In A. Brysbaert, V. Klinkenberg, A. Gutiérrez Garcia-M. & I. Vikatou (eds), Constructing Monuments, Perceiving Monumentality and the Economics of Building: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Built Environment. Leiden, 2018
Recent advancements in digital technologies have resulted in quick changes how architecture can b... more Recent advancements in digital technologies have resulted in quick changes how architecture can be documented in three dimensions. Building remains are one of the most typical classes of archaeological features discovered in a large number of fieldwork projects, and new developments in hard- and software are fast replacing traditional ways of recording and draughtsmanship. Even though laser scanning is still beyond the budget of most projects, high-quality recording can be achieved using digital photography and total stations. Two-dimensional line-drawings can be directly derived from the intensive stone-by-stone documentation carried out using reflectorless total stations: the projections can be produced to any required direction (plans, elevations, sections). For large complexes drone photography can shorten the required fieldwork time. Several case studies of combining total station recording with aerial and land-based photogrammetry are presented in this paper. Full three-dimensional documentation of existing features allows also for reconstructions which fit the recorded data better than what is possible using traditional means; also, the employed methodology facilitates subsequent analyses of the recorded architectural and archaeological features. The Finnish Institute at Athens has annually trained students without previous experience of archaeological documentation in short field courses to use the combined methodology resulting in a growing number of post-graduates familiar with current approaches to documenting architectural remains.
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Keywords: Greek architecture – Kalaureia, Greece – Sanctuary of Poseidon – digital documentation – three-dimensional reconstruction
Archaeological investigations undertaken in 2001 and 2003–2006 concentrated on two different sectors of the city: the north and the east sides of the Schisò peninsula. In the first the unique complex of fifth-century shipsheds was discovered immediately to the north of the most likely location of the city agora. The new survey of Naxos integrates what is previously known about the topography of the ancient town and the layout of the modern city with a first systematic total station measurements of the archaeological remains. The first campaign of geophysical prospection was carried out in 2014: magnetic gradiometry, electrical resistance and ground penetrating radar were used and the last method produced most consistent results. Small-scale test trenches have been excavated to verify aspects of the city grid and targets identified in the geophysical surveys.
The urban space is defined by three wide streets or plateiai running approximately in an east to west direction and they are at regular intervals intersected by a series of narrower stenopoi. The preliminary preparations for the setting out the urban plan in the first decades of the fifth century BC involved systematic dismantling of the sixth-century structures. The orthogonal grid counts in every aspect as a re-foundation of the city: it cancelled the original colonial plan and removed all traces of previous urban identities and properties. The second post-460 BC urban phase with attested modifications of the house plans and restoration is best attributed to the return of exiles after the fall of tyranny in Syracuse.
Keywords: Greek architecture – Kalaureia, Greece – Sanctuary of Poseidon – digital documentation – three-dimensional reconstruction
Archaeological investigations undertaken in 2001 and 2003–2006 concentrated on two different sectors of the city: the north and the east sides of the Schisò peninsula. In the first the unique complex of fifth-century shipsheds was discovered immediately to the north of the most likely location of the city agora. The new survey of Naxos integrates what is previously known about the topography of the ancient town and the layout of the modern city with a first systematic total station measurements of the archaeological remains. The first campaign of geophysical prospection was carried out in 2014: magnetic gradiometry, electrical resistance and ground penetrating radar were used and the last method produced most consistent results. Small-scale test trenches have been excavated to verify aspects of the city grid and targets identified in the geophysical surveys.
The urban space is defined by three wide streets or plateiai running approximately in an east to west direction and they are at regular intervals intersected by a series of narrower stenopoi. The preliminary preparations for the setting out the urban plan in the first decades of the fifth century BC involved systematic dismantling of the sixth-century structures. The orthogonal grid counts in every aspect as a re-foundation of the city: it cancelled the original colonial plan and removed all traces of previous urban identities and properties. The second post-460 BC urban phase with attested modifications of the house plans and restoration is best attributed to the return of exiles after the fall of tyranny in Syracuse.
The neoria block (most likely c. 28 m x 55 m) lies in the northern part of the city, on the lower slopes of the Larunchi Hill, and its orientation is slightly different from the 5th-century orthogonal urban grid. The excavations have shown that the shipsheds were inside the city walls and, furthermore, were very close to the agora which occupied the upper terrace, dominating the bay and the port. Such proximity could be an indicator of the relative importance of the military fleet for ancient Naxos. For those coming from the sea Naxos displayed the shipsheds as an
indication of its wealth and power, following the example known from other Greek poleis.
and Resilience Strategies
Any activity requires the expenditure of energy, and the larger the scale of the undertakings, the more careful and strategic planning in advance is required. In focusing on labouring by humans and other animals, this session investigates how past people achieved their multiple daily tasks while remaining resilient in anticipation of adverse events and periods. It investigates the minimum resource requirements of combined activities of conducting agriculture, crafts, constructing houses and monumental buildings, and how the available resources were employed successfully. Multilayered data can be employed to illuminate the many interconnected networks of humans and resources that impacted on people's day-today activities, but also to discuss the economic, cultural and socio-political relationships over time in different regions. We aim to discuss novel perspectives in which the landscape in its widest sense is connected to interdisciplinary architectural and/or crafting perspectives. Rural landscapes and their populace formed the backbone of pre-industrial societies. Analyses of the rural 'hinterland', the foci of cities and other central places (often with monumental architecture) and the communication between these are essential for the papers of this session. These different agents and phenomena and their connections are crucial to our understanding how political units functioned at several socially interconnected levels. Bottom-up approaches can dissolve "monolithic" understandings of societies, the elite-labour/farmer and the centre/rural dichotomies because the many social groups co-depended on each other, albeit perhaps in unequal measure depending on the given context.
The economic growth of modern societies has been closely linked with construction industries: investments, transport infrastructures for materials, and labour-intensive building programmes all have a large impact on local, regional and even global economies. The end results have shaped the built environment of our every-day lives and have often led to an increased quality of life and affluence, though there are many contrary cases as well. In past pre-industrial societies whenever large-scale building projects took place, extensive manual labour was invested from the moment materials were scouted for, extracted, transported, employed and subsequently maintained. Since most ancient societies were based on subsistence economies, important decision-making was a daily balancing act between building work and agriculture. These decisions often influenced strongly the patterns of land use and may have also resulted in circular economic strategies. This session invites archaeological, experimental, historical and ethnographic/anthropological perspectives addressing the socio-economic and political decision-making needed for construction projects to materialize. With economic and technological processes of construction as a focus, we aim to contribute responses to the following questions: 1- How were large-scale buildings constructed from material, logistical and planning perspectives? 2- How and why were these buildings subsequently and diachronically used and maintained by the various groups? 3- What types and levels of resources and investment, human and other, were needed to achieve and sustain these construction projects? 4- Given that construction took place diachronically and geographically more or less worldwide, can we recognise common denominators, and which are these? How can multidisciplinary and cross-cultural approaches further our research in the Ancient Mediterranean? 5- In economic terms, is it useful to quantify the necessary resources, how can it be done, and what can such data tell us?
Maastricht
30 August - 3 September 2017
The 'Third Science Revolution' in Archaeology
Session #146
Αγαπητές/-οί φίλες/-οι και συνάδελφοι,
Σας ενημερώνουμε ότι εξαιτίας των μέτρων που έχουν ληφθεί για την σντιμετώπιση της πανδημίας, οι ομιλίες της τρέχουσας περιόδου, εφόσον είναι εφικτό, θα πραγματοποιηθούν κατά την διάρκεια του ερχόμενου ακαδημαϊκού έτους. Ελπίζουμε το πρόγραμμα μας να εμπλουτιστεί με νέες ενδιαφέρουσες παρουσιάσεις. Θα σας ειδοποιήσουμε το συντομότερο δυνατό για την νέα του μορφή.
Παραμείνετε υγιείς και συντονισμένοι στον Κύκλο!
Με φιλικούς χαιρετισμούς
Η οργανωτική επιτροπή
Dear Friends and Colleagues,
Due to the ongoing lockdown of public life in Greece and elsewhere, we would like to inform you that our lecture series is postponed to the winter term 2020/21. We hope to be able to present all planned talks that could not be held so far, plus interesting new ones. We keep you informed as soon as the new dates/schedule have taken shape.
Stay healthy and tuned!
Best Regards,
The organizing committee
athens.arch.circle@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/groups/athens.arch.circle/
Η Oργανωτική Επιτροπή / The Organizing Committee
Μαρία - Ευδοκία Βασενχόβεν, Nils Hellner, Alexander Herda, Χρύσανθος Κανελλόπουλος, Georg Ladstätter, Βασιλεία Μανιδάκη, Jean-Charles Moretti, Jari Pakkanen, David Scahill, Ελισάβετ Σιουμπάρα
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Dear Friends and Colleagues,
You are cordially invited to the new lectures within "THE CIRCLE: Dialogues for Greek and Roman Architecture”,
that will take place in Athens between January and June 2020.
The CIRCLE offers a forum for meetings, on Monday evenings at 7 p.m., in Greek institutions and foreign archaeological schools of Athens (language of presentations is Greek and English).
You are cordially invited to the new lectures within "THE CIRCLE: Dialogues for Greek and Roman Architecture”,
that will take place in Athens between October and December 2019.
The CIRCLE offers a forum for meetings, on Monday evenings at 7 p.m., in Greek institutions and foreign archaeological schools of Athens (language of presentations is Greek and English).