due to its improved mechanical properties. However, its behavior is relatively more brittle compared to that of normal strength concrete. Due to the highest toughness among natural fibers, coconut fibers are chosen. In this work, the impact of different fly-ash contents on tensile absorbed energy of high strength coconut fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC-SF) will be investigated for structural application. The mix design ratio of CFRC-SF is 1:2:2 (cement: sand: aggregate) with a water-cement ratio of 0.50 and silica-fume content of 15%. The coconut fibers of 5 cm length and content of 2%, by cement mass, are added. To prepare CFRC-SF5, CFRC-SF10 and CFRC-SF15, different fly-ash contents of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively, (by cement mass) are added. For determination of splitting-tensile strength, pre-crack/ absorbed energy after crack and toughness indices, cylinders of size 100 mm diameter and 200 mm height are cast and are tes...
Nowadays, basalt fibre is gaining popularity in the field of construction materials due to its lo... more Nowadays, basalt fibre is gaining popularity in the field of construction materials due to its low production cost and enhanced mechanical properties. However, research is still needed into the use of a single type of fibre with different lengths in composite materials. Therefore, in this paper the hybridisation of basalt fibre of various lengths and contents is studied in order to take full advantage of multi-scale characteristic(s) with a single type of fibre, while the fundamental mechanical properties of single-length basalt-fibre-reinforced cementitious composites and hybridisation of different-length basalt-fibre-reinforced composites are investigated. Additionally, a hybrid fibre coefficient is developed to evaluate the effect of hybrid fibre in cementitious materials. A total of 17 mix proportions were made containing either a single length or a combination of four different lengths of basalt fibre (3, 6, 12 and 20 mm) with various total volume contents. The paper shows that...
The hydro generation scheduling problem has a unit commitment sub-problem which deals with start-... more The hydro generation scheduling problem has a unit commitment sub-problem which deals with start-up/shut-down costs related hydropower units. Hydro power is the only renewable energy source for many countries, so there is a need to find better methods which give optimal hydro scheduling. In this paper, the different optimization techniques like lagrange relaxation, augmented lagrange relaxation, mixed integer programming methods, heuristic methods like genetic algorithm, fuzzy logics, nonlinear approach, stochastic programming and dynamic programming techniques are discussed. The lagrange relaxation approach deals with constraints of pumped storage hydro plants and gives efficient results. Dynamic programming handles simple constraints and it is easily adaptable but its major drawback is curse of dimensionality. However, the mixed integer nonlinear programming, mixed integer linear programming, sequential lagrange and non-linear approach deals with network constraints and head sensi...
This study presents a critical analysis of the environmental challenges regarding global environm... more This study presents a critical analysis of the environmental challenges regarding global environmental policies and current practices in China. The study provides imperative evidence about the current emission control strategies, environmental planning, legislation, policy instruments, and measures to provide a sustainable environment for the present and future generations. The study followed a well-defined analytical methodology to analyse the measures adopted to control emissions as a trade-balancing tool for the environment. The findings indicated that domestic as well as the international collaborations were effective in controlling the present problem of environmental pollution, and suggested a need for collaborative agreements to amend the Environmental Protection Law (EPL). The analytical findings determined that the proposed EPL considered SO2 or NO2 emissions while neglecting an important source of environmental pollution, i.e., CO2 emissions. The research findings also sug...
2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)
Human lungs are essential respiratory organs. Different Obstructive Lung Diseases (OLD) such as b... more Human lungs are essential respiratory organs. Different Obstructive Lung Diseases (OLD) such as bronchitis, asthma, lungs cancer etc. affects the respiration. Diagnosing OLD in the initial stage is better than diagnosing and curing them later. The delay in diagnosing OLD is due to expensive diagnosing tool and experts requirement. Therefore, a non-invasive diagnosing tool for OLD is required that identifies dysfunctional lungs without the support of expert, complex and expensive diagnosing types of equipment. In this work, we design an Iris based Lungs Prediagnostic System (ILPS). The ILPS takes iris images as input and identifies dysfunctional Lungs based on iridology map. While testing with 50 lungs patients, the results confirm that the ILPS identifies dysfunctional lungs patients with an accuracy of 88%.
The research was conducted to find out the effect of sugarcane molasses and ash on the organic ma... more The research was conducted to find out the effect of sugarcane molasses and ash on the organic management of root knot nematodes under screen house conditions. Sugarcane molasses were used @ 10 ml/kg, 20 ml/kg and 30 ml/kg of soil and ash @ 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg and 30 g/kg of soil twenty-one days before transplantation. Both the organic amendments were found effective against root-knot nematode. However, sugarcane molasses was more effective than ash and showed better results in terms of shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry shoot weight of tomato plant. Both the amendments (i.e. the sugarcane molasses and ash) significantly reduced galls plant-1 (41.40 and 48.4), galling index (3.00), egg masses/plant root system (23.40 and 28.20), fresh root weight (12.24 and 14.34 g) and dry root weight (4.89 and 5.73 g). Molasses and ash also significantly enhanced fresh shoot weight (60.20 and 57.40 g), dry shoot weight (10.36 and 9.12 g), shoot length (83.80 and 75.20 cm) and root length (26.20 an...
Objective: To determine the relationship of serum ferritin level with telogen effluvium (TE) in f... more Objective: To determine the relationship of serum ferritin level with telogen effluvium (TE) in female patients.Material and Methods: This case control study was conducted at Dermatology unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar-Pakistan, from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 100 female individuals who visited outpatient department (OPD)were included in the study. They were divided in two groups, 50 were patients and 50 were healthy individuals. Aftertaking informed consent and fulfilling the inclusion criteria, individuals were enrolled in study and serum ferritin levelwas checked once at first visit.Results: One hundred female individuals were studied. They were divided in two equal groups, 50 were in patientsgroup (cases) and 50 were healthy individuals (controls). The mean age was 26.26±7.61years in patients group while31.88±6.62 years in healthy controls.The mean serum ferritin level was 47.54±19.85 ng/ml among patients with telogeneffluvium as in comparison to72.13±5.40 ng/ml ...
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the subcutaneous tissue. The infection usual... more Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of the microorganism by a specific group of dematiaceous fungi, resulting in the formation of verrucous plaques. The fungi produce sclerotic or medlar bodies (also called muriform bodies or sclerotic cells) seen on direct microscopic examination of skin smears. The disease is often found in adults due to trauma. We report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 12-year-old child in whom the infection started when he was only 4 years old with secondary involvement of bones, cartilage, tongue and palatine tonsils. The child was not immunosuppressed.
According to the previous reports, the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) causes ... more According to the previous reports, the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) causes tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment, however, the evidence is limited to a few human cancer subtypes. In the current study, we analyzed and validated the CTHRC1 expression variations in 24 different human cancer tissues paired with normal tissues using publically available databases. We observed that CTHRC1 was overexpressed in all the 24 major subtypes of human cancers and its overexpression was significantly associated with the reduced overall survival (OS) duration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). This implies that CTHRC1 plays a significant role in the development and progression of these cancers. We further noticed that CTHRC1 was also overexpressed in HNSC, KIRC...
In this research study, mechanical properties of silica fume bagasse ash plain concrete (SFBA-PC)... more In this research study, mechanical properties of silica fume bagasse ash plain concrete (SFBA-PC) and silica fume bagasse ash basalt fiber-reinforced concrete (SFBA-BFRC) are studied. A total of fifteen concrete mixes are prepared for three separate concrete groups (five for each concrete group). The first group of SFBA-PC contains fixed optimum content of silica fume, i.e., 8%, by cement mass, and variable contents of bagasse ash, i.e., 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, by cement mass. In the second and third groups of SFBA-BFRC, mixes are prepared like the first group of concrete, but only basalt fibers are added with two different percentages of 0.5% and 1.0%, by concrete volume, respectively. For the evaluation of each concrete mix, different mechanical tests are conducted to determine the stress–strain and load–deflection behavior. In addition to this, split-tensile strength and water absorption tests are also performed for each type of concrete mix. The scanning electron microscopy (SCM) analysis is performed, which has confirmed the pozzolanic activity and filler effect caused by SCMs, which has also improved the bridging effects of basalt fiber that results in concrete strength improvement. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of SFBA-BFRC are generally improved in comparison with those of SFBA-PC. In all three groups of concrete, 10% BA is found to be the optimum content, and SFBA-BFRC containing 8% silica fume, 10% bagasse ash and 1.0% basalt fiber content showed overall better performance under multiple testing scenarios.
Recently, the addition of natural fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) has been of great intere... more Recently, the addition of natural fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) has been of great interest in the field of construction materials. Compared to artificial fibers, natural fibers are cheap and locally available. Among all natural fibers, coconut fibers have the greatest known toughness. In this work, the mechanical properties of coconut fiber reinforced high strength concrete (CFR-HSC) are explored. Silica fume (10% by mass) and super plasticizer (1% by mass) are also added to the CFR-HSC. The influence of 25 mm-, 50 mm-, and 75 mm-long coconut fibers and 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% contents by mass is investigated. The microstructure of CFR-HSC is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that CFR-HSC has improved compressive, splitting-tensile, and flexural strengths, and energy absorption and toughness indices compared to HSC. The overall best results are obtained for the CFR-HSC having 50 mm long coconut fibers with 1.5% content by cem...
Cementitious composites are porous material having complex structure system consist of hydration ... more Cementitious composites are porous material having complex structure system consist of hydration products, un-hydrated cement particles and pore solutions of various scales. Calcium carbonate whisker is a new type of low cost micro-scale filler fiber gaining popularity in the field of construction materials. However, addition of whisker has effect on physical, mechanical and microstructural characteristics of cementitious composites. Also, the low production cost of whisker will make the use of micro fiber more extensive in large scale construction projects. In this study, the effect of calcium carbonate whisker on physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of cementitious composites with different fiber contents are investigated. The fluidity, drying shrinkage, pore structure, impact resistance, compressive, flexural and splitting-tensile strength of whisker-mortar are considered. The scanning electron microscopy analysis is also performed to examine the microstructural an...
Abstract Calcium carbonate whisker is an emerging class of inorganic fiber having tremendous prop... more Abstract Calcium carbonate whisker is an emerging class of inorganic fiber having tremendous properties and vast applications. Calcium carbonate whisker is extensively used as a filler due to its tremendous properties including low price, simple preparation requirements and ease of availability. As a filler, it increases the physical and chemical properties such as heat resistance, strength and modulus. Its unique properties are seeking the attention of researchers for utilizing it as a filler in various applications. In this paper, different basic preparation techniques of calcium carbonate whisker such as metathesis reaction, sol-gel, carbonation, gravity crystallization and urea hydrolysis are described briefly. In addition to this, the review focus on research advancements achieved in the utilization of calcium carbonate whisker in different applications such as friction materials, paper making, reinforcing composite materials, cement, mortar and concrete. Calcium carbonate whisker is mostly used for enhancing the properties of cementitious materials. In this review, a special emphasis is given to the role of whisker in cementitious materials such as cement, concrete and mortar.
Nowadays high strength concrete is used in bridge girders due to its improved mechanical properti... more Nowadays high strength concrete is used in bridge girders due to its improved mechanical properties. However, its behavior is relatively more brittle compared to that of normal strength concrete. Due to the highest toughness among natural fibers, coconut fibers are chosen. In this work, the impact of different fly-ash contents on tensile absorbed energy of high strength coconut fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC-SF) will be investigated for structural application. The mix design ratio of CFRC-SF is 1:2:2 (cement: sand: aggregate) with a water-cement ratio of 0.50 and silica-fume content of 15%. The coconut fibers of 5 cm length and content of 2%, by cement mass, are added. To prepare CFRC-SF5, CFRC-SF10 and CFRC-SF15, different fly-ash contents of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively, (by cement mass) are added. For determination of splitting-tensile strength, pre-crack/ absorbed energy after crack and toughness indices, cylinders of size 100 mm diameter and 200 mm height are cast and are tes...
Nowadays, basalt fibre is gaining popularity in the field of construction materials due to its lo... more Nowadays, basalt fibre is gaining popularity in the field of construction materials due to its low production cost and enhanced mechanical properties. However, research is still needed into the use of a single type of fibre with different lengths in composite materials. Therefore, in this paper the hybridisation of basalt fibre of various lengths and contents is studied in order to take full advantage of multi-scale characteristic(s) with a single type of fibre, while the fundamental mechanical properties of single-length basalt-fibre-reinforced cementitious composites and hybridisation of different-length basalt-fibre-reinforced composites are investigated. Additionally, a hybrid fibre coefficient is developed to evaluate the effect of hybrid fibre in cementitious materials. A total of 17 mix proportions were made containing either a single length or a combination of four different lengths of basalt fibre (3, 6, 12 and 20 mm) with various total volume contents. The paper shows that...
The hydro generation scheduling problem has a unit commitment sub-problem which deals with start-... more The hydro generation scheduling problem has a unit commitment sub-problem which deals with start-up/shut-down costs related hydropower units. Hydro power is the only renewable energy source for many countries, so there is a need to find better methods which give optimal hydro scheduling. In this paper, the different optimization techniques like lagrange relaxation, augmented lagrange relaxation, mixed integer programming methods, heuristic methods like genetic algorithm, fuzzy logics, nonlinear approach, stochastic programming and dynamic programming techniques are discussed. The lagrange relaxation approach deals with constraints of pumped storage hydro plants and gives efficient results. Dynamic programming handles simple constraints and it is easily adaptable but its major drawback is curse of dimensionality. However, the mixed integer nonlinear programming, mixed integer linear programming, sequential lagrange and non-linear approach deals with network constraints and head sensi...
This study presents a critical analysis of the environmental challenges regarding global environm... more This study presents a critical analysis of the environmental challenges regarding global environmental policies and current practices in China. The study provides imperative evidence about the current emission control strategies, environmental planning, legislation, policy instruments, and measures to provide a sustainable environment for the present and future generations. The study followed a well-defined analytical methodology to analyse the measures adopted to control emissions as a trade-balancing tool for the environment. The findings indicated that domestic as well as the international collaborations were effective in controlling the present problem of environmental pollution, and suggested a need for collaborative agreements to amend the Environmental Protection Law (EPL). The analytical findings determined that the proposed EPL considered SO2 or NO2 emissions while neglecting an important source of environmental pollution, i.e., CO2 emissions. The research findings also sug...
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