Ficus

Tangkal ara; Temporal range: Maastrichtian–Present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Ficus sycomorus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Plantae
Klad:	Angiospermae
Klad:	Eudicotidae
Klad:	Rosids
Ordo:	Rosales
Kulawarga:	Moraceae
Tribus:	Ficeae; Dumort.
Génus:	Ficus; L.
Spésiés
	800-an

Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/^[1] atawa /ˈfiːkəs/^[2]^[3]) nyaéta hiji marga tutuwuhan anu ngawengku 850-an spésiés tangkal kai, rungkun, rambat, épipit, jeung hémiépipit dina suku Moraceae. Ieu marga pituin wewengkon tropis, ngan sababaraha spésiés anu bisa nepi ka wewengkon ugahari/sedeng. Conto spésiésna anu kawentar di antarana tin (F. careca) anu pituin Asia Kulon-ngidul jeung Méditerania (ti Apganistan nepi ka Portugal), dipelak ti mangsa bihari pikeun diala buahna.

Sababaraha spésiés Ficus anu dipikawanoh di Pasundan di antarana^[4]:

Amis mata - F. montana
Areuy warejit - F. punctata
Beunying - F. fistulosa
Caliling - F. magnoliaefolia
Caringin - F. benjamina
Darangdang - F. melinocarpa
Hampelas - F. ampelas
Hamberang - F. padana
Kiara - F. calophilla

Kiara wunuk/kiara gambir - F. drupacea
Ki gember - Ficus sp.
Ki walén - F. ribes
Kondang - F. variegata
Ki ciat - F. septica
Loa - F. racemosa
Pangsar - F. callosa
Seuhang - F. grossularioides

Rujukan

↑ "ficus". Merriam-Webster – via merriam-webster.com.
↑ Sunset Western Garden Book. Sunset Books. 1995. pp. 606–607. ISBN 978-0-37603-851-7.
↑ "Definition of 'ficus'". Collins English Dictionary – via collinsdictionary.com.
↑ H. Priyadi, G. Takao, I. Rahmawati, B. Supriyanto, W.I. Nursal, I. Rahman (2010). Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. Bogor: CIFOR. ISBN 978-602-8693-22-6.

Rujukan umum

Berg, C.C. (28 November 2003). "Flora Malesiana Precursor for the Treatment of Moraceae 4: Ficus subgenus Synoecia". Blumea 48 (3): 551–571. doi:10.3767/000651903X489546. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565443.
Berg, C.C.; Hijmann, M.E.E. (1989). "Chapter 11: Ficus". Di R.M. Polhill. Flora of Tropical East Africa. pp. 43–86.
Berg, C.C.; Corner, E.J.H. (2005). Flora malesiana. Series I, Seed plants. Volume 17. Part 2, Moraceae (Ficus). Leiden: National herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch. ISBN 978-9-07123-661-7. OCLC 492578589.
Carauta, Pedro; Diaz, Ernani (2002). Figueiras no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora UFRJ. ISBN 978-85-7108-250-2.
Condit, Ira J (1969). Ficus: the exotic species. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences. OCLC 1086743649.
Denisowski, Paul (2007). "Fig". Chinese–English Dictionary. Diakses tanggal November 1, 2008.
Harrison, Rhett D (2005). "Figs and the diversity of tropical rain forests". BioScience 55 (12): 1053–1064. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[1053:FATDOT]2.0.CO;2. http://eebweb.arizona.edu/courses/Ecol206/Connell1978_IntermedDisturb.pdf. Archived 2021-02-24 di Wayback Machine
Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat; Bar-Yosef, Ofer (2006). "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley". Science 312 (5778): 1372–1374. Bibcode 2006Sci...312.1372K. doi:10.1126/science.1125910. PMID 16741119. Supporting Online Material
Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat; Bar-Yosef, Ofer (2006). "Response to Comment on "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley"". Science 314 (5806): 1683b. Bibcode 2006Sci...314.1683K. doi:10.1126/science.1133748. PMID 17170278.
Lev-Yadun, Simcha; Ne'eman, Gidi; Abbo, Shahal; Flaishman, Moshe A (2006). "Comment on "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley"". Science 314 (5806): 1683a. Bibcode 2006Sci...314.1683L. doi:10.1126/science.1132636. PMID 17170278.
Lewington, Anna; Parker, Edward (1999). Ancient trees: Trees that live for 1000 years. London: Collins & Brown. ISBN 978-18-5585-704-9.
Rønsted, Nina; Weiblen, George D.; Cook, James M.; Salamin, Nicholas; Machado, Carlos A.; Savoainen, Vincent (2005). "60 million years of co-divergence in the fig-wasp symbiosis". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272 (1581): 2593–2599. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3249. PMC 1559977. PMID 16321781. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1559977.
Rønsted, N; Weiblen, G.D.; Clement, W.L.; Zerega, N.J.C.; Savolainen, V. (2008). "Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) to reveal the history of the fig pollination mutualism". Symbiosis 45. ISSN 0334-5114. http://geo.cbs.umn.edu/RonstedEtAl2008a.pdf. Archived 2022-01-26 di Wayback Machine
Shanahan, M.; Compton, S. G.; So, Samson; Corlett, Richard (2001). "Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review". Biological Reviews 76 (4): 529–572. doi:10.1017/S1464793101005760. PMID 11762492. Electronic appendices
van Noort, Simon; van Harten, Antonius (2006). "The species richness of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae, Pteromalidae) in Yemen". Fauna of Arabia 22: 449–472. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230600455. Diakses pada 2013-01-01.

Tutumbu kaluar

Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Ficus .

Figweb Archived 2005-04-28 di Wayback Machine—Major reference site for the genus Ficus
World checklist of Ficus species from the Catalogue of Life, 845 species supplied by M. Hassler's World Plants.
Video: Interaction of figs and fig wasps—Multi-award-winning documentary
Fruits of Warm Climates: Fig
BBC: Fig fossil clue to early farming

Pidéo

How the fig tree strangles other plants for survival in the rainforest

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[1] "ficus". Merriam-Webster – via merriam-webster.com.

[2] Sunset Western Garden Book. Sunset Books. 1995. pp. 606–607. ISBN 978-0-37603-851-7.

[3] "Definition of 'ficus'". Collins English Dictionary – via collinsdictionary.com.

[4] H. Priyadi, G. Takao, I. Rahmawati, B. Supriyanto, W.I. Nursal, I. Rahman (2010). Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. Bogor: CIFOR. ISBN 978-602-8693-22-6.

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