... H. pome-lianum Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 242 (2003). Ind. loc.: [Algeria] Montagnes de la r... more ... H. pome-lianum Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 242 (2003). Ind. loc.: [Algeria] Montagnes de la région des Ksours: Djebel-Amour. Holotype: O. Djebel Amour, El-Ghicha, 10-VI-1860, Pomel sn (P 84147; isotype: MPU!). = Helichrysum siculum var. brachyphyllum Boiss., Fl. ...
The limits of the genera that compose the Onopordum group of the Cardueae-Carduinae are difficult... more The limits of the genera that compose the Onopordum group of the Cardueae-Carduinae are difficult to establish. There are two main life forms; one is exemplified in the genus Onopordum, which includes only biennial colonisers in the Mediterranean region and temperate Eurasia; the second life form is exemplified in the group of perennial herbs of the genera Alfredia, Ancathia, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Synurus, Syreitschikovia and Xanthopappus, all of them growing in the mountains of central Asia. We explored relationships among the genera of the complex by using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of a combined dataset of nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. Our results confirmed that the group is natural and the two life forms correspond to well defined entities. Generic limits within the eight central Asian genera are, however, very difficult to establish. Our results suggested that the present genus circumscription is artificial, especially for the largest genus, Olgaea, which appears paraphyletic. Some solutions are suggested. The most preferable might be lumping all small genera together in a broadly redefined genus Alfredia, and assigning sectional rank to the natural groups that result from correlating morphology with our molecular results. However, none of the possible solutions is free of problems because morphological characters and molecular phylogeny are not fully congruent. Some considerations on the origin and peculiar adaptations for becoming a successful coloniser shown by Onopordum are also offered, finding parallels to these adaptations in other examples of biennial colonisers within subtribe Carduinae.
In order to verify the taxonomic status of the presumably endemic Pyrenean Galium brockmannii sub... more In order to verify the taxonomic status of the presumably endemic Pyrenean Galium brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo, 13 morphological characters have been studied in 46 individuals from 14 populations of G. brockmannii. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the 3 main diagnostic characters for subsp. aterratzense showed no significant differences between the two subspecies of G. brockmannii (W= 0.910, p-value = 0.259). No other discriminating morphological characters for the two subspecies have been found. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been performed using the 13 morphological characters, including 9 individuals from 5 populations of G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend. as an outgroup. The PCA two first axes representation showed that the two species may be clearly distinguished while G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense does not form a homogeneous, isolated cluster. In conclusion, all available data support G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense should be considered a synonym of G. brockmannii.
ABSTRACT Castroviejoa Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí has been recently described as a new genu... more ABSTRACT Castroviejoa Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí has been recently described as a new genus of Gnaphalieae, and comprises the two Mediterranean species Castroviejoa frigida (Labill.) Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí and C. montelinasana (Schmid) Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí, formerly known as Helichrysum frigidum (Labill.) Willd. and H. montelinasanum Schmid. In the present paper their morphology is accurately described and compared with that of Helichrysum and related genera. These two species present three morphological characters that are not found together in other Helichrysum species, and which characterise the genus Castroviejoa: the multicellular, biseriate, glandular hairs present on the corolla tube; the undivided stereome; and the apical sweeping hairs that also extend dorsally along the style branches. The full taxonomic treatment of the new genus is provided.
Canadian Journal of Botany-revue Canadienne De Botanique, 2006
A taxonomic revision of Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, a section with a Mediterranean distributio... more A taxonomic revision of Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, a section with a Mediterranean distribution, is presented. Taxonomic, nomenclatural, morphological, chromosomal, geographical, and ecological data are provided for each taxon. Eleven taxa are recognized, two lectotypifications are proposed, and a taxonomic key and a sectional description are included. The following new combinations are proposed: Helichrysum italicum subsp. siculum Résumé : Les auteurs présentent une révision taxonomique des Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, incluant toutes les espèces avec distribution méditerranéenne. On présente pour chaque taxon des données sur la taxonomie, la nomenclature, la morphologie, les chromosomes, la géographie et l'écologie. On reconnaît 11 taxons, on propose deux lectotypifications et une clé taxonomique, ainsi qu'une description de la section. On propose les combinaisons nouvelles suivantes : Helichrysum italicum subsp. Siculum
ABSTRACT The internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA were sequenced for 41... more ABSTRACT The internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA were sequenced for 41 Helichrysum species (Gnaphalieae), focusing on the Mediterranean group of species, together with eight representatives of other genera of the Gnaphalieae, in order to check the hypothesised monophyly of the Mediterranean Helichrysum group and the correspondence of the sequence data with its traditional sectional classification. The cladistic analysis of sequence data supports monophyly of the Mediterranean Helichrysum excluding H. frigidum and H. montelinasanum. The traditional classification of the Mediterranean species into two sections, Helichrysum and Virginea, is not supported, whereas a group constituted by species from the west Mediterranean area is shown as a moderately supported monophyletic clade in the strict consensus tree. Other results also show and confirm the complexity, still not satisfactorily resolved, of the Helichrysum generic delimitation: Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum appears merged in Helichrysum whereas Helichrysum dasyanthum appears more related to Anaxeton laeve than to any Helichrysum species.
Helichrysum nicolai from the Cape Verdean island of São Nicolau is described as a species new to ... more Helichrysum nicolai from the Cape Verdean island of São Nicolau is described as a species new to science and illustrated. The systematic position in Helichrysum of this acaulescent dwarf rosette shrub with heterogamous capitula, in which the female flowers outnumber the hermaphrodite ones, is established using an ITS phylogeny based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses. The new species is most closely related to the Canary Island endemics H. alucense and H. monogynum. The closest relative to these three species are not the other members of the genus on the mid-Atlantic archipelagos but H. somalense from the Horn of Africa region and the southern Arabian Peninsula and the widespread tropical African-S Arabian-SE Iranian H. glumaceum, to which the SE Iranian H. makranicum is found to be conspecific. The phytogeographical significance of these relationships is discussed and at least three independent colonization events of the mid-Atlantic archipelagos by Helichrysum are concluded from the molecular data available.
The Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade is a major component of the tribe Gnaphali... more The Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade is a major component of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Compositae) and includes the genera Helichrysum, Anaphalis, Achyrocline and Pseudognaphalium. Allopolyploid origins for at least two clades within the HAP clade have previously been suggested, one involving the genus Anaphalis and the Mediterranean-Asian Helichrysum species, and a second one involving part of Pseudognaphalium. In the present paper, with the use of two nuclear ribosomal and two plastid DNA markers and an extensive sampling of the HAP clade, further evidence relevant to the origin, composition and closest relatives of these clades is provided, and additional cases of incongruence are discussed. The superposition of distribution areas on the phylogeny suggests that the HAP clade originated in the Cape region of southern Africa and subsequently dispersed to and diversified in the Afromontane regions of east southern Africa, mainly the Drakensberg, before spreading northward and giving rise to several lineages in Afromontane and Afroalpine areas of central tropical Africa and in Madagascar. Allopolyploidy may have preceded the dispersal and diversification of the HAP lineage out of Africa to the Mediterranean area, and to the Americas and Asia. Finally, discussion on the distribution of several morphological characters in the phylogeny and their taxonomic relevance is also provided, with views on the need for a new generic delimitation.
... H. pome-lianum Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 242 (2003). Ind. loc.: [Algeria] Montagnes de la r... more ... H. pome-lianum Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 242 (2003). Ind. loc.: [Algeria] Montagnes de la région des Ksours: Djebel-Amour. Holotype: O. Djebel Amour, El-Ghicha, 10-VI-1860, Pomel sn (P 84147; isotype: MPU!). = Helichrysum siculum var. brachyphyllum Boiss., Fl. ...
The limits of the genera that compose the Onopordum group of the Cardueae-Carduinae are difficult... more The limits of the genera that compose the Onopordum group of the Cardueae-Carduinae are difficult to establish. There are two main life forms; one is exemplified in the genus Onopordum, which includes only biennial colonisers in the Mediterranean region and temperate Eurasia; the second life form is exemplified in the group of perennial herbs of the genera Alfredia, Ancathia, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Synurus, Syreitschikovia and Xanthopappus, all of them growing in the mountains of central Asia. We explored relationships among the genera of the complex by using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of a combined dataset of nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. Our results confirmed that the group is natural and the two life forms correspond to well defined entities. Generic limits within the eight central Asian genera are, however, very difficult to establish. Our results suggested that the present genus circumscription is artificial, especially for the largest genus, Olgaea, which appears paraphyletic. Some solutions are suggested. The most preferable might be lumping all small genera together in a broadly redefined genus Alfredia, and assigning sectional rank to the natural groups that result from correlating morphology with our molecular results. However, none of the possible solutions is free of problems because morphological characters and molecular phylogeny are not fully congruent. Some considerations on the origin and peculiar adaptations for becoming a successful coloniser shown by Onopordum are also offered, finding parallels to these adaptations in other examples of biennial colonisers within subtribe Carduinae.
In order to verify the taxonomic status of the presumably endemic Pyrenean Galium brockmannii sub... more In order to verify the taxonomic status of the presumably endemic Pyrenean Galium brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo, 13 morphological characters have been studied in 46 individuals from 14 populations of G. brockmannii. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the 3 main diagnostic characters for subsp. aterratzense showed no significant differences between the two subspecies of G. brockmannii (W= 0.910, p-value = 0.259). No other discriminating morphological characters for the two subspecies have been found. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been performed using the 13 morphological characters, including 9 individuals from 5 populations of G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend. as an outgroup. The PCA two first axes representation showed that the two species may be clearly distinguished while G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense does not form a homogeneous, isolated cluster. In conclusion, all available data support G. brockmannii subsp. aterratzense should be considered a synonym of G. brockmannii.
ABSTRACT Castroviejoa Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí has been recently described as a new genu... more ABSTRACT Castroviejoa Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí has been recently described as a new genus of Gnaphalieae, and comprises the two Mediterranean species Castroviejoa frigida (Labill.) Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí and C. montelinasana (Schmid) Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí, formerly known as Helichrysum frigidum (Labill.) Willd. and H. montelinasanum Schmid. In the present paper their morphology is accurately described and compared with that of Helichrysum and related genera. These two species present three morphological characters that are not found together in other Helichrysum species, and which characterise the genus Castroviejoa: the multicellular, biseriate, glandular hairs present on the corolla tube; the undivided stereome; and the apical sweeping hairs that also extend dorsally along the style branches. The full taxonomic treatment of the new genus is provided.
Canadian Journal of Botany-revue Canadienne De Botanique, 2006
A taxonomic revision of Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, a section with a Mediterranean distributio... more A taxonomic revision of Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, a section with a Mediterranean distribution, is presented. Taxonomic, nomenclatural, morphological, chromosomal, geographical, and ecological data are provided for each taxon. Eleven taxa are recognized, two lectotypifications are proposed, and a taxonomic key and a sectional description are included. The following new combinations are proposed: Helichrysum italicum subsp. siculum Résumé : Les auteurs présentent une révision taxonomique des Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, incluant toutes les espèces avec distribution méditerranéenne. On présente pour chaque taxon des données sur la taxonomie, la nomenclature, la morphologie, les chromosomes, la géographie et l'écologie. On reconnaît 11 taxons, on propose deux lectotypifications et une clé taxonomique, ainsi qu'une description de la section. On propose les combinaisons nouvelles suivantes : Helichrysum italicum subsp. Siculum
ABSTRACT The internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA were sequenced for 41... more ABSTRACT The internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA were sequenced for 41 Helichrysum species (Gnaphalieae), focusing on the Mediterranean group of species, together with eight representatives of other genera of the Gnaphalieae, in order to check the hypothesised monophyly of the Mediterranean Helichrysum group and the correspondence of the sequence data with its traditional sectional classification. The cladistic analysis of sequence data supports monophyly of the Mediterranean Helichrysum excluding H. frigidum and H. montelinasanum. The traditional classification of the Mediterranean species into two sections, Helichrysum and Virginea, is not supported, whereas a group constituted by species from the west Mediterranean area is shown as a moderately supported monophyletic clade in the strict consensus tree. Other results also show and confirm the complexity, still not satisfactorily resolved, of the Helichrysum generic delimitation: Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum appears merged in Helichrysum whereas Helichrysum dasyanthum appears more related to Anaxeton laeve than to any Helichrysum species.
Helichrysum nicolai from the Cape Verdean island of São Nicolau is described as a species new to ... more Helichrysum nicolai from the Cape Verdean island of São Nicolau is described as a species new to science and illustrated. The systematic position in Helichrysum of this acaulescent dwarf rosette shrub with heterogamous capitula, in which the female flowers outnumber the hermaphrodite ones, is established using an ITS phylogeny based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses. The new species is most closely related to the Canary Island endemics H. alucense and H. monogynum. The closest relative to these three species are not the other members of the genus on the mid-Atlantic archipelagos but H. somalense from the Horn of Africa region and the southern Arabian Peninsula and the widespread tropical African-S Arabian-SE Iranian H. glumaceum, to which the SE Iranian H. makranicum is found to be conspecific. The phytogeographical significance of these relationships is discussed and at least three independent colonization events of the mid-Atlantic archipelagos by Helichrysum are concluded from the molecular data available.
The Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade is a major component of the tribe Gnaphali... more The Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade is a major component of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Compositae) and includes the genera Helichrysum, Anaphalis, Achyrocline and Pseudognaphalium. Allopolyploid origins for at least two clades within the HAP clade have previously been suggested, one involving the genus Anaphalis and the Mediterranean-Asian Helichrysum species, and a second one involving part of Pseudognaphalium. In the present paper, with the use of two nuclear ribosomal and two plastid DNA markers and an extensive sampling of the HAP clade, further evidence relevant to the origin, composition and closest relatives of these clades is provided, and additional cases of incongruence are discussed. The superposition of distribution areas on the phylogeny suggests that the HAP clade originated in the Cape region of southern Africa and subsequently dispersed to and diversified in the Afromontane regions of east southern Africa, mainly the Drakensberg, before spreading northward and giving rise to several lineages in Afromontane and Afroalpine areas of central tropical Africa and in Madagascar. Allopolyploidy may have preceded the dispersal and diversification of the HAP lineage out of Africa to the Mediterranean area, and to the Americas and Asia. Finally, discussion on the distribution of several morphological characters in the phylogeny and their taxonomic relevance is also provided, with views on the need for a new generic delimitation.
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Papers by Merce Galbany