Papers by Sjournals (Scientific Journals)
Scientific Journal of Microbiology, 2012
Scientific Journal of …, 2012
A study was carried out on the morphometry of reproductive genitalia of 45 African Zebu cattle (A... more A study was carried out on the morphometry of reproductive genitalia of 45 African Zebu cattle (AZC) using standard laboratory procedure, with special reference to heifers and cows. The overall mean weight of the genitalia of heifers and cows were 0.43 +0.03 kg and 0.79 + 0.02 kg respectively. The mean ovarian weights of the heifer from left and right were 3.80 +0.12g and 4.88 +0.04g; that of the cows were 3.53 +0.10g and 5.48 +0.04g respectively. The mean length of the cow oviduct from left and right was 30.04 +0.08 cm and 30.21 + 0.07 cm; that of the heifer was 21.68 + 0.18 cm and 22.14 + 0.16 cm respectively. There was no significant difference in the diameter of the oviduct and between the right and left length of the oviduct (P > 0.05). The length and diameter of the cervix of heifer were 7.38 + 0.10 cm and 3.18 + 0.07 cm; and that of the cows were 8.08 + 0.04 cm and 3.48 + 0.02 cm respectively. It was observed that the ovaries of cows were significantly greater in weight than those of the heifers (P<0.05). This study provides a baseline for our indigenous breed of African Zebu Cattles in the North-east zone of Nigeria.
Scientific Journal of Agricultural, 2013
Crop behaviour and soils are not uniform within an orchard which have been the triggering factor ... more Crop behaviour and soils are not uniform within an orchard which have been the triggering factor for not able to break yield barrier through effective nutrient management programme. Better response of site specific nutrient management (SSNM) over recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) including those of farmers' conventional fertilization practices (FFP) signals a wake-up call to address the fertilizer requirements on the principles of SSNM, if the full potential of orchard productivity has to be realized on a given soil type. These observations also warrant to tailor the fertilizer application on the basis of spatial variation in available supply of nutrients in soil and tree canopy size within an orchard to minimize the gap between actual and potential productivity of citrus orchards.
Scientific Journal of Microbiology, 2013
Laban Zeer is a traditional Egyptian fermented milk product. The microorganisms of Laban Zeer wer... more Laban Zeer is a traditional Egyptian fermented milk product. The microorganisms of Laban Zeer were isolated and identified to species level, as well as the antibacterial activity of Laban Zeer was also studied against pathogenic bacteria. Total viable microorganisms, including, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic mesophilic bacterial, Enterococus and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated. A total forty eight LAB and twenty eight yeast isolates were isolated from four Laban Zeer samples and identified by API 50 CHL and API 20C AUX identification system, respectively. The avenger of LAB counts were 7.4 cfu/g, while yeast and Enterococus counts were 4.67 and 4.39 cfu/g, respectively. It is noted that the count of bacteria belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae was not detected in all tested samples. The LAB species were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. plantarum, Lb. paracasei subsp paracasei, Lb. delbercii subsp bulgaricus, Lb. curvatus subsp curvatus and Lb acidophilus. The isolated yeasts were identified as Sccharomyces cervisiae, Candida kefyr, Candida utilis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The most frequently isolated species was found to be Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris (37.5%), Lb. rhamnosus (20.8%), Sccharomyces cervisiae (41.9%) and Candida kefyr (29.0%). The antimicrobial activities of Laban Zeer were evaluated in vitro using an agar well diffusion method and in situ method. The major supernatants of Laban Zeer samples inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria, belonging to Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Listeria and Staphylococcus genera in Contents lists available at Sjournals Journal homepage: www.Sjournals.com Original article F. A. Saleh / Scientific Journal of Microbiology 31-42 32 various degrees. The in situ method was performed by the inoculation of Staph. aureus and E. coli in Laban Zeer samples separately at an initial level around of 6 log cfu/ml. The count of Staph. aureus and E. coli were not detected after 12 and 3 days of refrigerated storage period, respectively in samples number 2 and 3. Laban Zeer is not suitable environment for growth and activity of such pathogen and would eliminate the pathogen early enough before the products were made ready for consumption. The microorganisms isolated from Laban Zeer can be used widely in the food fermentation industry as starter culture and bio-preservatives due to their broad inhibition spectrum.
Scientific Journal of …, 2013
Scientific Journal of …, 2012
The study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of foetal wastage following indiscriminate slau... more The study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of foetal wastage following indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant camel in the Sokoto state over a period of seven months. A total of 3172 camels were slaughtered, out of which, 1534 were females; with a total of 682 (44.46%) fetuses recovered duaring the study period.441 fetuses belongs to the first trimester, 173 fetuses belongs to the second trimester, and 68 fetuses belongs to the third trimester.408 of the fetuses were male, 274 fetuses were female and 36 fetuses were at undifferetial stage.The implication of these losses was discussed and way of preventing the dilema was sugested. There was significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of fetuses recovered and the period of the study (month).
Scientific Journal of …, 2012
Preliminary clinical observations were carried out following intravenous blood transfusions in sh... more Preliminary clinical observations were carried out following intravenous blood transfusions in sheep. Twelve (12) adult sheep were used, six (6) as donors and six (6) as recipients. Blood was collected via venepuncture using commercial blood bags used fur humans. The collected blood was immediately transfused to the recipients; observations for clinical signs, reactions, and vital parameters were recorded. Repeat intravenous transfusions were also conducted and similar clinical observations were conducted. Reactions observed in recipient include Hyperthermia, Hyperthermia tachycardia, hyperpnoea and anorexia. A mean increase of 7.83 cycle/min and 3.83 was observed for respiratory rate, heart beat rate and packed cell volume respectively. A mean decrease in temperature of -3.6 o c was observed in the recipients. No mortality was recorded aside from those clinical observations.
Scientific Journal of Veterinary …, 2012
Scientific Journal of …, 2012
Tarkhineh is a traditional Iranian fermented product produced from a mixture of doogh and wheat g... more Tarkhineh is a traditional Iranian fermented product produced from a mixture of doogh and wheat grout. The purposes of the present study were identifying of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated and Changes of lactic acid bacteria flora throughout spontaneous fermentation of Tarkhineh. Results have shown a total of ten strains of LAB were isolated from Tarkhineh on the 3th day of fermentation using MRS agar plates and identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The isolates were identified as L.nagelii(67%), L.bifermentans(21.3%), Leu.cermoris(6%), L.fructosus(1.45%), L.fermentum(1%), L.intestinalis(0.9%), L.agilis(0.9%) L.acidipiscis(0.9%) was reported, and approximately %1 of isolated samples remained unknown. The naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria load was found to vary between 1.97×10 5 and 4.3×10 5 cfu/gr. The main source of lactic acid bacteria was found to be the doogh.
Scientific Journal of Review, 2012
Evaporation is influenced by number of agro-meteorological parameters and one of the integral com... more Evaporation is influenced by number of agro-meteorological parameters and one of the integral components of the hydrological cycle and. Usually, estimates of evaporation are needed in a wide array of problems in agriculture, hydrology, agronomy, forestry and land resources planning, such as water balance computation, irrigation management, crop yield forecasting model, river flow forecasting, ecosystem modeling. Irrigation can substantially increase crop yields, but again the scheduling of the water application is usually based on evaporation estimates. Numerous investigators developed models for estimation of evaporation. The interrelated meteorological factors having a major influence on evaporation have been incorporated into various formulae for estimating evaporation. Unfortunately, reliable estimates of evaporation are extremely difficult to obtain because of complex interactions between the components of the land-plant-atmosphere system. In hot climate, the loss of water by evaporation from rivers, canals and open-water bodies is a vital factor as evaporation takes a significant portion of all water supplies. Even in humid areas, evaporation loss is significant, although the cumulative precipitation tends to mask it due to which it is ordinarily not recognized except during rainless period. Therefore, the need for reliable models for quantifying evaporation losses from increasingly scarce water resources is greater than ever before. Accurate estimation of evaporation is fundamental for effective management of water resources. The evaporation models using MLR techniques is discussed her in details.
Scientific Journal of …, 2012
Finding natural antimicrobial compound with minimum side effects on health the is important becau... more Finding natural antimicrobial compound with minimum side effects on health the is important because of microorganisms are more antibiotics resistance. Avicenniaceae family is a member of true mangrove plants which has one genus, 11 species and several sub species. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh is the most current species among these plants in Iranian mangrove forest. In this study, mangrove leaves were dried in shadow and appropriate condition. After extraction with ethanol 96 degree, methanol 96 degree and 20% glycerin antimicrobial effect of extract were determined by "screening antimicrobial activity" and "disk agar diffusion test" in 20, 40, 60 and 80 Percent concentration of the extract against Penicillium digitatum. The results showed that mangrove leaf extract in screening antimicrobial activity method in 2000 μg/ml, were inhibited Penicillium digitatum of growth. In "disk agar diffusion test, mangrove extract, in 20, 40, 60 and 80 Percent concentration, the mentioned extract were shown inhibition effect on mold pathogen growth. Ethanol 96 degree extract was more effective than methanol 96 degree and 20% glycerin extract as antimicrobial against on Penicillium digitatum (p<0.05). Results showed extract of mangrove can be used as natural antimicrobial in food products.
Scientific Journal of …, Jan 1, 2012
The phytochemistry and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of crude ethanolic leaf extract and alkalo... more The phytochemistry and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of crude ethanolic leaf extract and alkaloidal fractions of Phyllanthus amarus on the Gram positive (Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus; Coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp.; Serratia marcescens; Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from mid stream urine were carried out using standard microbiological and disc diffusion techniques. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic leaf extracts of P. amarus revealed the presence of phyto-constituents such as alkaloids (+++), tannins (+++), saponins (++), flavonoids (++), cardiac glycoside (+), free anthraquinones (++), deoxy-Sugar test (+) and phlobatanins (+), while combined anthraquinones was not detected. The results showed that P. amarus extracts exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory effects against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria isolated from urine samples. Highest mean zones of inhibition (14.3+1.0 mm) and activity index (0.97) were obtained at 40.0mgml -1 among the Gram positive bacteria, while the highest mean zones of inhibition (14.5 + 0.5mm) and activity index (1.12) at 40.0mgml -1 were obtained among the Gram negative. The results also showed that Coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp (CS03) was 92 not sensitive to both 20.0mg/ml -1 of crude extracts of P. amarus and alkaloidal fractions. Among the Gram negative, Enterobacter sp (ES03) was not sensitive to 20.0mg/ml -1 of crude extracts of P. amarus, alkaloidal fractions and Streptomycin. Therefore, there is a need to consider the use of this potent ethanolic leaf extracts and the alkaloids for developing synthetic drugs against uro-pathogens.
Scientific Journal of …, Jan 1, 2012
A Biometrical study was conducted on the digestive tract of 35 foetuses of the one-humped camel c... more A Biometrical study was conducted on the digestive tract of 35 foetuses of the one-humped camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of five months at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the foetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. The mean body weight of the foetus at first, second third trimester ranged from 1.40 ± 0.06 kg, 6.10 ± 0.05 kg and 17.87 ± 0.6 kg respectively. The mean weights of the entire digestive system at first, second and third trimester were 0.80 ± 0.07 kg, 2.13 ± 0.04 kg and 4.86 ± 0.08 kg respectively. The mean weights of the digestive tract at first, second and third trimester were 0.53 ± 0.07 kg, 1.03 ± 0.05 and 2.43 ± 0.07 kg respectively. The small intestine at first trimester were found not to have any clear demarcation to show duodenum, jejunum and ileum; the entire small intestine was found to be 76.00 ± 3.00 cm at first trimester and showed clear demarcation at second and third trimesters.. The mean volumes of the entire stomach (rumen, reticular and abomasum) ranged from 136.67 ± 8.30 cm 3 at first trimester to 353.33 ± 6.50 cm 3 at third trimester. It was observed that there was increase in body weight, organ weight and individual segment of the digestive tract of the fetuses with advancement in gestation period. A geometrical increase in length and diameter of the various segments of the digestive tract showed a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) with advancement in gestational period.
Scientific Journal of …, Jan 1, 2012
The experiment was designed to undertake a study on the sanitary quality of commercial fast foods... more The experiment was designed to undertake a study on the sanitary quality of commercial fast foods sold at retail outlets of fast food shops in Dhaka city and Mymensingh town of Bangladesh. One hundred sandwiches were subjected to bacteriological examinations. The mean values of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) in wrapped and unwrapped samples of pre-microwave oven and post-microwave oven fast foods were determined. In pre-microwave oven the TVC, TCC and TSC were log 6.36, log 3.42 and log 4.21 respectively. Similarly in post-microwave oven the TVC, TCC and TSC were log 4.89, log 2.60 and log 3.03 respectively. The role of packaging and heat treatment prior to sale on the bacterial changes of the fast foods were demonstrated. It was observed that the values of TVC of all fast food samples except post-microwave oven treated McDonald's; Pizza and Ruma were higher than the maximum microbial limit. In TCC and TSC all values were higher than the maximum limit. The degree of initial contamination in fast food samples which may pose health hazard to public health has been discussed. It was concluded that the hygienically packaged fast foods and microoven treatment prior to sale would retain the best quality attributes required for consumer's acceptability and safety.
Scientific Journal of …, Jan 1, 2012
Scientific Journal of Pure …, Jan 1, 2012
Experiments were conducted on the efficacy of raw DE and plant powders (Jatropha curcas seed and ... more Experiments were conducted on the efficacy of raw DE and plant powders (Jatropha curcas seed and leaf powders of Eucalyptus and Ricinus) for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus subinnotatus infesting stored bambara groundnut seeds. The treatments consisted of the raw DE, plant powders, actellic dust (2%) as check and an untreated control. Thirty adults 0-3 days old were used to infest 100 g bambara groundnut seeds (cv. Ka'aro). Raw DE was used at 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9g/100g seeds and plants powders at 0.5, 1.0, and 2 .0g/100g seeds each replicated three times in completely randomized design. Adult mortality was recorded from 24 to 96 hours; progeny emergence as well as percentage seed damage and viability were assessed. The result revealed that, raw DE at 0.9g recorded significant (P<0.05) mortality of 78.81% and JSP at 2.0g gave 63.52 % mortality both after 24 h of exposure. Higher mortality was observed for higher dosage of all treatments after 96 h. Progeny production was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in treated seeds. The results therefore suggested that, raw DE and plant powders are promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides against C. subinnotatus in bambara groundnut seeds.
Scientific Journal of Veterinary …, Jan 1, 2012
A parasitological examination was conducted using a Zinc Sulphate floatation technique which empl... more A parasitological examination was conducted using a Zinc Sulphate floatation technique which employed on the faecal samples of one hundred and fifty (150) camels comprising of both male and female. The camels were managed extensively together with other livestocks. A total of 131 (87.3%) samples were found to be positive for the three genera of helminthes, namely; Nematodes (77.8%), Trematodes (5.6%) and Cestodes (5.6%) and 19 (12.8%) of the samples were found to be negative for any parasite. Out of 85 (56.7%) number of male sample collected, 80 (53.3%) were found to be positive and out of the 65 (43.3%) of the female samples collected, 51 (34.0%) was found to be positive. Sixteen (16) different types of parasites were found to be infecting the animals examined. Mixed infection with more than one genus of helminthes was also observed. The parasites encountered in this study have economic and public health significance, thus, there is a need for the enlightment of camel owners for the need to deworm their animals in respect to it's zoonotic potentials in countries with significant population of camels.
Scientific Journal of Microbiology, Jan 1, 2012
An experiment was carried out to study efficacy of different antibacterial antibiotic, plant extr... more An experiment was carried out to study efficacy of different antibacterial antibiotic, plant extracts and bioagents against bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. The results revealed that all the five antibiotics tested in vitro applying poisoned food technique against Pseudomonas syringae significantly inhibited the growth of the test pathogen over untreated control. However, antibiotic, Streptocycline + Copper oxychloride recorded minimum mean colony diameter (10.47mm) and maximum mean inhibition (83.65 mm) of growth of the test pathogen over untreated control (mean col. dia. 90.00 mm and mean inhibition, 0.00) followed by the antibiotic Streptocycline 100 ppm (mean col. dia., 15.64 mm and mean inhibition, 76.69%) and Copper oxycloride (mean col. dia., 21.42 mm and mean inhibition, 62.74%). In field, the highest mean per cent disease incidence 35.51 per cent was observed in poushamycin treatment. The lowest mean per cent disease incidence 12.74 per cent was found in treatment streptocycline 100 ppm + Copper oxychloride (@0.25%) and recorded highest seed yield (2605 kg/ha) and test weight (14.33 g). Plant leaf extract (@ 5 and 10%) of Neem recorded lowest mean colony diameter (34.72 mm) and highest mean mycelial growth inhibition (59.26%) of the test pathogen over untreated control followed by Ginger (mean col. dia, 44.42 mm and mean inhibition, 48.55%).
Scientific Journal of …, Jan 1, 2012
In spite of abundant modern technologies and guide lines available for use in increasing Agricult... more In spite of abundant modern technologies and guide lines available for use in increasing Agricultural productivity, most of the Nigeria small scale farmers who constitute the majority in agricultural sector cannot adopt these new innovations. The result is failure to produce enough food for the nation and poor standard of living of the farmers who could not also contribute anything to the economy and development of the country. This paper looks into the problems militating against the adoption of these modern technologies. It further discusses strategies for their acceptance by the small scale farmers.
Scientific Journal of Genetic, Jan 1, 2012
The polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnosis is more reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for ... more The polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnosis is more reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for greening bacterium than other conventional approaches like Electron microscopy, DNA-DNA hybridization and immunofluorescence (IF) for detection of citrus greening. During experiment, it was observed that sodium sulphite method of DNA isolation provided higher yield and better quality DNA than other methods. Primer C (450 bp) was more efficient in amplifying the DNA of greening bacterium even at a very low concentration of 0.1 pg. To confirm the reliability of PCR, the greening bacterium was also detected in graft-inoculated plants, which showed typical greening bacterium was also detected in graftinoculated plants, which showed typical greening symptoms. Results showed amplification of 450 bp in PCR suggesting sampling in March is more suitable for PCR detection of greening bacterium.
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Papers by Sjournals (Scientific Journals)