: This paper summarises the results of a recent study carried out by the Science Policy Research ... more : This paper summarises the results of a recent study carried out by the Science Policy Research Unit for the Norwegian Royal Commission on Industrial Research (the ‘Industriforskningsutvalget’). We assess in broad terms the effectiveness of existing Norwegian mechanisms for supporting Industrial research in institutes and firms, focussing in particular on the mechanical engineering and electronics sectors. A range of evaluation techniques are utilised in examining (a) research institute performance, (b) the research institute/industry interface, and (c) the general mode of operation of the funding system. It is suggested that the methodology adopted in the study may be of more general value in evaluating national systems for funding R & D.
Motion: Let it be resolved that this conference believes that the academic system is effective at... more Motion: Let it be resolved that this conference believes that the academic system is effective at self-policing, so that fraud and other research misconduct is kept to a minimum and research integrity is maintained
This is the fourth and final report of the Enhancing Value Task Force. At the beginning of the Ta... more This is the fourth and final report of the Enhancing Value Task Force. At the beginning of the Task Force, we set out to review and research ways of enhancing the value of universities and the public research base, and to make key recommendations to support value creation. In this report, we draw on our three research reports and extensive consultations with business and academic leaders in particular our Steering and Working Groups. We would like to thank everyone involved in what has been a wide ranging and deep engagement with this most vital of challenges for the UK economy. " Universities are… first and foremost designed to achieve a new understanding of natural phenomena and technologies: in this task they are naturally inventive. Conversely, in modern free market economies, it is firms that have the incentives and governance structures to make innovation their central goal, and are expected to be the almost exclusive sources of innovation. " Foray and Lissoni, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation i " …the issue is not about isolating the impact of publicly-funded research… It is instead about analysing how best to understand and manage connections…between differently funded and motivated research efforts in a system of knowledge production and innovation " Hughes and Martin, The Impact of Public Sector R&D ii " It is the job of universities to 'top up the hopper' of ideas. " iii " Why struggle alone when you can work together? And why not capitalise on the proximity of academia, industry and biotech? " GSK Case study 1 1 See p.34 for GSK case study: Biomedical Cluster
As the competitive pressures on academic researchers escalate, so the temptation grows to ‘cut co... more As the competitive pressures on academic researchers escalate, so the temptation grows to ‘cut corners’ in order to boost one’s published output and career prospects. This chapter explains ‘the rules of the game’ with regard to ethics and integrity in research and publishing, and how these are conventionally interpreted by editors and other ‘gate-keepers’, offering specific advice to authors as to how to minimise the risk of having their research integrity called into question. It sets out the nature and extent of research misconduct, and the lesser misdemeanours of inappropriate or dubious behaviour, and provides examples of the commonest forms encountered by editors. It also reveals how journal editors, faced with mounting competitive pressures to enhance the standing of their journals, are not immune to the temptation to engage in various ruses in order to artificially inflate their journal impact factor (JIF). The chapter concludes by offering some simple guidelines for ensuring that the ethics and integrity of one’s research and publications are never called into question.
ABSTRACT - Abstract - The scope of this study is based on recent research and knowledge-transfer ... more ABSTRACT - Abstract - The scope of this study is based on recent research and knowledge-transfer activities of Korean academics in science and engineering. The central research question guiding this study is: what factors influence the relationships between academic research and knowledge transfer activities of academics? Considering this question, literature review of both existing theoretical issues and empirical studies is presented. Based on this review, a conceptual framework is suggested based on 'synergy' and 'separation' modes. Various hypotheses that emerged from the interviews as well as from previous studies are tested by statistical models. Finally, considering the characteristics of scientific communities in rapidly catching-up counties such as Korea, a discussion of the results is provided. According to the preliminary results, the synergy mode is significantly related to gender, discipline, age of the university, and certain types of university, size of the laboratory and patent output, whereas it is not apparently related to the country in which the researcher trained, the stage of career, or to publication output.
: This paper summarises the results of a recent study carried out by the Science Policy Research ... more : This paper summarises the results of a recent study carried out by the Science Policy Research Unit for the Norwegian Royal Commission on Industrial Research (the ‘Industriforskningsutvalget’). We assess in broad terms the effectiveness of existing Norwegian mechanisms for supporting Industrial research in institutes and firms, focussing in particular on the mechanical engineering and electronics sectors. A range of evaluation techniques are utilised in examining (a) research institute performance, (b) the research institute/industry interface, and (c) the general mode of operation of the funding system. It is suggested that the methodology adopted in the study may be of more general value in evaluating national systems for funding R & D.
Motion: Let it be resolved that this conference believes that the academic system is effective at... more Motion: Let it be resolved that this conference believes that the academic system is effective at self-policing, so that fraud and other research misconduct is kept to a minimum and research integrity is maintained
This is the fourth and final report of the Enhancing Value Task Force. At the beginning of the Ta... more This is the fourth and final report of the Enhancing Value Task Force. At the beginning of the Task Force, we set out to review and research ways of enhancing the value of universities and the public research base, and to make key recommendations to support value creation. In this report, we draw on our three research reports and extensive consultations with business and academic leaders in particular our Steering and Working Groups. We would like to thank everyone involved in what has been a wide ranging and deep engagement with this most vital of challenges for the UK economy. " Universities are… first and foremost designed to achieve a new understanding of natural phenomena and technologies: in this task they are naturally inventive. Conversely, in modern free market economies, it is firms that have the incentives and governance structures to make innovation their central goal, and are expected to be the almost exclusive sources of innovation. " Foray and Lissoni, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation i " …the issue is not about isolating the impact of publicly-funded research… It is instead about analysing how best to understand and manage connections…between differently funded and motivated research efforts in a system of knowledge production and innovation " Hughes and Martin, The Impact of Public Sector R&D ii " It is the job of universities to 'top up the hopper' of ideas. " iii " Why struggle alone when you can work together? And why not capitalise on the proximity of academia, industry and biotech? " GSK Case study 1 1 See p.34 for GSK case study: Biomedical Cluster
As the competitive pressures on academic researchers escalate, so the temptation grows to ‘cut co... more As the competitive pressures on academic researchers escalate, so the temptation grows to ‘cut corners’ in order to boost one’s published output and career prospects. This chapter explains ‘the rules of the game’ with regard to ethics and integrity in research and publishing, and how these are conventionally interpreted by editors and other ‘gate-keepers’, offering specific advice to authors as to how to minimise the risk of having their research integrity called into question. It sets out the nature and extent of research misconduct, and the lesser misdemeanours of inappropriate or dubious behaviour, and provides examples of the commonest forms encountered by editors. It also reveals how journal editors, faced with mounting competitive pressures to enhance the standing of their journals, are not immune to the temptation to engage in various ruses in order to artificially inflate their journal impact factor (JIF). The chapter concludes by offering some simple guidelines for ensuring that the ethics and integrity of one’s research and publications are never called into question.
ABSTRACT - Abstract - The scope of this study is based on recent research and knowledge-transfer ... more ABSTRACT - Abstract - The scope of this study is based on recent research and knowledge-transfer activities of Korean academics in science and engineering. The central research question guiding this study is: what factors influence the relationships between academic research and knowledge transfer activities of academics? Considering this question, literature review of both existing theoretical issues and empirical studies is presented. Based on this review, a conceptual framework is suggested based on 'synergy' and 'separation' modes. Various hypotheses that emerged from the interviews as well as from previous studies are tested by statistical models. Finally, considering the characteristics of scientific communities in rapidly catching-up counties such as Korea, a discussion of the results is provided. According to the preliminary results, the synergy mode is significantly related to gender, discipline, age of the university, and certain types of university, size of the laboratory and patent output, whereas it is not apparently related to the country in which the researcher trained, the stage of career, or to publication output.
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Papers by Ben Martin