Introduction and aim Neuropsychiatric complications that develop after living donor liver transpl... more Introduction and aim Neuropsychiatric complications that develop after living donor liver transplantation (LT) are frequently encountered, though not adequately estimated among Egyptian recipients. We aimed to estimate the frequency of neuropsychiatric manifestations and neurocognitive functional changes after living donor LT. Patients and methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate 30 adult patients with end-stage liver disease preoperatively in a single Egyptian Transplant Center from November 2012 till January 2014. Relevant preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded and recollected and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. The assessment included neurologic evaluation, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, model of end-stage liver disease score, clinical hepatic encephalopathy staging scale, West Haven criteria, and International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism score for semiquantitative assessment of encephalopathy. Results Hepatitis C virus was the main etiology for liver disease in 27 (90%) patients. Overt hepatic encephalopathy was seen in 26.6%, whereas covert hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 43.3%. Postoperatively, 76.7% of the patients demonstrated neuropsychiatric manifestations, with 50% of them showing mainly early major events, namely, encephalopathy. Late minor manifestation rates were 50%. Early cyclosporine administration and cold ischemia time longer than 40 min were significant predictors of occurrence of early neurologic events postoperatively (P=0.031 and 0.025, respectively). Both risk factors were associated with earlier and higher rates of neurologic complications. Conclusion Patients of living donor LT are at increased risk of developing early postoperative major neurologic sequelae, which become of less clinical significance later on. The patients' cognitive functions improve with time after transplant.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is one of the most com... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is one of the most common leading causes of cancer related deaths. Chronic Schistosoma mansoni and HCV co-infection accelerates the progression of liver disease increasing incidence of early development of HCC. Anti-parasitic rule of artemisinin together with its anti-viral and antitumor effects make this drug a good target for investigation as a prophylaxis against HCC. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation have improved the quality of healthcare studies through providing high quality predictions of in silicon effect of drugs. This review aims to discuss repositioning artemisinin as a prophylactic treatment against development of HCC in patients co infected with Schistosoma mansoni and HCV, pointing out the rule of Molecular docking and dynamics in predicting the rate of success of this drug.
Background: Scabies is a widespread health issue that is currently underappreciated, mostly in de... more Background: Scabies is a widespread health issue that is currently underappreciated, mostly in developing nations. The WHO's strategy for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030, which aims to achieve the unmet Sustainable Development Goals, recently included scabies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical profile and the impact of the different risk factors in scabietic children at Khartoum Teaching Hospital for Dermatology and Venereology, aiming to put scabies in focus and exploring definitive measures for its control, clarifying the impact of placing scabies control as an achievable and valuable objective in Sudan. Subjects and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among all dermatological cases of children that attend Khartoum Teaching Hospital for Dermatology and Venereology in the period from November 2018 to January 2019, among them 144 cases were diagnosed as scabies according to the hospital protocol. one hundred children aged 1-16 years, were selected according to calculating sample size and applying inclusion criteria. Data were collected by using pre-designed questionnaire and then analyzed by computer using SPSS. Results: The overall prevalence of scabies was 6.98%. The highest percent of cases were recorded in the age group between 6-10 years 41 (41%), 80 cases (80.0%) were presented with nocturnal itching. The site of lesion was in the finger webs in 92 (92.0%) children,70 cases (70.0%) had burrow lesions, 97 (97.0%) children had 1-10 family members, 96 (96.0%) children were sharing bed, animals in house were found with18 (18.0%) children. Conclusion: Scabies prevalence in children in Sudan is high compared to other developing countries. Comprehensive control strategies are urgently needed. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions, implementing appropriate educational programs and surveillance system for applying preventive measures, rapid diagnosis and definitive treatment of scabietic cases are necessary in order to reduce the overall prevalence of scabies.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is ... more Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is usually not life-threatening, but has been associated with the development many serious health problems. The development of resistant Trichomonas vaginalis strains necessitates the development of other nontraditional medications. Studies on deer musk showed its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal affects. This study was carried out to evaluate in vitro effects of different concentrations of musk 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% (vol/vol) for 24, 48, 72and 96 hours at 37 °C on multiplication, viability and motility of Trichomonas vaginalis also morphological changes using scanning and transmission electron microscopy were reported and optical density of treated cultures were assayed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of musk were 10% at 96h, 15% at 72h, 20% and 25% at 48h and 30% at 24h. The calibration curve of musk studied concentrations was found to be linear (R 2 = 0.942) indicating large positive association between the concentration of musk and the optical density of the culture.Musk is a safe natural product having the privilege of being anti Trichomonas vaginalis as well as antifungal and antibacterial properties so it provides a promising source for new drugs development.
S chistosomiasis has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the neglect... more S chistosomiasis has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the neglected Infectious diseases (NIDs). Schistosomiasis is an important public health problem and presents an economic burden since a review of the disease burden estimated that more than 200 000 deaths per year in sub-Saharan Africa. There is approximately 779 million people are at risk of infection worldwide. The Global Health Estimates disease burden over the past decade from 1.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to as many as 56 million DALYs, depending on the disease prevalence (
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to ac... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to account for about 4.7 % of chronic liver disease in Egyptian patients. The present study aimed at studying the different factors that may be implicated in the relationship of schistosomiasis mansoni with HCC in Egypt. A total of 75 Egyptian patients with primary liver tumours (HCC) were enrolled in this study. They were subjected to full history taking and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. According to the results, the patients were categorized into two groups: Group I: 29 patients with negative IHA for schistosomiasis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive with no history or laboratory evidence of previous or current Schistosoma mansoni infection. Group II: 46 patients with positive IHA for schistosomiasis and HCV positive. The significant higher proportion of HCC patients in the present study had concomitant HCV and schistosomiasis (61.3 %) compared to HCC patients with HCV alone (38.7 %) suggesting that the co-infection had increased the incidence of HCC among these patients. Analysis of the age distribution among HCC patients revealed that patients in Group II were younger in age at time of diagnosis of HCC with mean age 57.1 years, as compared to patients in Group I with mean age 64.3 years with a highly significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. HCC in Group II was more common in rural residents while it was more common in urban areas in Group I with a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. Analysis of the sex distribution among the studied groups showed that HCC was more common in males than females in both groups. As regards the aggression of HCC, it was more commonly multifocal and larger in size in patients with concomitant infection than in patients with HCV alone.
Giardia duodenalis is considered the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea worldwide. Genetic ... more Giardia duodenalis is considered the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea worldwide. Genetic studies revealed that at least eight assemblages (A–H) exist. Of these assemblages, A and B are found primarily in human beings and occasionally in animals. The association between clinical symptoms and G. duodenalis assemblages is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the assemblages of G. duodenalis prevalent among Egyptian children with diarrhea. Therefore, 96 positive stool samples for Giardia by light microscopy were subjected to multilocus genotyping targeting the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), βgiardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were then purified, sequenced, and aligned with reference strains to determine the assemblages of the Giardia isolates. Out of the 96 microscopically positive stool samples for Giardia, 77 (80 %) were successfully amplified and sequenced at least at onelocus.Ofthese,21(27.3%)wereshowntobeassemblage A, 54(70.1 %) assemblage B, while discordant sequence typing results were observed in 2 (2.6 %) samples. AII was the predominant subassemblage of assemblage A, while it was generally difficult to further classify assemblage B. It was concluded that infection with assemblage B was more common than that with assemblage A. No associations between epidemiological information and assemblage were detected, exceptwithage.Although infectionswithassemblageB were more frequently associated with abdominal pain and acute diarrhea than with assemblage A, the difference was not statistically significant.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to ac... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to account for about 4.7 % of chronic liver disease in Egyptian patients. The present study aimed at studying the different factors that may be implicated in the relationship of schistosomiasis mansoni with HCC in Egypt. A total of 75 Egyptian patients with primary liver tumours (HCC) were enrolled in this study. They were subjected to full history taking and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. According to the results, the patients were categorized into two groups: Group I: 29 patients with negative IHA for schistosomiasis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive with no history or laboratory evidence of previous or current Schistosoma mansoni infection. Group II: 46 patients with positive IHA for schistosomiasis and HCV positive. The significant higher proportion of HCC patients in the present study had concomitant HCV and schistosomiasis (61.3 %) compared to HCC patients with HCV alone (38.7 %) suggesting that the co-infection had increased the incidence of HCC among these patients. Analysis of the age distribution among HCC patients revealed that patients in Group II were younger in age at time of diagnosis of HCC with mean age 57.1 years, as compared to patients in Group I with mean age 64.3 years with a highly significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. HCC in Group II was more common in rural residents while it was more common in urban areas in Group I with a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. Analysis of the sex distribution among the studied groups showed that HCC was more common in males than females in both groups. As regards the aggression of HCC, it was more commonly multifocal and larger in size in patients with concomitant infection than in patients with HCV alone.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is ... more Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is usually not life-threatening, but has been associated with the development many serious health problems. The development of resistant Trichomonas vaginalis strains necessitates the development of other nontraditional medications. Studies on deer musk showed its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal affects. This study was carried out to evaluate in vitro effects of different concentrations of musk 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% (vol/vol) for 24, 48, 72and 96 hours at 37 °C on multiplication, viability and motility of Trichomonas vaginalis also morphological changes using scanning and transmission electron microscopy were reported and optical density of treated cultures were assayed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of musk were 10% at 96h, 15% at 72h, 20% and 25% at 48h and 30% at 24h. The calibration curve of musk studied concentrations was found to be linear (R 2 = 0.942) indicating large positive association between the concentration of musk and the optical density of the culture.Musk is a safe natural product having the privilege of being anti Trichomonas vaginalis as well as antifungal and antibacterial properties so it provides a promising source for new drugs development.
The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt has been increasing with a doubling in the ... more The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt has been increasing with a doubling in the incidence rate in the past 10 years, which necessitates the investigation of the possible risk factors to its development. The present study aimed at investigating the role of Schistosoma mansoni infection as a risk factor for development of HCC. Five hundred parasite free mice were categorized into four groups: Group I (induction of carcinoma by diethylnitrosamine (DEN)), Group II (DEN + Infection), Group III (Infection) and Group IV (Control). Groups I and II were further subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the dose of DEN given. Serum samples from each group were examined for levels of tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and ferritin by ELISA, then mice were sacrificed and subjected to histopathological examination of their livers. These were repeated every week till the end of the experiment. The results of the histopatho-logical examination clarified the role of S. mansoni in enhancing and aggravating the carcinogenic effect of DEN; dysplastic changes appeared earlier, with a higher grade and with a smaller dose of DEN in Group II compared to Group I. Serum levels of tumor markers showed earlier statistically significant differences in Group II than in Group I when compared to Group IV. We conclude that S. mansoni accelerates hepatic dysplastic changes in the presence of other risk factors making cancer appear early and with a more aggressive nature, compared to the same risk in absence of schistosomiasis.
Introduction and aim Neuropsychiatric complications that develop after living donor liver transpl... more Introduction and aim Neuropsychiatric complications that develop after living donor liver transplantation (LT) are frequently encountered, though not adequately estimated among Egyptian recipients. We aimed to estimate the frequency of neuropsychiatric manifestations and neurocognitive functional changes after living donor LT. Patients and methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate 30 adult patients with end-stage liver disease preoperatively in a single Egyptian Transplant Center from November 2012 till January 2014. Relevant preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded and recollected and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. The assessment included neurologic evaluation, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, model of end-stage liver disease score, clinical hepatic encephalopathy staging scale, West Haven criteria, and International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism score for semiquantitative assessment of encephalopathy. Results Hepatitis C virus was the main etiology for liver disease in 27 (90%) patients. Overt hepatic encephalopathy was seen in 26.6%, whereas covert hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 43.3%. Postoperatively, 76.7% of the patients demonstrated neuropsychiatric manifestations, with 50% of them showing mainly early major events, namely, encephalopathy. Late minor manifestation rates were 50%. Early cyclosporine administration and cold ischemia time longer than 40 min were significant predictors of occurrence of early neurologic events postoperatively (P=0.031 and 0.025, respectively). Both risk factors were associated with earlier and higher rates of neurologic complications. Conclusion Patients of living donor LT are at increased risk of developing early postoperative major neurologic sequelae, which become of less clinical significance later on. The patients' cognitive functions improve with time after transplant.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is one of the most com... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is one of the most common leading causes of cancer related deaths. Chronic Schistosoma mansoni and HCV co-infection accelerates the progression of liver disease increasing incidence of early development of HCC. Anti-parasitic rule of artemisinin together with its anti-viral and antitumor effects make this drug a good target for investigation as a prophylaxis against HCC. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation have improved the quality of healthcare studies through providing high quality predictions of in silicon effect of drugs. This review aims to discuss repositioning artemisinin as a prophylactic treatment against development of HCC in patients co infected with Schistosoma mansoni and HCV, pointing out the rule of Molecular docking and dynamics in predicting the rate of success of this drug.
Background: Scabies is a widespread health issue that is currently underappreciated, mostly in de... more Background: Scabies is a widespread health issue that is currently underappreciated, mostly in developing nations. The WHO's strategy for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030, which aims to achieve the unmet Sustainable Development Goals, recently included scabies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical profile and the impact of the different risk factors in scabietic children at Khartoum Teaching Hospital for Dermatology and Venereology, aiming to put scabies in focus and exploring definitive measures for its control, clarifying the impact of placing scabies control as an achievable and valuable objective in Sudan. Subjects and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among all dermatological cases of children that attend Khartoum Teaching Hospital for Dermatology and Venereology in the period from November 2018 to January 2019, among them 144 cases were diagnosed as scabies according to the hospital protocol. one hundred children aged 1-16 years, were selected according to calculating sample size and applying inclusion criteria. Data were collected by using pre-designed questionnaire and then analyzed by computer using SPSS. Results: The overall prevalence of scabies was 6.98%. The highest percent of cases were recorded in the age group between 6-10 years 41 (41%), 80 cases (80.0%) were presented with nocturnal itching. The site of lesion was in the finger webs in 92 (92.0%) children,70 cases (70.0%) had burrow lesions, 97 (97.0%) children had 1-10 family members, 96 (96.0%) children were sharing bed, animals in house were found with18 (18.0%) children. Conclusion: Scabies prevalence in children in Sudan is high compared to other developing countries. Comprehensive control strategies are urgently needed. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions, implementing appropriate educational programs and surveillance system for applying preventive measures, rapid diagnosis and definitive treatment of scabietic cases are necessary in order to reduce the overall prevalence of scabies.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is ... more Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is usually not life-threatening, but has been associated with the development many serious health problems. The development of resistant Trichomonas vaginalis strains necessitates the development of other nontraditional medications. Studies on deer musk showed its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal affects. This study was carried out to evaluate in vitro effects of different concentrations of musk 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% (vol/vol) for 24, 48, 72and 96 hours at 37 °C on multiplication, viability and motility of Trichomonas vaginalis also morphological changes using scanning and transmission electron microscopy were reported and optical density of treated cultures were assayed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of musk were 10% at 96h, 15% at 72h, 20% and 25% at 48h and 30% at 24h. The calibration curve of musk studied concentrations was found to be linear (R 2 = 0.942) indicating large positive association between the concentration of musk and the optical density of the culture.Musk is a safe natural product having the privilege of being anti Trichomonas vaginalis as well as antifungal and antibacterial properties so it provides a promising source for new drugs development.
S chistosomiasis has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the neglect... more S chistosomiasis has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the neglected Infectious diseases (NIDs). Schistosomiasis is an important public health problem and presents an economic burden since a review of the disease burden estimated that more than 200 000 deaths per year in sub-Saharan Africa. There is approximately 779 million people are at risk of infection worldwide. The Global Health Estimates disease burden over the past decade from 1.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to as many as 56 million DALYs, depending on the disease prevalence (
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to ac... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to account for about 4.7 % of chronic liver disease in Egyptian patients. The present study aimed at studying the different factors that may be implicated in the relationship of schistosomiasis mansoni with HCC in Egypt. A total of 75 Egyptian patients with primary liver tumours (HCC) were enrolled in this study. They were subjected to full history taking and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. According to the results, the patients were categorized into two groups: Group I: 29 patients with negative IHA for schistosomiasis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive with no history or laboratory evidence of previous or current Schistosoma mansoni infection. Group II: 46 patients with positive IHA for schistosomiasis and HCV positive. The significant higher proportion of HCC patients in the present study had concomitant HCV and schistosomiasis (61.3 %) compared to HCC patients with HCV alone (38.7 %) suggesting that the co-infection had increased the incidence of HCC among these patients. Analysis of the age distribution among HCC patients revealed that patients in Group II were younger in age at time of diagnosis of HCC with mean age 57.1 years, as compared to patients in Group I with mean age 64.3 years with a highly significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. HCC in Group II was more common in rural residents while it was more common in urban areas in Group I with a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. Analysis of the sex distribution among the studied groups showed that HCC was more common in males than females in both groups. As regards the aggression of HCC, it was more commonly multifocal and larger in size in patients with concomitant infection than in patients with HCV alone.
Giardia duodenalis is considered the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea worldwide. Genetic ... more Giardia duodenalis is considered the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea worldwide. Genetic studies revealed that at least eight assemblages (A–H) exist. Of these assemblages, A and B are found primarily in human beings and occasionally in animals. The association between clinical symptoms and G. duodenalis assemblages is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the assemblages of G. duodenalis prevalent among Egyptian children with diarrhea. Therefore, 96 positive stool samples for Giardia by light microscopy were subjected to multilocus genotyping targeting the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), βgiardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were then purified, sequenced, and aligned with reference strains to determine the assemblages of the Giardia isolates. Out of the 96 microscopically positive stool samples for Giardia, 77 (80 %) were successfully amplified and sequenced at least at onelocus.Ofthese,21(27.3%)wereshowntobeassemblage A, 54(70.1 %) assemblage B, while discordant sequence typing results were observed in 2 (2.6 %) samples. AII was the predominant subassemblage of assemblage A, while it was generally difficult to further classify assemblage B. It was concluded that infection with assemblage B was more common than that with assemblage A. No associations between epidemiological information and assemblage were detected, exceptwithage.Although infectionswithassemblageB were more frequently associated with abdominal pain and acute diarrhea than with assemblage A, the difference was not statistically significant.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to ac... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It was reported to account for about 4.7 % of chronic liver disease in Egyptian patients. The present study aimed at studying the different factors that may be implicated in the relationship of schistosomiasis mansoni with HCC in Egypt. A total of 75 Egyptian patients with primary liver tumours (HCC) were enrolled in this study. They were subjected to full history taking and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. According to the results, the patients were categorized into two groups: Group I: 29 patients with negative IHA for schistosomiasis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive with no history or laboratory evidence of previous or current Schistosoma mansoni infection. Group II: 46 patients with positive IHA for schistosomiasis and HCV positive. The significant higher proportion of HCC patients in the present study had concomitant HCV and schistosomiasis (61.3 %) compared to HCC patients with HCV alone (38.7 %) suggesting that the co-infection had increased the incidence of HCC among these patients. Analysis of the age distribution among HCC patients revealed that patients in Group II were younger in age at time of diagnosis of HCC with mean age 57.1 years, as compared to patients in Group I with mean age 64.3 years with a highly significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. HCC in Group II was more common in rural residents while it was more common in urban areas in Group I with a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. Analysis of the sex distribution among the studied groups showed that HCC was more common in males than females in both groups. As regards the aggression of HCC, it was more commonly multifocal and larger in size in patients with concomitant infection than in patients with HCV alone.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is ... more Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease afflicting many women worldwide. The disease is usually not life-threatening, but has been associated with the development many serious health problems. The development of resistant Trichomonas vaginalis strains necessitates the development of other nontraditional medications. Studies on deer musk showed its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal affects. This study was carried out to evaluate in vitro effects of different concentrations of musk 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% (vol/vol) for 24, 48, 72and 96 hours at 37 °C on multiplication, viability and motility of Trichomonas vaginalis also morphological changes using scanning and transmission electron microscopy were reported and optical density of treated cultures were assayed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of musk were 10% at 96h, 15% at 72h, 20% and 25% at 48h and 30% at 24h. The calibration curve of musk studied concentrations was found to be linear (R 2 = 0.942) indicating large positive association between the concentration of musk and the optical density of the culture.Musk is a safe natural product having the privilege of being anti Trichomonas vaginalis as well as antifungal and antibacterial properties so it provides a promising source for new drugs development.
The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt has been increasing with a doubling in the ... more The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt has been increasing with a doubling in the incidence rate in the past 10 years, which necessitates the investigation of the possible risk factors to its development. The present study aimed at investigating the role of Schistosoma mansoni infection as a risk factor for development of HCC. Five hundred parasite free mice were categorized into four groups: Group I (induction of carcinoma by diethylnitrosamine (DEN)), Group II (DEN + Infection), Group III (Infection) and Group IV (Control). Groups I and II were further subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the dose of DEN given. Serum samples from each group were examined for levels of tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and ferritin by ELISA, then mice were sacrificed and subjected to histopathological examination of their livers. These were repeated every week till the end of the experiment. The results of the histopatho-logical examination clarified the role of S. mansoni in enhancing and aggravating the carcinogenic effect of DEN; dysplastic changes appeared earlier, with a higher grade and with a smaller dose of DEN in Group II compared to Group I. Serum levels of tumor markers showed earlier statistically significant differences in Group II than in Group I when compared to Group IV. We conclude that S. mansoni accelerates hepatic dysplastic changes in the presence of other risk factors making cancer appear early and with a more aggressive nature, compared to the same risk in absence of schistosomiasis.
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diarrhea than with assemblage A, the difference was not statistically significant.
as compared to patients in Group I with mean age 64.3 years with a highly significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. HCC in Group II was more common in rural residents while it was more common in urban areas in Group I with a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. Analysis of the sex distribution among the studied groups showed that HCC was more common in males than females in both groups. As regards the aggression of HCC, it was more commonly multifocal and larger in size in patients with concomitant infection than in patients with HCV alone.
diarrhea than with assemblage A, the difference was not statistically significant.
as compared to patients in Group I with mean age 64.3 years with a highly significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. HCC in Group II was more common in rural residents while it was more common in urban areas in Group I with a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. Analysis of the sex distribution among the studied groups showed that HCC was more common in males than females in both groups. As regards the aggression of HCC, it was more commonly multifocal and larger in size in patients with concomitant infection than in patients with HCV alone.