This study was carried out in 1989 and 1990 in Kalam valley (Swat). The objective behind the stud... more This study was carried out in 1989 and 1990 in Kalam valley (Swat). The objective behind the study was to determine the best planting dates for potato depending upon seed sources. Two seed sources (hill seed and plain seed) were planted at end of April, end of May, end of ...
Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of ca... more Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite KP was prepared by ion exchange of K+ with Na+ which neutralizes the negative charge of the zeolite P framework structure. The ion exchange capacity of K+ on zeolite NaP was determined through the Freundlich isotherm equilibrium study. Characterization of zeolite KP was determined using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From the characterization, the structure of zeolite KP was found to remain stable after the ion exchange process. Zeolites KP and NaP were used for the removal of Ca and Zn from solution. The amount of Ca2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous solution before and after the adsorption by zeolites was analysed using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The removal of Ca2+ and Zn2+ followed the Freundlich isotherm rather than the Langmuir isotherm model. This result also revealed that zeolite KP adsorbs Ca2+ and Zn2+ more than zeolite NaP and proved that modification of zeolite NaP with potassium leads to an increase in the adsorption efficiency of the zeolite. Therefore, the zeolites NaP and KP can be used for water softening (Ca removal) and reducing water pollution/toxicity (Zn removal).
Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, Jan 10, 2016
In the present study, effects of lead (Pb) uptake and toxicity were investigated in a hydroponic ... more In the present study, effects of lead (Pb) uptake and toxicity were investigated in a hydroponic culture using 7 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) genotypes viz., (B1, KM10, N3, K35, KE1, C176 and KRK6) that differed in Pb tolerance. Pb was applied as a solution of Pb(NO3 )2 at concentrations of 0, 10, 250 and 500 µM. After 4 weeks of Pb treatment tissue biomass, photosynthetic parameters and elemental analysis were performed. Results showed decrease in growth and photosynthetic parameters with increase in lead concentrations in comparison to the control. The least reduction in the recorded physiological parameters was noted in K35 while the greatest reduction was observed in N3 which is an obvious indication of genotypic differences. Activities of POD, CAT and MDA increased significantly with increase in Pb concentration with the genotypes K35 and N3 showing the least and the greatest reduction respectively. The results are evident of the phototoxic nature of Pb on plants and it can be c...
Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of ca... more Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite KP was prepared by ion exchange of K+ with Na+ which neutralizes the negative charge of the zeolite P framework structure. The ion exchange capacity of K+ on zeolite NaP was determined through the Freundlich isotherm equilibrium study. Characterization of zeolite KP was determined using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From the characterization, the structure of zeolite KP was found to remain stable after the ion exchange process. Zeolites KP and NaP were used for the removal of Ca and Zn from solution. The amount of Ca2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous solution before and after the adsorption by zeolites was analysed using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The removal of Ca2+ and Zn2+ followed the Freundlich isotherm rather than the Langmuir isotherm model. This result also revealed that zeolite KP adsorbs Ca2+ and Zn2+ more than zeolite NaP and proved that modification of zeolite NaP with potassium leads to an increase in the adsorption efficiency of the zeolite. Therefore, the zeolites NaP and KP can be used for water softening (Ca removal) and reducing water pollution/toxicity (Zn removal).
This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change an... more This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change and whether the organizational culture mediates this relationship. A sample of 205 responses is drawn from employees having junior or senior level of managerial responsibilities in Karachi. The method of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses is employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was then applied to examine the theoretical framework with the help of seven frequently reported goodness-of-fit indices. The results indicate that leader's change-promoting behavior has a significant positive impact on change readiness and the organizational culture partially mediates the positive relationship between the leader's change-promoting behavior and change readiness. The present study supports the theory of one of the six conceptual formations of change readiness which is referred to as an employee's capacity to change. Therefore, managers should clearly advocate the desired change with the help of their own change-prompting behavior as well as establishing a trusting culture in their organization. Future studies may ascertain the impact of employees readiness for change on their commitment to change in the context of Pakistan which could further lead to passive or active change-related behaviors.
International Journal Social Sciences and Education, 2013
This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motiv... more This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motivation in the context of private schools. A sample of 310 respondents is drawn from the private school teachers of Karachi. The rewards system was measured through five independent variables including salary offered, recognition, promotion, working content, and working conditions. By using exploratory factor and regression analyses, the results show that except salary offer, rests of the four variables have been found statistically significant to predict teacher's motivation. However, the recognition of efforts followed by working conditions have revealed the greatest impact on teacher's motivation. Thus, the management of the private schools should not only recognize the efforts of their teaching staff but also concentrate on revising and enriching their working conditions to increase their level of motivation. A major contribution of this paper from the theoretical point-of-view is that it is possible to observe a negative effect of 'salary offer' towards teacher's motivation particularly in the context of a developing country such as Pakistan. Another valuable finding is that 'salary offer', an important antecedent of employees motivation, although not significantly related to teacher's motivation in this study, is a provider of a very strong motivating factor for predicting teacher's motivation at both primary and secondary level of education. Areas for future research are also discussed.
This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change an... more This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change and whether the organizational culture mediates this relationship. A sample of 205 responses is drawn from employees having junior or senior level of managerial responsibilities in Karachi. The method of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses is employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was then applied to examine the theoretical framework with the help of seven frequently reported goodness-of-fit indices. The results indicate that leader's change-promoting behavior has a significant positive impact on change readiness and the organizational culture partially mediates the positive relationship between the leader's change-promoting behavior and change readiness. The present study supports the theory of one of the six conceptual formations of change readiness which is referred to as an employee's capacity to change. Therefore, managers should clearly advocate the desired change with the help of their own change-prompting behavior as well as establishing a trusting culture in their organization. Future studies may ascertain the impact of employees readiness for change on their commitment to change in the context of Pakistan which could further lead to passive or active change-related behaviors.
Vfast Transactions on Islamic Research, Nov 27, 2013
Islam is a universal religion. Its teachings will be preserved in the Holy Quran until the Day of... more Islam is a universal religion. Its teachings will be preserved in the Holy Quran until the Day of Judgment. Countless scholars have served this religion in different ways and have made it easier for the coming after them. But sometimes these scholars commit a mistake in defining these teachings. This article points out one of those mistakes and discusses its causes. 6
The study investigates ultrasound imaging, speckle, 3D ultrasound imaging and 3D reconstruction w... more The study investigates ultrasound imaging, speckle, 3D ultrasound imaging and 3D reconstruction without the need of position sensor, based on the theory of speckle decorrelation. It examines the limitations of conventional speckle decorrelation theory by employing a speckle detector based on an ellipsoid discriminant function. It evaluates a heuristic technique based on axial and lateral correlation functions to overcome a limitation due to coherent scattering as real tissues are dominated by coherent scattering while speckle decorrelation theory only holds for fully developed speckle. In addition to the heuristic technique, the use of a speckle detector to quantify the amount of coherent scattering for compensating the inaccuracies of elevational distances between US frames in real tissues is also investigated. Moreover, 3D reconstruction of ultrasound data is also obtained.
ABSTRACT Abstract. Some novel derivatives of 2-(9H-Purin-6-ylsulfanyl)acetohydrazide were synthes... more ABSTRACT Abstract. Some novel derivatives of 2-(9H-Purin-6-ylsulfanyl)acetohydrazide were synthesized by reacting it with respective aldehydes in ethanol. The antithyroid effect of these compounds was ascertained in vitro by studying their complexation with iodine spectrophotometrically. In vivo, the hormonal as well as histological variations in male Wistar rats demonstrated significant antithyroid potential (p ≤ 0.05) of these compounds.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2015
ABSTRACT Light plays a pertinent role in plant photo-morphogenesis and it is believed to have an ... more ABSTRACT Light plays a pertinent role in plant photo-morphogenesis and it is believed to have an impact on the melatonin-induced physiological functions. In the current study, different light regimes were employed with varying levels of melatonin, either singly or in combination with auxins for the growth and development of adventitious roots in Withania somnifera L. It was observed that 600 µM melatonin favored maximum adventitious root induction frequency (58 %) in cultures incubated under continuous dark conditions. However, adequate root growth (number and length of roots) was observed under 16 h light/8 h dark at 600 µM melatonin. Nevertheless, the interactive effect of light and melatonin was found stimulating for profound production of commercially important secondary metabolites. Correlation among growth parameters and biochemical markers was also observed in the current report. Data on total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found at higher coincidence with each other and with DPPH antioxidant activity. In conclusion, exogenously applied melatonin mimics IAA activity in root growth and regulates well in 16-h light/8-h dark, thereby giving protection to plant system against light stress.
International Journal Social Sciences and Education
Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and d... more Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and development of pupils in their early academic years. This study investigates the impact of �five determinants of the teacher's job satisfaction in the context of primary and secondary schools, when controlling for their age, gender, experience, marital status and education. These fi�ve determinants include occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships, working conditions and self-e�fficacy. A sample, of 280 respondents, is drawn from school teachers of Karachi. Principal component and hierarchical multiple regression analyses are used to test the proposed hypotheses. With exception of self-effi�cacy, the results show that occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships and working conditions have been found statistically signifi�cant predictor of teacher's job satisfaction in Karachi. Therefore, the school administration and management should mainly c...
This study was carried out in 1989 and 1990 in Kalam valley (Swat). The objective behind the stud... more This study was carried out in 1989 and 1990 in Kalam valley (Swat). The objective behind the study was to determine the best planting dates for potato depending upon seed sources. Two seed sources (hill seed and plain seed) were planted at end of April, end of May, end of ...
Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of ca... more Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite KP was prepared by ion exchange of K+ with Na+ which neutralizes the negative charge of the zeolite P framework structure. The ion exchange capacity of K+ on zeolite NaP was determined through the Freundlich isotherm equilibrium study. Characterization of zeolite KP was determined using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From the characterization, the structure of zeolite KP was found to remain stable after the ion exchange process. Zeolites KP and NaP were used for the removal of Ca and Zn from solution. The amount of Ca2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous solution before and after the adsorption by zeolites was analysed using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The removal of Ca2+ and Zn2+ followed the Freundlich isotherm rather than the Langmuir isotherm model. This result also revealed that zeolite KP adsorbs Ca2+ and Zn2+ more than zeolite NaP and proved that modification of zeolite NaP with potassium leads to an increase in the adsorption efficiency of the zeolite. Therefore, the zeolites NaP and KP can be used for water softening (Ca removal) and reducing water pollution/toxicity (Zn removal).
Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, Jan 10, 2016
In the present study, effects of lead (Pb) uptake and toxicity were investigated in a hydroponic ... more In the present study, effects of lead (Pb) uptake and toxicity were investigated in a hydroponic culture using 7 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) genotypes viz., (B1, KM10, N3, K35, KE1, C176 and KRK6) that differed in Pb tolerance. Pb was applied as a solution of Pb(NO3 )2 at concentrations of 0, 10, 250 and 500 µM. After 4 weeks of Pb treatment tissue biomass, photosynthetic parameters and elemental analysis were performed. Results showed decrease in growth and photosynthetic parameters with increase in lead concentrations in comparison to the control. The least reduction in the recorded physiological parameters was noted in K35 while the greatest reduction was observed in N3 which is an obvious indication of genotypic differences. Activities of POD, CAT and MDA increased significantly with increase in Pb concentration with the genotypes K35 and N3 showing the least and the greatest reduction respectively. The results are evident of the phototoxic nature of Pb on plants and it can be c...
Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of ca... more Zeolites P in sodium (NaP) and potassium (KP) forms were used as adsorbents for the removal of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite KP was prepared by ion exchange of K+ with Na+ which neutralizes the negative charge of the zeolite P framework structure. The ion exchange capacity of K+ on zeolite NaP was determined through the Freundlich isotherm equilibrium study. Characterization of zeolite KP was determined using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From the characterization, the structure of zeolite KP was found to remain stable after the ion exchange process. Zeolites KP and NaP were used for the removal of Ca and Zn from solution. The amount of Ca2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous solution before and after the adsorption by zeolites was analysed using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The removal of Ca2+ and Zn2+ followed the Freundlich isotherm rather than the Langmuir isotherm model. This result also revealed that zeolite KP adsorbs Ca2+ and Zn2+ more than zeolite NaP and proved that modification of zeolite NaP with potassium leads to an increase in the adsorption efficiency of the zeolite. Therefore, the zeolites NaP and KP can be used for water softening (Ca removal) and reducing water pollution/toxicity (Zn removal).
This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change an... more This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change and whether the organizational culture mediates this relationship. A sample of 205 responses is drawn from employees having junior or senior level of managerial responsibilities in Karachi. The method of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses is employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was then applied to examine the theoretical framework with the help of seven frequently reported goodness-of-fit indices. The results indicate that leader's change-promoting behavior has a significant positive impact on change readiness and the organizational culture partially mediates the positive relationship between the leader's change-promoting behavior and change readiness. The present study supports the theory of one of the six conceptual formations of change readiness which is referred to as an employee's capacity to change. Therefore, managers should clearly advocate the desired change with the help of their own change-prompting behavior as well as establishing a trusting culture in their organization. Future studies may ascertain the impact of employees readiness for change on their commitment to change in the context of Pakistan which could further lead to passive or active change-related behaviors.
International Journal Social Sciences and Education, 2013
This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motiv... more This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motivation in the context of private schools. A sample of 310 respondents is drawn from the private school teachers of Karachi. The rewards system was measured through five independent variables including salary offered, recognition, promotion, working content, and working conditions. By using exploratory factor and regression analyses, the results show that except salary offer, rests of the four variables have been found statistically significant to predict teacher's motivation. However, the recognition of efforts followed by working conditions have revealed the greatest impact on teacher's motivation. Thus, the management of the private schools should not only recognize the efforts of their teaching staff but also concentrate on revising and enriching their working conditions to increase their level of motivation. A major contribution of this paper from the theoretical point-of-view is that it is possible to observe a negative effect of 'salary offer' towards teacher's motivation particularly in the context of a developing country such as Pakistan. Another valuable finding is that 'salary offer', an important antecedent of employees motivation, although not significantly related to teacher's motivation in this study, is a provider of a very strong motivating factor for predicting teacher's motivation at both primary and secondary level of education. Areas for future research are also discussed.
This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change an... more This study investigates the impact of the leader's behavior on employee's readiness for change and whether the organizational culture mediates this relationship. A sample of 205 responses is drawn from employees having junior or senior level of managerial responsibilities in Karachi. The method of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses is employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was then applied to examine the theoretical framework with the help of seven frequently reported goodness-of-fit indices. The results indicate that leader's change-promoting behavior has a significant positive impact on change readiness and the organizational culture partially mediates the positive relationship between the leader's change-promoting behavior and change readiness. The present study supports the theory of one of the six conceptual formations of change readiness which is referred to as an employee's capacity to change. Therefore, managers should clearly advocate the desired change with the help of their own change-prompting behavior as well as establishing a trusting culture in their organization. Future studies may ascertain the impact of employees readiness for change on their commitment to change in the context of Pakistan which could further lead to passive or active change-related behaviors.
Vfast Transactions on Islamic Research, Nov 27, 2013
Islam is a universal religion. Its teachings will be preserved in the Holy Quran until the Day of... more Islam is a universal religion. Its teachings will be preserved in the Holy Quran until the Day of Judgment. Countless scholars have served this religion in different ways and have made it easier for the coming after them. But sometimes these scholars commit a mistake in defining these teachings. This article points out one of those mistakes and discusses its causes. 6
The study investigates ultrasound imaging, speckle, 3D ultrasound imaging and 3D reconstruction w... more The study investigates ultrasound imaging, speckle, 3D ultrasound imaging and 3D reconstruction without the need of position sensor, based on the theory of speckle decorrelation. It examines the limitations of conventional speckle decorrelation theory by employing a speckle detector based on an ellipsoid discriminant function. It evaluates a heuristic technique based on axial and lateral correlation functions to overcome a limitation due to coherent scattering as real tissues are dominated by coherent scattering while speckle decorrelation theory only holds for fully developed speckle. In addition to the heuristic technique, the use of a speckle detector to quantify the amount of coherent scattering for compensating the inaccuracies of elevational distances between US frames in real tissues is also investigated. Moreover, 3D reconstruction of ultrasound data is also obtained.
ABSTRACT Abstract. Some novel derivatives of 2-(9H-Purin-6-ylsulfanyl)acetohydrazide were synthes... more ABSTRACT Abstract. Some novel derivatives of 2-(9H-Purin-6-ylsulfanyl)acetohydrazide were synthesized by reacting it with respective aldehydes in ethanol. The antithyroid effect of these compounds was ascertained in vitro by studying their complexation with iodine spectrophotometrically. In vivo, the hormonal as well as histological variations in male Wistar rats demonstrated significant antithyroid potential (p ≤ 0.05) of these compounds.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2015
ABSTRACT Light plays a pertinent role in plant photo-morphogenesis and it is believed to have an ... more ABSTRACT Light plays a pertinent role in plant photo-morphogenesis and it is believed to have an impact on the melatonin-induced physiological functions. In the current study, different light regimes were employed with varying levels of melatonin, either singly or in combination with auxins for the growth and development of adventitious roots in Withania somnifera L. It was observed that 600 µM melatonin favored maximum adventitious root induction frequency (58 %) in cultures incubated under continuous dark conditions. However, adequate root growth (number and length of roots) was observed under 16 h light/8 h dark at 600 µM melatonin. Nevertheless, the interactive effect of light and melatonin was found stimulating for profound production of commercially important secondary metabolites. Correlation among growth parameters and biochemical markers was also observed in the current report. Data on total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found at higher coincidence with each other and with DPPH antioxidant activity. In conclusion, exogenously applied melatonin mimics IAA activity in root growth and regulates well in 16-h light/8-h dark, thereby giving protection to plant system against light stress.
International Journal Social Sciences and Education
Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and d... more Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and development of pupils in their early academic years. This study investigates the impact of �five determinants of the teacher's job satisfaction in the context of primary and secondary schools, when controlling for their age, gender, experience, marital status and education. These fi�ve determinants include occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships, working conditions and self-e�fficacy. A sample, of 280 respondents, is drawn from school teachers of Karachi. Principal component and hierarchical multiple regression analyses are used to test the proposed hypotheses. With exception of self-effi�cacy, the results show that occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships and working conditions have been found statistically signifi�cant predictor of teacher's job satisfaction in Karachi. Therefore, the school administration and management should mainly c...
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