A contribution to the settlement of Smižany in the Early Middle Ages The paper offers information... more A contribution to the settlement of Smižany in the Early Middle Ages The paper offers information about the results of the archaeological research which was accomplished during the construction of the hypermarket TESCO in the village Smižany (district Spišská Nová Ves). The excavated feature can by most probably interpreted as a sunken-floor house. Based on similar analogies from the archaeological sites in the Spiš region and other regions of Slovakia, the excavated findings and the feature itself can be dated to the 8 th to 9 th century. Archaeological findings from the aforementioned period discovered in the cadastre of Smižany are not rare and are known from the settlements and to a lesser extent from burial grounds. All Early Medieval settlements probably belonged under the administration of the central Čingov hillfort situated in the Slovak Paradise. The analysis of ceramics deposited at the Institute of Archaeology of the SAS-Research department in Spišská Nová Ves pointed out the necessity to revise the ceramic findings from the Spiš region dated to the Early Medieval period and also the necessity to publish all archaeological findings that came from closed finding features.
Contribution to new La Tène Period archaeological findings from Spiš region
During the non-destr... more Contribution to new La Tène Period archaeological findings from Spiš region
During the non-destructive archaeological prospection in the Spiš region the rare archaeological findings dated back
to La Tène Period were obtained. In Jánovce-Machalovce the cross-shaped artefact (rose-shaped ring) was found, made
of bronze, originally probably strung on the articulated central part of the horse snaffle bit. On the archaeological sites
Spišský Hrhov and Spišské Podhradie the Celtic coins with the hump on their obverse were found – the Veľký Bysterec
type. In Spišský Hrhov found silver tetradrachms were well-preserved. Among the others slovak findings of this type,
the aforementioned coin has the highest weight. In Spišské Podhradie silver-coated bronze didrachm was discovered.
The tetradrachm of Veľký Bysterec type with the remains of inscription on its obverse – CAT or TAC – is also known
from Spišský Hrhov. It is the only known tetradrachm with the inscription in Slovakia. Up-to-date only the didrachms
of the mentioned type with inscriptions were known. The spectral analysis was performed on both coins. The iron
knife with the ring at the end of its handle was found on Dreveník Hill in cadastral territory of Spišské Podhradie. It
is dated to the 2nd–1st centuries BC based on the analogies from Slovakia and abroad. Two iron sickles are known from
the archaeological site of the Púchov culture situated in cadastral area of Hrabušice. Their chronological classification
within the La Tène Period is problematic.
The article attempts to define a mountain region, which differs from the surrounding landscape by... more The article attempts to define a mountain region, which differs from the surrounding landscape by its physical-geographical properties. Altogether thirteen natural factors were selected, based on which were determined boundaries of a mountain area. Through their evaluation is the mountain region defined as a territory where the altitude, relief, slope of the terrain, low soil fertility and other researched factors create specific conditions, determining a way of life, which is dependent on and adapted to the character of surrounding landscape. It is mainly the area of Carpathians and their southern tips. Based on selected examples of the cultural occupation during various time periods it is also possible to see how the natural environment influenced individual archaeological cultures. Human activities in particular area respected the surrounding landscape and thus adapted to the character of the surrounding natural environment. Therefore, the natural environment in the past had a major impact on the occupation of the landscape.
Das Archäologische Institut der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Zweigstelle Spišská No... more Das Archäologische Institut der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Zweigstelle Spišská Nová Ves realisierte im Jahr 2010 auch eine Ausgrabung bei zwei sakralen Objekten auf der Zips. In Malý Slavkov führte man eine Ausgrabung im Exterieur- und eine Georadar-Untersuchung im Interieur-Teil von Kostol sv. Michala (Kirche des Hl. Michael; Abb. 34:1), durch. Dadurch wurden Reste der Grundmauern der ursprünglichen Kirche belegt. Im Hof teil diesen Sakralobjektes legte man Reste mehrerer Gräber, von denen ein Teil Funde aus dem 16.-17. ]ahrhundert beinhaltete (Perlen aus Rosenkranz, Radiolarit-Feuerzeug, Münzen; Abb. 34: 2-4), frei. Rar sind Belege der neolithischen Besiedlung. In Olcnava plante man an der Stelle der untergangenen Kirche und des Friedhofs in der Flur Starý cintorín (auch Prečinok) den Aufbau von Park Božieho milosrdenstva (Park der göttlichen Barmherzigkeit). Durch die Ausgrabung gewann man einzelne Spuren epipaläolithischer Besiedlung, legte man Teile der Mauerwerke der untergangenen Kirche und vor allem mehrere Gräber, von denen ein Teil Beilagen aus der Neuzeit beinhaltete (Perlen aus Rosenkranz, Kreuz-chen, Skapuliere, kleines Medaillon, Münzen, Eisenmesser), frei. Aus mehreren Gräbern gewann man Bestandteile der Begräbniskleidung und legte man Sargreste, verbunden mit handgeschmiedeten Nägeln, frei (Abb. 35). Als Bestandteil des erbauten Park Božieho milosrdenstva sind auch eine archäologische Präsentation der freigelegten Teile der erhaltenen Mauern der untergangenen Kirche, sowie auch ein Pannel mit Information über Resultate der aktuellen archäologischen Ausgrabung.
V rokoch 2009 a 2010 uskutočnilo Múzeum v Kežmarku záchranný výskum na trase diaľnice D1, úsek Já... more V rokoch 2009 a 2010 uskutočnilo Múzeum v Kežmarku záchranný výskum na trase diaľnice D1, úsek Jánovce-Jablonov vo vymedzených úsekoch a lokalitách v katastroch obcí Spišský Štvrtok, Dravce, Iliašovce a Kurimany.
The article presents an examination of prehistoric settlements in the Spiš region of Northern Slo... more The article presents an examination of prehistoric settlements in the Spiš region of Northern Slovakia. A chronological review is given of the nature of the high-altitude settlements here, some of which were fortified.
The archaeological excavation in the village Vlková (dist. Kežmarok) started in 1998 carried out ... more The archaeological excavation in the village Vlková (dist. Kežmarok) started in 1998 carried out by researcher František Javorský from the Institute of Archaeology of SAS at Nitra – Department Spišská Nová Ves. Here a brick church with fence stone wall was built. It is so-called village single-nave church with east-west orientation. Its ground plan belongs to the 13th century and has several phases of construction. In addition to the base of the main altar, two side altars were also excavated. Floor remains dated to the first and second phase were partially preserved. In total, 94 graves were unearthed. Within prior surveys and excavation, shards of clay pots, coins, padlocks, keys, bronze belt hooks, spurs and plenty of iron and other artefacts were obtained. Based on archaeological finds the extinct settlement is dated back to the 12th(?) – 13th to 15th centuries.
In Slovakia there are many different types of presentation of the speleoarchaeological sites to t... more In Slovakia there are many different types of presentation of the speleoarchaeological sites to the public. A shining example is the Domica Cave and its presentation of the life of its Neolithic inhabitants. The other example we want to mention is the Jasovská Cave, to which a nature trail with an education panel in the Oblúkova and Fajka Caves and in the old entrance of the Jasovská Cave may be added. Ideal conditions manifest themselves in the case of the Moldavská Cave where tourists may see the consequences of the Mongol-Tartar invasions to Slovakia in 1241. Many caves are situated next to marked hiking trails. Some of them are supplemented by the education panels of the palaeontological and archaeological information. Ideal conditions may be found in some caves situated in the Slovak Paradise, where evidence of coin counterfeiting from Late Middle Ages was discovered. Very interesting is the presentation of Neanderthal way of life in the Prepost Cave near Bojnice, where paleolithic findings were discovered in the castle moat. The presentation of archaeology in Slovak caves is comparable with foreign countries, although in many cases there is a lot to catch up on.
A contribution to the settlement of Smižany in the Early Middle Ages The paper offers information... more A contribution to the settlement of Smižany in the Early Middle Ages The paper offers information about the results of the archaeological research which was accomplished during the construction of the hypermarket TESCO in the village Smižany (district Spišská Nová Ves). The excavated feature can by most probably interpreted as a sunken-floor house. Based on similar analogies from the archaeological sites in the Spiš region and other regions of Slovakia, the excavated findings and the feature itself can be dated to the 8 th to 9 th century. Archaeological findings from the aforementioned period discovered in the cadastre of Smižany are not rare and are known from the settlements and to a lesser extent from burial grounds. All Early Medieval settlements probably belonged under the administration of the central Čingov hillfort situated in the Slovak Paradise. The analysis of ceramics deposited at the Institute of Archaeology of the SAS-Research department in Spišská Nová Ves pointed out the necessity to revise the ceramic findings from the Spiš region dated to the Early Medieval period and also the necessity to publish all archaeological findings that came from closed finding features.
Contribution to new La Tène Period archaeological findings from Spiš region
During the non-destr... more Contribution to new La Tène Period archaeological findings from Spiš region
During the non-destructive archaeological prospection in the Spiš region the rare archaeological findings dated back
to La Tène Period were obtained. In Jánovce-Machalovce the cross-shaped artefact (rose-shaped ring) was found, made
of bronze, originally probably strung on the articulated central part of the horse snaffle bit. On the archaeological sites
Spišský Hrhov and Spišské Podhradie the Celtic coins with the hump on their obverse were found – the Veľký Bysterec
type. In Spišský Hrhov found silver tetradrachms were well-preserved. Among the others slovak findings of this type,
the aforementioned coin has the highest weight. In Spišské Podhradie silver-coated bronze didrachm was discovered.
The tetradrachm of Veľký Bysterec type with the remains of inscription on its obverse – CAT or TAC – is also known
from Spišský Hrhov. It is the only known tetradrachm with the inscription in Slovakia. Up-to-date only the didrachms
of the mentioned type with inscriptions were known. The spectral analysis was performed on both coins. The iron
knife with the ring at the end of its handle was found on Dreveník Hill in cadastral territory of Spišské Podhradie. It
is dated to the 2nd–1st centuries BC based on the analogies from Slovakia and abroad. Two iron sickles are known from
the archaeological site of the Púchov culture situated in cadastral area of Hrabušice. Their chronological classification
within the La Tène Period is problematic.
The article attempts to define a mountain region, which differs from the surrounding landscape by... more The article attempts to define a mountain region, which differs from the surrounding landscape by its physical-geographical properties. Altogether thirteen natural factors were selected, based on which were determined boundaries of a mountain area. Through their evaluation is the mountain region defined as a territory where the altitude, relief, slope of the terrain, low soil fertility and other researched factors create specific conditions, determining a way of life, which is dependent on and adapted to the character of surrounding landscape. It is mainly the area of Carpathians and their southern tips. Based on selected examples of the cultural occupation during various time periods it is also possible to see how the natural environment influenced individual archaeological cultures. Human activities in particular area respected the surrounding landscape and thus adapted to the character of the surrounding natural environment. Therefore, the natural environment in the past had a major impact on the occupation of the landscape.
Das Archäologische Institut der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Zweigstelle Spišská No... more Das Archäologische Institut der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Zweigstelle Spišská Nová Ves realisierte im Jahr 2010 auch eine Ausgrabung bei zwei sakralen Objekten auf der Zips. In Malý Slavkov führte man eine Ausgrabung im Exterieur- und eine Georadar-Untersuchung im Interieur-Teil von Kostol sv. Michala (Kirche des Hl. Michael; Abb. 34:1), durch. Dadurch wurden Reste der Grundmauern der ursprünglichen Kirche belegt. Im Hof teil diesen Sakralobjektes legte man Reste mehrerer Gräber, von denen ein Teil Funde aus dem 16.-17. ]ahrhundert beinhaltete (Perlen aus Rosenkranz, Radiolarit-Feuerzeug, Münzen; Abb. 34: 2-4), frei. Rar sind Belege der neolithischen Besiedlung. In Olcnava plante man an der Stelle der untergangenen Kirche und des Friedhofs in der Flur Starý cintorín (auch Prečinok) den Aufbau von Park Božieho milosrdenstva (Park der göttlichen Barmherzigkeit). Durch die Ausgrabung gewann man einzelne Spuren epipaläolithischer Besiedlung, legte man Teile der Mauerwerke der untergangenen Kirche und vor allem mehrere Gräber, von denen ein Teil Beilagen aus der Neuzeit beinhaltete (Perlen aus Rosenkranz, Kreuz-chen, Skapuliere, kleines Medaillon, Münzen, Eisenmesser), frei. Aus mehreren Gräbern gewann man Bestandteile der Begräbniskleidung und legte man Sargreste, verbunden mit handgeschmiedeten Nägeln, frei (Abb. 35). Als Bestandteil des erbauten Park Božieho milosrdenstva sind auch eine archäologische Präsentation der freigelegten Teile der erhaltenen Mauern der untergangenen Kirche, sowie auch ein Pannel mit Information über Resultate der aktuellen archäologischen Ausgrabung.
V rokoch 2009 a 2010 uskutočnilo Múzeum v Kežmarku záchranný výskum na trase diaľnice D1, úsek Já... more V rokoch 2009 a 2010 uskutočnilo Múzeum v Kežmarku záchranný výskum na trase diaľnice D1, úsek Jánovce-Jablonov vo vymedzených úsekoch a lokalitách v katastroch obcí Spišský Štvrtok, Dravce, Iliašovce a Kurimany.
The article presents an examination of prehistoric settlements in the Spiš region of Northern Slo... more The article presents an examination of prehistoric settlements in the Spiš region of Northern Slovakia. A chronological review is given of the nature of the high-altitude settlements here, some of which were fortified.
The archaeological excavation in the village Vlková (dist. Kežmarok) started in 1998 carried out ... more The archaeological excavation in the village Vlková (dist. Kežmarok) started in 1998 carried out by researcher František Javorský from the Institute of Archaeology of SAS at Nitra – Department Spišská Nová Ves. Here a brick church with fence stone wall was built. It is so-called village single-nave church with east-west orientation. Its ground plan belongs to the 13th century and has several phases of construction. In addition to the base of the main altar, two side altars were also excavated. Floor remains dated to the first and second phase were partially preserved. In total, 94 graves were unearthed. Within prior surveys and excavation, shards of clay pots, coins, padlocks, keys, bronze belt hooks, spurs and plenty of iron and other artefacts were obtained. Based on archaeological finds the extinct settlement is dated back to the 12th(?) – 13th to 15th centuries.
In Slovakia there are many different types of presentation of the speleoarchaeological sites to t... more In Slovakia there are many different types of presentation of the speleoarchaeological sites to the public. A shining example is the Domica Cave and its presentation of the life of its Neolithic inhabitants. The other example we want to mention is the Jasovská Cave, to which a nature trail with an education panel in the Oblúkova and Fajka Caves and in the old entrance of the Jasovská Cave may be added. Ideal conditions manifest themselves in the case of the Moldavská Cave where tourists may see the consequences of the Mongol-Tartar invasions to Slovakia in 1241. Many caves are situated next to marked hiking trails. Some of them are supplemented by the education panels of the palaeontological and archaeological information. Ideal conditions may be found in some caves situated in the Slovak Paradise, where evidence of coin counterfeiting from Late Middle Ages was discovered. Very interesting is the presentation of Neanderthal way of life in the Prepost Cave near Bojnice, where paleolithic findings were discovered in the castle moat. The presentation of archaeology in Slovak caves is comparable with foreign countries, although in many cases there is a lot to catch up on.
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Papers by Peter Fecko
During the non-destructive archaeological prospection in the Spiš region the rare archaeological findings dated back
to La Tène Period were obtained. In Jánovce-Machalovce the cross-shaped artefact (rose-shaped ring) was found, made
of bronze, originally probably strung on the articulated central part of the horse snaffle bit. On the archaeological sites
Spišský Hrhov and Spišské Podhradie the Celtic coins with the hump on their obverse were found – the Veľký Bysterec
type. In Spišský Hrhov found silver tetradrachms were well-preserved. Among the others slovak findings of this type,
the aforementioned coin has the highest weight. In Spišské Podhradie silver-coated bronze didrachm was discovered.
The tetradrachm of Veľký Bysterec type with the remains of inscription on its obverse – CAT or TAC – is also known
from Spišský Hrhov. It is the only known tetradrachm with the inscription in Slovakia. Up-to-date only the didrachms
of the mentioned type with inscriptions were known. The spectral analysis was performed on both coins. The iron
knife with the ring at the end of its handle was found on Dreveník Hill in cadastral territory of Spišské Podhradie. It
is dated to the 2nd–1st centuries BC based on the analogies from Slovakia and abroad. Two iron sickles are known from
the archaeological site of the Púchov culture situated in cadastral area of Hrabušice. Their chronological classification
within the La Tène Period is problematic.
During the non-destructive archaeological prospection in the Spiš region the rare archaeological findings dated back
to La Tène Period were obtained. In Jánovce-Machalovce the cross-shaped artefact (rose-shaped ring) was found, made
of bronze, originally probably strung on the articulated central part of the horse snaffle bit. On the archaeological sites
Spišský Hrhov and Spišské Podhradie the Celtic coins with the hump on their obverse were found – the Veľký Bysterec
type. In Spišský Hrhov found silver tetradrachms were well-preserved. Among the others slovak findings of this type,
the aforementioned coin has the highest weight. In Spišské Podhradie silver-coated bronze didrachm was discovered.
The tetradrachm of Veľký Bysterec type with the remains of inscription on its obverse – CAT or TAC – is also known
from Spišský Hrhov. It is the only known tetradrachm with the inscription in Slovakia. Up-to-date only the didrachms
of the mentioned type with inscriptions were known. The spectral analysis was performed on both coins. The iron
knife with the ring at the end of its handle was found on Dreveník Hill in cadastral territory of Spišské Podhradie. It
is dated to the 2nd–1st centuries BC based on the analogies from Slovakia and abroad. Two iron sickles are known from
the archaeological site of the Púchov culture situated in cadastral area of Hrabušice. Their chronological classification
within the La Tène Period is problematic.