See soorce fer Ethiopie

{{Coord|8|N|38|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox country 
|conventional_long_name = Federal Democratic Republic o Ethiopie
|common_name = Ethiopie
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|am|የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}}}}<br/><small>{{transl|am|''yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk''}}</small>
|image_flag = Flag of Ethiopia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Ethiopia.svg
|symbol_type = Emblem 
|national_anthem = <br/>{{lang|am|''ወደፊት ገስግሺ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ''}}<br/>{{small|''[[Mairch Forwart, Dear Mither Ethiopie]]''}}<br/><center>[[File:Wedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ittyoppya.ogg]]</center> 
|image_map = Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg
|image_map2 = Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg
|capital = [[Addis Ababa]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|9|1|N|38|45|E|type:city}} 
|largest_city = caipital
|official_languages = [[Amharic]] (federal)<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web|title=Article 5|url=http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et007en.pdf|work=Ethiopian Constitution|publisher=WIPO|accessdate=2 July 2015}}</ref>
|languages_type = [[Wirkin leid]]s
|languages = Federation member leids
|languages2_type = {{nowrap|'''[[Regional leid]]s'''}}
|languages2_sub = yes
|languages2 = {{Flatlist|
* [[Afar leid|Afar]]
* [[Amharic]]
* [[Harari leid|Harari]]
* [[Oromo leid|Oromo]]
* [[Somali leid|Somali]]
* [[Tigrinya leid|Tigrinya]] 
<!-- Only includes languages officially recognized by a region as the working language -->
}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2012<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|title=Ethiopia|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=11 June 2017|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|religion = {{nowrap|[[Christianity]] (62.8%)<br/>[[Islam]] (33.9%)<br/>[[Tradeetional African releegion|tradeetional faiths]] (2.6%)<br/>ithers (0.6%)<ref name="bx">{{Cite journal|last=Abegaz|first=Berhanu|date=June 1, 2005|title=Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities|url=http://bxabeg.people.wm.edu/Ethiopia.Census%20Portrait.pdf|journal=|volume=|pages=|access-date=2017-07-27|via=}}</ref>}} 
|demonym = [[Demografics o Ethiopie|Ethiopian]]
|government_type = 
[[Dominant pairty seestem|Dominant pairty]] [[Federalism|Federal]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Leet o Preses o Ethiopie|Preses]]
| leader_name1 = [[Sahle-Work Zewde]]
|leader_title2 = [[Leet o heids o govrenment o Ethiopie|Prime Meenister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Abiy Ahmed|Abiy Ahmed Ali]]
|legislature = [[Federal Pairlamentary Assembly]]
|upper_house = [[Hoose o Federation]]
|lower_house = [[Hoose o Fowks' Representatives]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History o Ethiopie|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Dʿmt]]
|established_date1 = c. 980 {{small|[[Afore Christ|BC]]}}
|established_event2 = [[Kinrick o Aksum]]
|established_date2 = c. 100 {{small|[[AD]]}}
|established_event3 = [[Ethiopie Empire]]
|established_date3 = 1137
|established_event4 = [[Derg]]
|established_date4 = 1974
|established_event5 = [[Fowk's Democratic Republic o Ethiopie]]
|established_date5 = 1987
|established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[1995 Constitution o Ethiopie|Current constitution]]}}
|established_date6 = August 1995
|area_km2 = 1,104,300
|area_rank = 26t <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
|area_sq_mi = 426,371 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 0.7
|population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
|population_census = 73,750,932<ref name=2007Census>{{cite web |title=Country Level |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/census-tables/category/301-census-tables?download=655:countrylevel |work=2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia |publisher=[[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|CSA]] |date=13 July 2010 |access-date=18 January 2013 |archive-date=2019-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208061518/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/census-tables/category/301-census-tables?download=655:countrylevel |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
|population_estimate_rank = 12t
|population_census_year = 2007
|population_density_km2 = 92.7
|population_density_sq_mi = 240.1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 123rd
|GDP_PPP = $216.449 billion<ref name="imf1">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=0&pr1.x=50&pr1.y=12&c=644&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: Ethiopia|work=World Economic Outlook Database|date= October 2017 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=2017-10-26}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year = 2018
|GDP_PPP_rank = 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,299.26<ref name="imf1"/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
|GDP_nominal = $87.303 billion<ref name="imf1"/>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2018
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $927.39<ref name="imf1"/>
|Gini = 33.6 <!--number only-->
|Gini_year = 2011
|Gini_change = increase
|Gini_ref =<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2015_human_development_report.pdf |series=Human Development Report|date=2015|title=Work for human development|last=Selima.|first=Jāhāna,|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=9789211263985|oclc=936070939}}</ref>
|Gini_rank = 
|HDI = 0.448 <!--number only-->
|HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
|HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report |date=2016 |accessdate=21 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref>
|HDI_rank = 174th
|currency = [[Ethiopie birr|Birr]]
|currency_code = ETB
|time_zone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset = +3
|utc_offset_DST = 
|time_zone_DST =
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+251]]
|cctld = [[.et]] 
|area_magnitude = 1 E12
|country_code = ETH
}}
[[File:Map of zones of Ethiopia.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''Ethiopie''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˌ|iː|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|p|i|ə}}) ([[Ge'ez alphabet|Ge'ez]]: ኢትዮጵያ ''{{Transl|gez|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}'') is a [[landlocked kintra]] locatit in the [[Horn o Africae]], an offeecially kent as the '''Federal Democratic Republic o Ethiopie'''. It is the seicont-maist populous naition in Africae, wi ower 85.2 million fowk,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nctimes.com/news/national/article_06b9f13d-293d-5e47-9452-ab8eda278f0e.html |title=Ethiopia, Africa's second most-populous country |publisher=Nctimes.com |date=2007-05-30 |accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref> an the tent-lairgest bi aurie, wi its 1,100,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The caipital is [[Addis Ababa]]. Ethiopie is bordered bi [[Eritrea]] tae the north, [[Sudan]] and [[Sooth Sudan]] tae the wast, [[Djibouti]] an [[Somalie]] tae the east, an [[Kenyae]] tae the sooth.

Ethiopie wis a [[monarchy]] for maist o its history, an the [[History o Ethiopie|Ethiopian dynasty]] traces its roots tae the 2nt century BC.<ref>Speakin efter his signin the disputit treaty atween Ethiopie an Italy in 1889, Emperor Menelik II made clear his position: ''"We cannae permit oor integrity as a Christian an ceevilized naition tae be questioned, nor the richt tae govern oor empire in absolute unthrildom. The Emperor o Ethiopie is a descendant o a dynasty that is 3,000 year auld&nbsp;— a dynasty that durin aw that time haes niver submittit tae an ootsider. Ethiopie haes niver been conquered an she niver shall be conquered bi onyane."'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=7zaniYN-kqUC&pg=PR25&dq=ethiopia+%223000+years%22&lr=&sig=rE1plTiqZ61uD-JMhO0Md1vd4Ao ''Ethiopia Unbound: Studies In Race Emancipation'' - p. xxv by Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford]</ref> Ethiopie is an aa ane o the auldest sites o human existence kent tae scientists the day, haein yieldit some o humanity's auldest traces.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens | publisher = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | date = 16 February 2005 | url = http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050214/full/050214-10.html | accessdate = 2008-02-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171811/http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050214/full/050214-10.html | archivedate = 2007-12-15 | url-status = live }}</ref> It mey be the region frae which ''Homo sapiens'' first set oot for the [[Middle East]] an pynts ayont.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation|journal=Science|month=February|year=2008|volume=319|issue=5866|pages=1100–1104|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/319/5866/1100|doi=10.1126/science.1153717|author=Li, J. Z.|pmid=18292342|last2=Absher|first2=DM|last3=Tang|first3=H|last4=Southwick|first4=AM|last5=Casto|first5=AM|last6=Ramachandran|first6=S|last7=Cann|first7=HM|last8=Barsh|first8=GS|last9=Feldman|first9=M}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM&refer=australia |title=Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says |publisher=Bloomberg.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2009-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=By KAREN KAPLAN, Los Angeles Times |url=http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |title=Around the world from Addis Ababa |publisher=Startribune.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2009-03-16 |archive-date=2008-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225143432/http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> When [[Scramble for Africae|Africae wis dividit up]] bi European pouers at the [[Berlin Conference]], Ethiopie wis ane o anerlie twa kintras that retained its [[sovereignty|unthirldom]]. It wis ane o anerlie fower African members o the [[League o Naitions]]. Efter a brief period o [[Italian East Africae|Italian occupation]], Ethiopie became a [[chairter member]] o the [[Unitit Naitions]]. When ither African naitions received thair unthrildom follaein [[Warld War II]], mony o them adoptit the colors o Ethiopie's [[banner o Ethiopie|Banner]], an Addis Ababa became the location o several internaitional organisations focused on Africae.

Modren Ethiopie an its current mairches are a result o significant territorial reduction in the north an expansion in the sooth taewart its present mairches, awin tae several migrations an commercial integration as weel as conquests, parteecularly bi [[Menelik II o Ethiopie|Emperor Menelik II]] an [[Ras Gobena]]. In 1974, the dynasty led bi Emperor [[Haile Selassie I o Ethiopie|Haile Selassie]] wis owerthrawn as ceevil wars intensified. Syne then, Ethiopie haes seen a variety o govrenmental seestems. Ethiopie is ane o the foondin members o the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] (NAM), [[Group o 77|G-77]] an the [[Organisation o African Unity]] (OAU). The day, Addis Ababa is still the heidquarter o the [[African Union]], the Nile Basin Commission,<ref>{{cite web |last=Simon |first=Ben |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jGGOTBz_8m8-Udatx2YtFswhpBtQ |title=Nile Basin Commission |publisher=Google.com |date=2010-05-14 |accessdate=2010-06-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527032739/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jGGOTBz_8m8-Udatx2YtFswhpBtQ |archivedate=2010-05-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> the Pan African Chamber o Commerce (PACCI) an<ref>[http://www.UNECA.org/ United Nations Economic Commission for Africa] UNECA</ref> [[UNECA]]. The kintra haes ane o the maist pouerful militaries in Africae an Addis Ababa is the heidquarter o the continental [[African Standby Force]] (ASF). Ethiopie is ane o a few African kintras tae hae its awn alphabet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=52014 |title=the only African country with its own alphabet |publisher=Irinnews.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref> Ethiopie an aa haes its awn time seestem an unique calendar, seiven tae aight years ahint the Gregorian Calendar. It haes the lairgest nummer o [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Sites]] in Africae.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&searchSites=&search_by_country=&search_yearinscribed=&type=&media=&region=5&criteria_restrication=&order=|title=World Heritage List&nbsp;– Africa|publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref>

The kintra is a land o naitural contrasts, wi spectacular [[Blue Nile Falls|waterfalls]] an volcanic het springs. Ethiopie haes some o Africae's heichest [[Semien Muntains|muntains]] as well as some o the warld's lawest pynts belaw sea level. The lairgest cave in Africae is locatit in Ethiopie at [[Sof Omar Caves|Sof Omar]], an the kintra's northernmost aurie at [[Dallol, Ethiopie|Dallol]] is ane o the hettest places year-roond onywhaur on Yird. Thare are aathgither aroond 80 different [[ethnic group]]s in Ethiopie the day, wi the twa lairgest bein the [[Oromo fowk|Oromo]] an the [[Amhara fowk|Amhara]], baith o which speak [[Afro-Asiatic leids]]. The kintra is an aa famous for its Olympic gowd medallists, rock-hewn kirks an as the place whaur the [[coffee|coffee bean]] oreeginatit. Currently, Ethiopie is the tap coffee an honey-producin kintra in Africae, an hame tae the lairgest livestock population in Africae.

Ethiopie haes close historical ties tae aw three o the warld's major [[Abrahamic relegions]]. It wis ane o the first Christian kintras in the warld, haein offeecially adoptit [[Christianity]] as the state releegion in the 4t century. It still haes a Christian majority, but a third o the population is [[Islam|Muslim]]. Ethiopia is the site o the first [[Hijra (Islam)|hijra]] in Islamic history an the auldest Muslim dounset in Africae at [[Negash]]. Until the 1980s, a substantial population o [[Ethiopian Jews]] residit in Ethiopie. The kintra is an aa the spiritual hameland o the [[Rastafari movement|Rastafari releegious movement]], that is influenced bi [[Pan-Africanism]] an haes globalized Ethiopian banner tricolors wi the spread o [[Reggae]] muisic alangside Hip hop cultur.
Ethiopie, which haes Africae's seicont biggest hydropouer potential,<ref>{{cite web|last=Davison |first=William |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-15/ethiopia-will-export-power-to-sudan-from-september-after-rains-boost-dams.html |title=Ethiopia Africa's second biggest hydropower |publisher=Bloomberg.com |date=2010-07-15 |accessdate=2010-12-12}}</ref> is the soorce o ower 85% o the tot Nile watter flow an contains rich soils, but it nivertheless unnerwent a series o [[1984–1985 famine in Ethiopie|famines]] in the 1980s, exacerbatit bi adverse [[geopolitics]] an ceevil wars, resultin in the daith o hunders o thoosans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/africa/147/history.htm |title=History of Conflict and Conservation: 1961-1991 |publisher=Worldwildlife.org |date=1974-09-12 |accessdate=2010-12-12}}</ref> Slowly, housomivver, the kintra haes begun tae recover, an the day Ethiopia haes the biggest economy in East Africae (GDP)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nazret.com/blog/index.php?title=ethiopia_surpasses_kenya_to_become_east_&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 |title=Ethiopia surpasses Kenya to become East Africa's Biggest Economy |publisher=Nazret.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-02 |archive-date=2010-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330034506/http://nazret.com/blog/index.php?title=ethiopia_surpasses_kenya_to_become_east_&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as the Ethiopian economy is an aa ane o the fastest growin in the warld an it is a [[Regional hegemony|regional pouerhoose]] in the [[Horn o Africae|Horn]] an east Africae.<ref>{{cite web |author=No Author |url=http://www.jimmatimes.com/article.cfm?articleID=17566 |title=Ethiopia has fastest growing non-Oil Economy in Africa&nbsp;– IMF |publisher=Jimmatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-02 |archive-date=2011-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429005459/http://www.jimmatimes.com/article.cfm?articleID=17566 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.export.by/en/?act=news&mode=view&id=14969 |title=Ethiopia will be 5th fastest growing economy in the world in 2010 - economist |publisher=Export.by |date=2009-11-25 |accessdate=2010-06-02 |archive-date=2011-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095557/http://www.export.by/en/?act=news&mode=view&id=14969 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.phila-tribune.com/channel/inthenews/112806/flood.asp Ethiopia regional powerhouse]{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://csis.org/blog/ethiopia-and-search-regional-peace-horn-africa |title=CSIS on Ethiopia regional power |publisher=Csis.org |date=2007-01-22 |accessdate=2010-06-02 |archive-date=2010-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209171746/http://csis.org/blog/ethiopia-and-search-regional-peace-horn-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Name ==

The Greek name Αἰθιοπία, appears twice in the ''[[Iliad]]'' an three times in the ''[[Odyssey]]''.<ref>Histories, book 2, chapters 29 and 146; book 3 chapter 17 Odyssey, book 1, lines 22-23; book 4, line 84</ref> The Greek historian ''[[Herodotus]]'' specifically uises it for aw the lands sooth o Egyp,<ref>Histories, II, 29-30; III, 114; IV, 197</ref> includin Sudan an modren Ethiopie.
{{polytonic|Αἰθιοπία}}, ''Aithiopia'' is frae {{polytonic|Αἰθίοψ}}, ''Aithiops'', ‘an Ethiopian’, derived in turn frae Greek wirds meanin "o burned face".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232329 |title=Aithiops, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, '&#39;A Greek-English Lexicon'&#39;, at Perseus |publisher=Perseus.tufts.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-03-16}}</ref>

The name ''Ethiopiee'' an aa occurs in mony translations o the Old Testament, but the Hebrew texts hae '''[[Kinrick o Kush|Kush]]''', which refers foremaist tae Nubie / Sudan.<ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref> In the (Greek) New Testament, houiver, the Greek term Aithiops, ‘an Ethiopian’, daes occur,<ref>Acts 8:27</ref> referrin tae a servant o Candace or ''[[Kentakes]]'', possibly an inhabitant o ''[[Meroe]]'' which wis later conquered bi the [[Kinrick o Axum]]. The earliest attested uise o the name ''Ityopya'' in the region itsel is as a name for the [[Kinrick o Aksum]] in the 4t century, in stone inscriptions o [[Ezana o Axum|Keeng Ezana]],<ref>Munro Hay 1991</ref> who first Christianized the entire apparatus o the kinrick.

[[Pliny the Elder]]<ref>''Nat. Hist.'' 6.184–187</ref> says the kintra's name comes frae a personal name [[Aethiops]].

The Greek name wis adoptit intae [[Ge'ez leid|Ge'ez]], appearin in the 15t century  ''[[Book of Aksum]]'' as  ''{{Unicode|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}''. Aethiops appears as  "'[[Ityopp'is]]", identified as a son (unmentioned in the Bible) o [[Biblical Cush|Cush, son o Ham]], who accordin tae legend foondit the ceety o [[Axum]].

In Inglis, an generally ootside Ethiopiee, the kintra wis an aa ance [[Geographical renaming|historically kent as]] '''[[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinie]]''', derived frae ''Habesh'', an early [[Arabic]] form o the [[Ethiopian Semitic leids|Ethiosemitic]] name "Ḥabaśāt" (unvocalized "ḤBŚT"). The modren form ''[[Habesha]]'' is the native name for the kintra's indwallers (while the kintra haes been cried "Ityopp'ya"). In a few leids, Ethiopie is still referred tae bi names cognate wi "Abyssinie," e.g., modren Arabic ''Al-Ḥabashah'', meanin land o the Habasha fowk.

The term ''Habesha'', strictly speakin, refers anerlie tae the Semitic-speakin groups, parteecularly the [[Amhara fowk|Amhara]] an [[Tigray-Tigrinya fowk]] who hae historically dominatit the kintra poleetically, as well as the Gurage an ither smawer communities lik the Harari o eastren Ethiopie. Housomeivver, in contemporary Ethiopie, the wird Habesha is whiles uised tae describe aw Ethiopians an Eritreans. Abyssinie can strictly refer tae juist the northwastren Ethiopian provinces o [[Amhara Region|Amhara]] an [[Tigray Region|Tigray]], as well as central [[Eritrea]], while it wis historically uised as anither name for Ethiopie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Abyssinia |title=Abyssinia - LoveToKnow 1911 |publisher=1911encyclopedia.org |date=2006-10-22 |accessdate=2009-03-16}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Ethiopia}}

[[Category:Ethiopie| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Federal kintras]]
[[Category:Umwhile empires]]
[[Category:Horn o Africae]]
[[Category:Landlocked kintras]]
[[Category:Least Developed Kintras]]


{{Stub/Africae}}