The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry of hard and sedimentary aquifers system in Gadilam riv... more The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry of hard and sedimentary aquifers system in Gadilam river basin has resulted in a large number of geochemical dataset. Groundwater samples were collected at 41 sites over spread of 1380 km 2 study area and analyzed for major ions. The large number of data can lead to difficulties in the integration, interpretation and representation of the results. Application of statistical analysis of the data helps us to unravel the hidden relationship between ions. Correlation analyses and factor analyses were applied to classify the groundwater samples, and to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater geochemistry. The correlation analysis helps in the determination of the spinal and the seasonal species (ions). Calcium (Ca 2+), Magnesium (Mg 2+), Sodium (Na +), Chloride (Cl-), Bicarbonate (HCO 3-) and Sulphate (SO 4 2-) were determined as spinal species and Potassium (K +), Phosphate (PO 4-) and Silica (H 4 SiO 4) as the seasonal species. Factor analysis shows that dissolution and leaching of secondary salts, weathering and anthropogenic impacts are the dominant controlling factors in the study area. Though several factors were extracted for different seasons to identify the dominant hydrogeochemical regime of the study area, first three dominant factors were spatially distributed by their factor scores. This spatial representation of the factor scores show that part of the region is hydrogeochemically active.
The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterized by the presence of numerous marine heads that d... more The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterized by the presence of numerous marine heads that differ in terms of shape, size, geological setting, structures, and composition. This difference directly affects geomorphological evolution. In the present study, Ras Al-Shabaan was chosen as a most important area in this coast. Field investigations supported with photo-interpretation techniques were performed for studying of geomorphological features of Ras Al-Shabaan. On the other hand, the remotely sensed imagery data has been used extensively in the identification of geological and geomorphological details of Ras Al-Shabaan. The geomorphological studies showed that depositional processes of wadis and channels are predominant at the Ras Al-Shabaan coast. The changes in geomorphological and geological data of Ras Al-Shabaan were identified by remote sensing image software. Two Landsat ETM+ images from 1990 and 2010 have been processed. The analysis of remote sensing data combined with field investigations and reference data were used to monitor, delineate, and describe the geomorphological changes of Ras Al-Shabaan coast during proceedings of supervised classification of ground units. Hence, the change detection statistics have been used in ground units. Geological and geomorphological maps were digitized by using ArcGIS software. Remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS) were employed in order to monitor the results of changes occurred in the line of the coast. The satellite image processing and water index data were transferred to the ArcGIS program to draw the coast lines and to stand on the changes occurred. Thereby, it was possible to identify the most prominent landforms and geomorphic units of this area. Results showed that platforms, barriers, rocky heads, islands, coral reefs, submerged reefs, tidal channels, dissolution grooves, sabkhas, inlet system, waves work, and shoreline processes were included in coastal prominent landforms. The circumstances that formed this coast are not permanent, as it is changing rapidly and continuously due to erosion and uplift processes.
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics, 2014
Karstification in Al-Kura District, northwestern of Jordan, is distribution in the Tertiary rocks... more Karstification in Al-Kura District, northwestern of Jordan, is distribution in the Tertiary rocks at chalky and marley-limestone unit and it forms a local shallow unconfined aquifer. This research is constructed to describe and study the hydrogeochemical of karst features and their effects on the hydrochemistry of the Al-Dhaher Cave. Studied samples were collected from the water of wells and springs in the study area. All types of water have a composition in milligram units for cations (Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >(Na + +K +)), and anions (HCO 3->Cl->NO 3->SO 4 2-). Calcium and bicarbonate accounts approximately 80% of the total ions. The concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are strongly correlated with HCO 3-. The rCa 2+ /rMg 2+ ratio for Al-Dhaher Spring is about 1.54, which suggests that water moves in chalky and marly limestone. Our data revealed that the main ions Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 have very strong correlation to spring discharge. The water is undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, and the correlation of SI c and SI d to discharge is very strong (r=0.97 and 0.96). Depending on comparing the coefficients variations, the type of Al-Dhaher Spring could be classified as conduit spring. The results of water analyses studies show that the aquifer system is prone to karstification and they show the impact of karstification on the chemical composition of spring waters.
Abstract The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T ... more Abstract The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T boundary of clayey shale at the Yarmouk River area, Jordan, were examined. There were no marked changes in the mineralogy of the clayey shale within the K/T boundary. This outcrop consists of more than 100 m of Maastrichtian oil shale overlying about 20 m limestone. Marly limestone included many clay laminations from organic and volcanic origins, which are considered an evidence of the K/T boundary through detected iridium anomalies. Any of these particular lamellae range from 2 mm to 5 mm in thickness. Smectite was the predominant clay mineral in smectitic shale laminations. It was located at eight meters above the K/T boundary and includes some anomalous concentrations of iridium and traces of other elements. The analysis of geochemical platinum group at the K/T boundary clays showed anomalous enrichments of iridium, compared with other carbonate rocks as a result of weathering processes of oil shale, or through concentration from weathering of basalt flows, but not pointing to an impact process. The clays in late Maastrichtian have Ir–Sc prevailed anomalies and synchronize with increasing of terrigenous and volcanogenic traced elements. Kaolin, smectite, and volkonskoite were the dominant clay minerals at the K/T boundary with high concentrations of iridium. The concentration levels of iridium in some laminations of the Yarmouk sediments ranged between 1.6 and 7.8 ppb.
The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace eleme... more The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace elements and their metals, and determining the most important geochemical and environmental factors contributing to the formation of urinary stones. The researcher distributed 460 questionnaires to patients in different hospitals in Jordan, 282 of which were retrieved yielding a percentage of 61.3%. Seven groups were identified by using XRD namely calcium oxalate, oxalate/apatite, struvite/apatite, oxalate/uric acid, cholesterol, uric acid, and cystine. Urinary stones have been distributed as follows; gallbladder 65.3%, kidney 25.2%, ureter 8.1%, and bladder 1.4%. Males are found more likely to be infected with lithiasis about 51.1 % with an average age of 50 years at (44.3%). Married people of both sexes make up to 87.2 % of people infected. People with lower income (<100 JDs) are more likely to be infected with the disease by 46.9%; stones formation correlates inversely with socio-econom...
The purpose of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the prevalence of urinary s... more The purpose of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the prevalence of urinary stones disease among the inhabitants of selected regions in northern Jordan and to trace the extent of their link with the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in the area in addition to geoenvironmental factors and some certain dietary habits. By comparing the disease spread in the studied areas, results showed that the elevated areas (Irbid and Amman) are the most affected regions with the disease. One hundred and thirty water samples collected from 15 wells were distributed across the three studied regions to identify urinary stone patients among individuals. All samples were analyzed for percentages of cations and anions to assess water quality. Anions are distributed in the following order: HCO3− >Cl− >SO42− >NO3− >F− >PO43−, while the cations are distributed as follows: Ca2+ >Mg2+ >Na+ >K+ >Fe2+. The hydrogeochemical analysis results for the three re...
Industrial evaluation of natural precipitated calcium carbonate sedimentsfrom South Jordan as a f... more Industrial evaluation of natural precipitated calcium carbonate sedimentsfrom South Jordan as a filler، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Urinary stones have become increasingly common in most parts of the world. Countries in the Middl... more Urinary stones have become increasingly common in most parts of the world. Countries in the Middle East (especially Jordan) are categorized in the Afro-Asian stone belt and fall within the tropical and subtropical regions that have consistently reported a high incidence of urolithiasis with a high incidence among children. A specific problem of the Middle East region is the neglected asymptomatic large and staghorn. Human life is not possible without renal function, but urinary stones can quickly lead to failure of the kidneys, which is life threatening. Urinary stones are hard masses developed from organic materials and inorganic crystals (mainly of calcium, phosphate, magnesium salts, oxalate, and/or uric acid) that separate from the urine and build up on the ureter and/or on the inner surface of the kidney. Urinary stones are formed when there is a high concentration level of certain substances, especially calcium, oxalate, cystine, uric acid in the urine, lack of citrate in the ...
تم من خلال هذه الدراسة لقاع (أبو قرضي) في شمال شرق الأردن التعرف على نوع الرسوبيات في تلك المنطقة... more تم من خلال هذه الدراسة لقاع (أبو قرضي) في شمال شرق الأردن التعرف على نوع الرسوبيات في تلك المنطقة، وحجومها، وطريقة توزيعها: أفقيا وعموديا، بالاعتماد على الظروف البيئية، ونوع الصخور المحيطة بالمنطقة، وذلك من خلال أخذ عدد من العينات السطحية، وتحت السطحية ودراسة التكوين المعدني والكيميائي لها، وعلاقته بالتوزيع الكمي والنوعي للحجوم المختلفة لتلك الرسوبيات: أفقيا وعموديا، ومدى ارتباط ذلك بعوامل التجوية والظروف البيئية خلال الزمن الجيولوجي، وكذلك بنوعية الصخور والمواد الرسوبية المحيطة بمنطقة قاع (أبو قرضي). كما تم تحديد كل ذلك مع العلاقات الجيومورفولوجية للقاع وما يحيط به. وبينت الدراسة أن نسبة الغرين تقع تقريبا بين 40-90، وتزداد بالانتقال العمودي في رسوبيات القاع مع العمق، وأن الرسوبيات لوم غضاري طيني الى لوم غضاري. ووجد أن معادن الكالسايت، والكوارتز، والبلاجيوكليز، وبعض المعادن الطينية: (الكاؤلينايت، والمسكوفايت، والإليت، والمونتموريلينايت) والدولومايت، والجبص هي المعادن الأساسية المكونة لتلك الرسوبيات. يعتقد أن معادن الكالسايت والدولومايت تكونت بنفس الحوض الترسيبي، والقليل منها يعد منق...
Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms th... more Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms the main drainage system of the Hammad Basin in the NE Badia region of Jordan. Its general drainage is towards the north and ultimately into Qaa’ Al-Musmma in Syria. The drainage patterns, which cover the area, include dendritic, subdendritic, distributary, anastomatic and multi basinal patterns with a coarse Wadi texture. Quaternary sediments in Wadi Muqat include a coarse alluvial Wadi deposits, alluvial fan deposits and fine-grained clay-silt Qaa’ deposits. Wadi and alluvial fan deposits are formed of locally derived debris of limestone, basalt and chert pebbles and gravels. A series of Qaa’s occur along Wadi Muqat and represent the site of laminated/varved clay-silt deposits indicating that these Qaa’s were occupied by lakes probably formed by natural blocking of the Wadi course by alluvial fans or any coarse Wadi deposits. These lakes are indicated not only by the type of Qaa’ deposit...
Quality of groundwater in the Yarmouk basin, Jordan has been assessed through the study of hydrog... more Quality of groundwater in the Yarmouk basin, Jordan has been assessed through the study of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the water chemistry as it is considered the main source for drinking and agriculture activities in the region. The results of the relationship between Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus HCO3− + CO32−, Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus total cations, Na+ + K+ versus total cations, Cl− + SO42− versus Na+ + K+, Na+ versus Cl−, Na+ versus HCO3− + CO32−, Na+ versus Ca2+, and Na+: Cl− versus EC describe the mineral dissolution mechanism through the strong relationship between water with rocks in alkaline conditions with the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, CO32−, SO42−, and F− ions in the groundwater for enrichment. Furthermore, evaporation processes, groundwater depletion, and ion exchange contribute to the increased concentration of Na+ and Cl− ions in groundwater. Anthropogenic sources are one of the main reasons for contamination of groundwater in the study area and for increasing the concentration of Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3− ions. Results show the quality of groundwater in the study area is categorized as follows: HCO3− + CO32− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3− > F− and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. In conclusion, the results of TDS, TH, and chemical composition showed that 26% of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for drinking. About 28% of groundwater samples in the study area have a high concentration of Mg2+, Na+, and NO3− above the acceptable limit. Also, based on high SAR, 10% of the groundwater samples were not suitable for irrigation purposes.
The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterised by many coastal entrances that penetrate the se... more The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterised by many coastal entrances that penetrate the sea. Its origins can be traced to the estuaries of ancient wadis that influenced the evolution of the geological environment, marine structures, and sea factors. The objective of this study is to discover the geomorphological development of Sharm Yanbu and to determine the factors of its development and the most important changes that occurred on the coast between 1990-2016. The study also aims to identify areas that have suffered a decline due to erosion and marine factors that have threatened tourism and economic development in the region. The risk of flooding in marine areas and surrounding sea floods during periods of high tide and storm waves is also examined to determine coastal ranges. Two Landsat images are used over a 26years period to monitor changes in the coastline and identify the areas of decline through the satellite image analysis program. Radar data is also used to identify topography and surrounding areas, and to construct a pattern of occurrence of marine floods and identify areas likely to be covered by seawater in the future. The first factor is related to the geological formation and the structure that surrounds the sharm. The second factor is related to marine factors whose effects appear in the form of carving down and the dissolution of the limestone coastline to form grooves and trenches. The third factor relates to the topography of the low sloping coastal plain.
Abstract Wadi Khumal, a triangular drainage system basin located at the Radwa Mountains of the so... more Abstract Wadi Khumal, a triangular drainage system basin located at the Radwa Mountains of the south Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, has been chosen to assess certain morphometric parameters that influence water supply for basin hydrology. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) information was used to produce Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect network, and descent graphs. Geographic Information System (GIS) is utilized for the assessment of linear, areal, and relief landmarks of morphometric aspects. Morphometric analysis of the drainage system network and the Khumal basin showed it has fifth-order wadi network with an elongated shape and possesses dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. These pattern points in the Khumal basin have similarity of lithology, moderate to steep slope, and an effective structural system. The various values of bifurcation ratios (Rb) versus low form factor results with circularity ratio (Rc) and elongation ratio (Re) highly suggested a geologically higher permeability and a structurally planned drainage system through intermediate to low drainage density (Dd), moderate stream frequency (Fs); moderately coarse drainage texture (Rt) with high relief indicates tectonic activity with high slope terrain made from loose materials with good permeability efficient for the recharging of ground water. The low value of asymmetrical factor (AF) showed great distortion quotient of the lithology in all sub-basins proving the great and broad tectonic influence in the Khumal basin. A high relief ratio (Rh) of 0.028, with low zigzag path and a highly steep ridge during the Khumal basin indicated a continuation of youth of the basin with continuously local uplifting. A very low value Rt of 0.646 versus a very low Fs of 0.177 and a Dd of 556.33 m/km2 demonstrated that the basin was having extremely resistant rocks in a very high relief ground which indicates late tectonic activity.
Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms th... more Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms the main drainage system of the Hammad Basin in the NE Badia region of Jordan. Its general drainage is towards the north and ultimately into Qaa’ Al-Musmma in Syria. The drainage patterns, which cover the area, include dendritic, subdendritic, distributary, anastomatic and multi basinal patterns with a coarse Wadi texture. Quaternary sediments in Wadi Muqat include a coarse alluvial Wadi deposits, alluvial fan deposits and fine-grained clay-silt Qaa’ deposits. Wadi and alluvial fan deposits are formed of locally derived debris of limestone, basalt and chert pebbles and gravels. A series of Qaa’s occur along Wadi Muqat and represent the site of laminated/varved clay-silt deposits indicating that these Qaa’s were occupied by lakes probably formed by natural blocking of the Wadi course by alluvial fans or any coarse Wadi deposits. These lakes are indicated not only by the type of Qaa’ deposit...
An attempt is made to assess the water balance of Wadi Muqat basin (Lake Burqu’) which occupied t... more An attempt is made to assess the water balance of Wadi Muqat basin (Lake Burqu’) which occupied the most northeastern part of Jordan during a part of the Late Quaternary, and to reconstruct the climatic and environmental conditions (hydrology and temperature), through geomorphological and hydrological studies. Two main shorelines were determined and constructed for the lake of Wadi Muqat basin and two climatic models were accomplished to explain the water fluctuations during Late Quaternary depending on the calculation of the evapotranspiration (PE), runoff (RO) and free surface evaporation (EL) assuming that the mean annual temperature was 14.5°C and 10.9°C which means 4°C and 8°C less than the present mean annual temperature, respectively. Annual precipitation averages for sustaining water in the lake system reached (130 mm/yr) in climatic Model I and (60 mm/yr) in climatic Model II.
A detailed and comprehensive study regarding quantitative and qualitative mineralogical, chemical... more A detailed and comprehensive study regarding quantitative and qualitative mineralogical, chemical and grain size analyses of different Lisan Peninsula deposits southeastern Dead Sea of Jordan had been carried out. The recent Lisan Peninsula deposits are of Holocene (Quaternary) carbonate sediments which were deposited as varves light and dark laminae with different mineralogical and chemical composition. The light laminae varves are composed of aragonite in general and traces of calcite and dolomite with size fractions less than 38 micron. They were deposited chemically during highly temperature seasons. Dark laminae varves are mainly composed of calcite, quartz, some clay minerals: kaolinite, illite and smectite and traces of gypsum and dolomite, with size fractions more than 38 micron in general. They were deposited mechanically during high water discharge from surrounding area during rainy seasons. It should be mentioned that some minerals, like gypsum, were deposited chemically ...
The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace eleme... more The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace elements and their metals, and determining the most important geochemical and environmental factors contributing to the formation of urinary stones. The researcher distributed 460 questionnaires to patients in different hospitals in Jordan, 282 of which were retrieved yielding a percentage of 61.3%. Seven groups were identified by using
Through the present study of Qaa' Abu Qardi-NE Jordan, the type and distribution of sediments... more Through the present study of Qaa' Abu Qardi-NE Jordan, the type and distribution of sediments was determined horizontally and vertically depending on the environmental conditions and the type of rocks surrounding the area. A number of surface and subsurface samples were studied mineralogically and chemically. Quantitative and qualitative distribution of the different sizes is related to weathering and environmental factors during geological time and geomorphological features and to the types of rocks and deposits surrounding the Qaa' area. Silt content ranges between 40-90% and mostly increases with depth. The sediments are loam silty clay to loam silty type. The sediments of Qaa' Abu Qardi are composed of calcite, quartz, plagioclase, clay minerals (kaolinite, muscovite, illite and montmorillonite), dolomite and gypsum. Calcite and dolomite are formed during many chemical and physical processes. Quartz, plagioclase and clay minerals are transported as clastic material f...
The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T boundary ... more The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T boundary of clayey shale at the Yarmouk River area, Jordan, were examined. There were no marked changes in the mineralogy of the clayey shale within the K/T boundary. This outcrop consists of more than 100 m of Maastrichtian oil shale overlying about 20 m limestone. Marly limestone included many clay laminations from organic and volcanic origins, which are considered an evidence of the K/T boundary through detected iridium anomalies. Any of these particular lamellae range from 2 mm to 5 mm in thickness. Smectite was the predominant clay mineral in smectitic shale laminations. It was located at eight meters above the K/T boundary and includes some anomalous concentrations of iridium and traces of other elements. The analysis of geochemical platinum group at the K/T boundary clays showed anomalous enrichments of iridium, compared with other carbonate rocks as a result of weathering processes of oil shale, or through concentration from weathering of basalt flows, but not pointing to an impact process. The clays in late Maastrichtian have IreSc prevailed anomalies and synchronize with increasing of terrigenous and volcanogenic traced elements. Kaolin, smectite, and volkonskoite were the dominant clay minerals at the K/T boundary with high concentrations of iridium. The concentration levels of iridium in some laminations of the Yarmouk sediments ranged between 1.6 and 7.8 ppb.
The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry of hard and sedimentary aquifers system in Gadilam riv... more The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry of hard and sedimentary aquifers system in Gadilam river basin has resulted in a large number of geochemical dataset. Groundwater samples were collected at 41 sites over spread of 1380 km 2 study area and analyzed for major ions. The large number of data can lead to difficulties in the integration, interpretation and representation of the results. Application of statistical analysis of the data helps us to unravel the hidden relationship between ions. Correlation analyses and factor analyses were applied to classify the groundwater samples, and to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater geochemistry. The correlation analysis helps in the determination of the spinal and the seasonal species (ions). Calcium (Ca 2+), Magnesium (Mg 2+), Sodium (Na +), Chloride (Cl-), Bicarbonate (HCO 3-) and Sulphate (SO 4 2-) were determined as spinal species and Potassium (K +), Phosphate (PO 4-) and Silica (H 4 SiO 4) as the seasonal species. Factor analysis shows that dissolution and leaching of secondary salts, weathering and anthropogenic impacts are the dominant controlling factors in the study area. Though several factors were extracted for different seasons to identify the dominant hydrogeochemical regime of the study area, first three dominant factors were spatially distributed by their factor scores. This spatial representation of the factor scores show that part of the region is hydrogeochemically active.
The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterized by the presence of numerous marine heads that d... more The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterized by the presence of numerous marine heads that differ in terms of shape, size, geological setting, structures, and composition. This difference directly affects geomorphological evolution. In the present study, Ras Al-Shabaan was chosen as a most important area in this coast. Field investigations supported with photo-interpretation techniques were performed for studying of geomorphological features of Ras Al-Shabaan. On the other hand, the remotely sensed imagery data has been used extensively in the identification of geological and geomorphological details of Ras Al-Shabaan. The geomorphological studies showed that depositional processes of wadis and channels are predominant at the Ras Al-Shabaan coast. The changes in geomorphological and geological data of Ras Al-Shabaan were identified by remote sensing image software. Two Landsat ETM+ images from 1990 and 2010 have been processed. The analysis of remote sensing data combined with field investigations and reference data were used to monitor, delineate, and describe the geomorphological changes of Ras Al-Shabaan coast during proceedings of supervised classification of ground units. Hence, the change detection statistics have been used in ground units. Geological and geomorphological maps were digitized by using ArcGIS software. Remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS) were employed in order to monitor the results of changes occurred in the line of the coast. The satellite image processing and water index data were transferred to the ArcGIS program to draw the coast lines and to stand on the changes occurred. Thereby, it was possible to identify the most prominent landforms and geomorphic units of this area. Results showed that platforms, barriers, rocky heads, islands, coral reefs, submerged reefs, tidal channels, dissolution grooves, sabkhas, inlet system, waves work, and shoreline processes were included in coastal prominent landforms. The circumstances that formed this coast are not permanent, as it is changing rapidly and continuously due to erosion and uplift processes.
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics, 2014
Karstification in Al-Kura District, northwestern of Jordan, is distribution in the Tertiary rocks... more Karstification in Al-Kura District, northwestern of Jordan, is distribution in the Tertiary rocks at chalky and marley-limestone unit and it forms a local shallow unconfined aquifer. This research is constructed to describe and study the hydrogeochemical of karst features and their effects on the hydrochemistry of the Al-Dhaher Cave. Studied samples were collected from the water of wells and springs in the study area. All types of water have a composition in milligram units for cations (Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >(Na + +K +)), and anions (HCO 3->Cl->NO 3->SO 4 2-). Calcium and bicarbonate accounts approximately 80% of the total ions. The concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are strongly correlated with HCO 3-. The rCa 2+ /rMg 2+ ratio for Al-Dhaher Spring is about 1.54, which suggests that water moves in chalky and marly limestone. Our data revealed that the main ions Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 have very strong correlation to spring discharge. The water is undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, and the correlation of SI c and SI d to discharge is very strong (r=0.97 and 0.96). Depending on comparing the coefficients variations, the type of Al-Dhaher Spring could be classified as conduit spring. The results of water analyses studies show that the aquifer system is prone to karstification and they show the impact of karstification on the chemical composition of spring waters.
Abstract The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T ... more Abstract The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T boundary of clayey shale at the Yarmouk River area, Jordan, were examined. There were no marked changes in the mineralogy of the clayey shale within the K/T boundary. This outcrop consists of more than 100 m of Maastrichtian oil shale overlying about 20 m limestone. Marly limestone included many clay laminations from organic and volcanic origins, which are considered an evidence of the K/T boundary through detected iridium anomalies. Any of these particular lamellae range from 2 mm to 5 mm in thickness. Smectite was the predominant clay mineral in smectitic shale laminations. It was located at eight meters above the K/T boundary and includes some anomalous concentrations of iridium and traces of other elements. The analysis of geochemical platinum group at the K/T boundary clays showed anomalous enrichments of iridium, compared with other carbonate rocks as a result of weathering processes of oil shale, or through concentration from weathering of basalt flows, but not pointing to an impact process. The clays in late Maastrichtian have Ir–Sc prevailed anomalies and synchronize with increasing of terrigenous and volcanogenic traced elements. Kaolin, smectite, and volkonskoite were the dominant clay minerals at the K/T boundary with high concentrations of iridium. The concentration levels of iridium in some laminations of the Yarmouk sediments ranged between 1.6 and 7.8 ppb.
The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace eleme... more The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace elements and their metals, and determining the most important geochemical and environmental factors contributing to the formation of urinary stones. The researcher distributed 460 questionnaires to patients in different hospitals in Jordan, 282 of which were retrieved yielding a percentage of 61.3%. Seven groups were identified by using XRD namely calcium oxalate, oxalate/apatite, struvite/apatite, oxalate/uric acid, cholesterol, uric acid, and cystine. Urinary stones have been distributed as follows; gallbladder 65.3%, kidney 25.2%, ureter 8.1%, and bladder 1.4%. Males are found more likely to be infected with lithiasis about 51.1 % with an average age of 50 years at (44.3%). Married people of both sexes make up to 87.2 % of people infected. People with lower income (<100 JDs) are more likely to be infected with the disease by 46.9%; stones formation correlates inversely with socio-econom...
The purpose of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the prevalence of urinary s... more The purpose of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the prevalence of urinary stones disease among the inhabitants of selected regions in northern Jordan and to trace the extent of their link with the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in the area in addition to geoenvironmental factors and some certain dietary habits. By comparing the disease spread in the studied areas, results showed that the elevated areas (Irbid and Amman) are the most affected regions with the disease. One hundred and thirty water samples collected from 15 wells were distributed across the three studied regions to identify urinary stone patients among individuals. All samples were analyzed for percentages of cations and anions to assess water quality. Anions are distributed in the following order: HCO3− >Cl− >SO42− >NO3− >F− >PO43−, while the cations are distributed as follows: Ca2+ >Mg2+ >Na+ >K+ >Fe2+. The hydrogeochemical analysis results for the three re...
Industrial evaluation of natural precipitated calcium carbonate sedimentsfrom South Jordan as a f... more Industrial evaluation of natural precipitated calcium carbonate sedimentsfrom South Jordan as a filler، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Urinary stones have become increasingly common in most parts of the world. Countries in the Middl... more Urinary stones have become increasingly common in most parts of the world. Countries in the Middle East (especially Jordan) are categorized in the Afro-Asian stone belt and fall within the tropical and subtropical regions that have consistently reported a high incidence of urolithiasis with a high incidence among children. A specific problem of the Middle East region is the neglected asymptomatic large and staghorn. Human life is not possible without renal function, but urinary stones can quickly lead to failure of the kidneys, which is life threatening. Urinary stones are hard masses developed from organic materials and inorganic crystals (mainly of calcium, phosphate, magnesium salts, oxalate, and/or uric acid) that separate from the urine and build up on the ureter and/or on the inner surface of the kidney. Urinary stones are formed when there is a high concentration level of certain substances, especially calcium, oxalate, cystine, uric acid in the urine, lack of citrate in the ...
تم من خلال هذه الدراسة لقاع (أبو قرضي) في شمال شرق الأردن التعرف على نوع الرسوبيات في تلك المنطقة... more تم من خلال هذه الدراسة لقاع (أبو قرضي) في شمال شرق الأردن التعرف على نوع الرسوبيات في تلك المنطقة، وحجومها، وطريقة توزيعها: أفقيا وعموديا، بالاعتماد على الظروف البيئية، ونوع الصخور المحيطة بالمنطقة، وذلك من خلال أخذ عدد من العينات السطحية، وتحت السطحية ودراسة التكوين المعدني والكيميائي لها، وعلاقته بالتوزيع الكمي والنوعي للحجوم المختلفة لتلك الرسوبيات: أفقيا وعموديا، ومدى ارتباط ذلك بعوامل التجوية والظروف البيئية خلال الزمن الجيولوجي، وكذلك بنوعية الصخور والمواد الرسوبية المحيطة بمنطقة قاع (أبو قرضي). كما تم تحديد كل ذلك مع العلاقات الجيومورفولوجية للقاع وما يحيط به. وبينت الدراسة أن نسبة الغرين تقع تقريبا بين 40-90، وتزداد بالانتقال العمودي في رسوبيات القاع مع العمق، وأن الرسوبيات لوم غضاري طيني الى لوم غضاري. ووجد أن معادن الكالسايت، والكوارتز، والبلاجيوكليز، وبعض المعادن الطينية: (الكاؤلينايت، والمسكوفايت، والإليت، والمونتموريلينايت) والدولومايت، والجبص هي المعادن الأساسية المكونة لتلك الرسوبيات. يعتقد أن معادن الكالسايت والدولومايت تكونت بنفس الحوض الترسيبي، والقليل منها يعد منق...
Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms th... more Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms the main drainage system of the Hammad Basin in the NE Badia region of Jordan. Its general drainage is towards the north and ultimately into Qaa’ Al-Musmma in Syria. The drainage patterns, which cover the area, include dendritic, subdendritic, distributary, anastomatic and multi basinal patterns with a coarse Wadi texture. Quaternary sediments in Wadi Muqat include a coarse alluvial Wadi deposits, alluvial fan deposits and fine-grained clay-silt Qaa’ deposits. Wadi and alluvial fan deposits are formed of locally derived debris of limestone, basalt and chert pebbles and gravels. A series of Qaa’s occur along Wadi Muqat and represent the site of laminated/varved clay-silt deposits indicating that these Qaa’s were occupied by lakes probably formed by natural blocking of the Wadi course by alluvial fans or any coarse Wadi deposits. These lakes are indicated not only by the type of Qaa’ deposit...
Quality of groundwater in the Yarmouk basin, Jordan has been assessed through the study of hydrog... more Quality of groundwater in the Yarmouk basin, Jordan has been assessed through the study of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the water chemistry as it is considered the main source for drinking and agriculture activities in the region. The results of the relationship between Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus HCO3− + CO32−, Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus total cations, Na+ + K+ versus total cations, Cl− + SO42− versus Na+ + K+, Na+ versus Cl−, Na+ versus HCO3− + CO32−, Na+ versus Ca2+, and Na+: Cl− versus EC describe the mineral dissolution mechanism through the strong relationship between water with rocks in alkaline conditions with the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, CO32−, SO42−, and F− ions in the groundwater for enrichment. Furthermore, evaporation processes, groundwater depletion, and ion exchange contribute to the increased concentration of Na+ and Cl− ions in groundwater. Anthropogenic sources are one of the main reasons for contamination of groundwater in the study area and for increasing the concentration of Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3− ions. Results show the quality of groundwater in the study area is categorized as follows: HCO3− + CO32− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3− > F− and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. In conclusion, the results of TDS, TH, and chemical composition showed that 26% of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for drinking. About 28% of groundwater samples in the study area have a high concentration of Mg2+, Na+, and NO3− above the acceptable limit. Also, based on high SAR, 10% of the groundwater samples were not suitable for irrigation purposes.
The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterised by many coastal entrances that penetrate the se... more The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterised by many coastal entrances that penetrate the sea. Its origins can be traced to the estuaries of ancient wadis that influenced the evolution of the geological environment, marine structures, and sea factors. The objective of this study is to discover the geomorphological development of Sharm Yanbu and to determine the factors of its development and the most important changes that occurred on the coast between 1990-2016. The study also aims to identify areas that have suffered a decline due to erosion and marine factors that have threatened tourism and economic development in the region. The risk of flooding in marine areas and surrounding sea floods during periods of high tide and storm waves is also examined to determine coastal ranges. Two Landsat images are used over a 26years period to monitor changes in the coastline and identify the areas of decline through the satellite image analysis program. Radar data is also used to identify topography and surrounding areas, and to construct a pattern of occurrence of marine floods and identify areas likely to be covered by seawater in the future. The first factor is related to the geological formation and the structure that surrounds the sharm. The second factor is related to marine factors whose effects appear in the form of carving down and the dissolution of the limestone coastline to form grooves and trenches. The third factor relates to the topography of the low sloping coastal plain.
Abstract Wadi Khumal, a triangular drainage system basin located at the Radwa Mountains of the so... more Abstract Wadi Khumal, a triangular drainage system basin located at the Radwa Mountains of the south Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, has been chosen to assess certain morphometric parameters that influence water supply for basin hydrology. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) information was used to produce Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect network, and descent graphs. Geographic Information System (GIS) is utilized for the assessment of linear, areal, and relief landmarks of morphometric aspects. Morphometric analysis of the drainage system network and the Khumal basin showed it has fifth-order wadi network with an elongated shape and possesses dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. These pattern points in the Khumal basin have similarity of lithology, moderate to steep slope, and an effective structural system. The various values of bifurcation ratios (Rb) versus low form factor results with circularity ratio (Rc) and elongation ratio (Re) highly suggested a geologically higher permeability and a structurally planned drainage system through intermediate to low drainage density (Dd), moderate stream frequency (Fs); moderately coarse drainage texture (Rt) with high relief indicates tectonic activity with high slope terrain made from loose materials with good permeability efficient for the recharging of ground water. The low value of asymmetrical factor (AF) showed great distortion quotient of the lithology in all sub-basins proving the great and broad tectonic influence in the Khumal basin. A high relief ratio (Rh) of 0.028, with low zigzag path and a highly steep ridge during the Khumal basin indicated a continuation of youth of the basin with continuously local uplifting. A very low value Rt of 0.646 versus a very low Fs of 0.177 and a Dd of 556.33 m/km2 demonstrated that the basin was having extremely resistant rocks in a very high relief ground which indicates late tectonic activity.
Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms th... more Wadi Muqat occupies the Central Wadian (The system of Wadis in the study area) Area, and forms the main drainage system of the Hammad Basin in the NE Badia region of Jordan. Its general drainage is towards the north and ultimately into Qaa’ Al-Musmma in Syria. The drainage patterns, which cover the area, include dendritic, subdendritic, distributary, anastomatic and multi basinal patterns with a coarse Wadi texture. Quaternary sediments in Wadi Muqat include a coarse alluvial Wadi deposits, alluvial fan deposits and fine-grained clay-silt Qaa’ deposits. Wadi and alluvial fan deposits are formed of locally derived debris of limestone, basalt and chert pebbles and gravels. A series of Qaa’s occur along Wadi Muqat and represent the site of laminated/varved clay-silt deposits indicating that these Qaa’s were occupied by lakes probably formed by natural blocking of the Wadi course by alluvial fans or any coarse Wadi deposits. These lakes are indicated not only by the type of Qaa’ deposit...
An attempt is made to assess the water balance of Wadi Muqat basin (Lake Burqu’) which occupied t... more An attempt is made to assess the water balance of Wadi Muqat basin (Lake Burqu’) which occupied the most northeastern part of Jordan during a part of the Late Quaternary, and to reconstruct the climatic and environmental conditions (hydrology and temperature), through geomorphological and hydrological studies. Two main shorelines were determined and constructed for the lake of Wadi Muqat basin and two climatic models were accomplished to explain the water fluctuations during Late Quaternary depending on the calculation of the evapotranspiration (PE), runoff (RO) and free surface evaporation (EL) assuming that the mean annual temperature was 14.5°C and 10.9°C which means 4°C and 8°C less than the present mean annual temperature, respectively. Annual precipitation averages for sustaining water in the lake system reached (130 mm/yr) in climatic Model I and (60 mm/yr) in climatic Model II.
A detailed and comprehensive study regarding quantitative and qualitative mineralogical, chemical... more A detailed and comprehensive study regarding quantitative and qualitative mineralogical, chemical and grain size analyses of different Lisan Peninsula deposits southeastern Dead Sea of Jordan had been carried out. The recent Lisan Peninsula deposits are of Holocene (Quaternary) carbonate sediments which were deposited as varves light and dark laminae with different mineralogical and chemical composition. The light laminae varves are composed of aragonite in general and traces of calcite and dolomite with size fractions less than 38 micron. They were deposited chemically during highly temperature seasons. Dark laminae varves are mainly composed of calcite, quartz, some clay minerals: kaolinite, illite and smectite and traces of gypsum and dolomite, with size fractions more than 38 micron in general. They were deposited mechanically during high water discharge from surrounding area during rainy seasons. It should be mentioned that some minerals, like gypsum, were deposited chemically ...
The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace eleme... more The present study aims at deducing correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace elements and their metals, and determining the most important geochemical and environmental factors contributing to the formation of urinary stones. The researcher distributed 460 questionnaires to patients in different hospitals in Jordan, 282 of which were retrieved yielding a percentage of 61.3%. Seven groups were identified by using
Through the present study of Qaa' Abu Qardi-NE Jordan, the type and distribution of sediments... more Through the present study of Qaa' Abu Qardi-NE Jordan, the type and distribution of sediments was determined horizontally and vertically depending on the environmental conditions and the type of rocks surrounding the area. A number of surface and subsurface samples were studied mineralogically and chemically. Quantitative and qualitative distribution of the different sizes is related to weathering and environmental factors during geological time and geomorphological features and to the types of rocks and deposits surrounding the Qaa' area. Silt content ranges between 40-90% and mostly increases with depth. The sediments are loam silty clay to loam silty type. The sediments of Qaa' Abu Qardi are composed of calcite, quartz, plagioclase, clay minerals (kaolinite, muscovite, illite and montmorillonite), dolomite and gypsum. Calcite and dolomite are formed during many chemical and physical processes. Quartz, plagioclase and clay minerals are transported as clastic material f...
The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T boundary ... more The mineralogy, lithology, and geochemistry of five discrete laminations across the K/T boundary of clayey shale at the Yarmouk River area, Jordan, were examined. There were no marked changes in the mineralogy of the clayey shale within the K/T boundary. This outcrop consists of more than 100 m of Maastrichtian oil shale overlying about 20 m limestone. Marly limestone included many clay laminations from organic and volcanic origins, which are considered an evidence of the K/T boundary through detected iridium anomalies. Any of these particular lamellae range from 2 mm to 5 mm in thickness. Smectite was the predominant clay mineral in smectitic shale laminations. It was located at eight meters above the K/T boundary and includes some anomalous concentrations of iridium and traces of other elements. The analysis of geochemical platinum group at the K/T boundary clays showed anomalous enrichments of iridium, compared with other carbonate rocks as a result of weathering processes of oil shale, or through concentration from weathering of basalt flows, but not pointing to an impact process. The clays in late Maastrichtian have IreSc prevailed anomalies and synchronize with increasing of terrigenous and volcanogenic traced elements. Kaolin, smectite, and volkonskoite were the dominant clay minerals at the K/T boundary with high concentrations of iridium. The concentration levels of iridium in some laminations of the Yarmouk sediments ranged between 1.6 and 7.8 ppb.
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