16th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking, SECON, 2019
Decentralized off-grid short-burst communications for public safety and other applications requir... more Decentralized off-grid short-burst communications for public safety and other applications require mobile wireless networks that can be inexpensively and instantly deployed to cover a large area. Maximizing coverage often necessitates trading bit-rate for range. The resulting capacity is insufficient to support existing mesh networking protocols due to their excessive control overhead, and motivates a fresh approach. We present the networking architecture of goTenna-a long-range lightweight device for mobile mesh networking. Our protocol uses a novel zero-control-packet approach for broadcasting and unicasting that builds state by observing packet header information. We describe its experimental evaluation using ns3, and on a goTenna testbed, concluding with some research challenges. I. MOTIVATION There is a need for an infrastructure-free communications system for short-burst data communications such as collab-orative mapping in the context of public safety, military, and recreation, and for sensing in the context of Internet-of-Things (IoT). Such a system should be decentralized (for robustness), inexpensive, lightweight (for portability), have a very long battery life, allow mobility (of first-responders), and network a significant area with a limited number of devices. The last point is crucial. A number of mesh and ad hoc networking products and prototypes based on WiFi and similar technologies have failed to address the problem because their short range results in inadequate connectivity or excessive deployment cost which renders them impractical and susceptible to the "zero-start" problem [1]. Unfortunately, with all else equal, any practical range-increasing technique results in a reduction in bit-rate. As a case in point, LoRa [2], a fast-growing standard for long-range communication, has bit-rates of 0.25-50 kbps. While this may be sufficient for short-burst data if we consider just the data, the problem is that networking protocols do not scale at these low bit-rates. The literature is replete with thousands of MANET broadcast and unicast routing protocols, and several standards exist, such as AODV [3]. However, most if not all such protocols use dedicated control packets such as Hellos, Link-State Update, Route Request/Response etc. The ultra-low capacities characteristic of long-range short-burst communications cannot support this control packet overhead even for modestly-sized networks (further discussed in section II), motivating a dramatic reduction if not elimination of control packet overhead.
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Papers by Ayush Dusia
We describe VINE and derive an expression for its communication complexity. We present ns3 simulation results across a wide range of network sizes, densities, and traffic that show that VINE significantly outperforms AODV across all of these scenarios, with up to ∼2.5x higher delivery ratio. VINE also provides better security by eliminating scope for control attacks. VINE has been implemented on the goTenna Pro mesh networking device for the military and public safety markets.
We describe a novel centralized opportunistic reactive routing protocol called CORR that allows a mobile SDN Controller (SDNC) to establish connectivity by identifying a subset of nodes in the network and making them the network backbone for forwarding packets. The SDNC learns the network topology via the backbone nodes, reducing the network load and improving the scalability. We evaluate CORR for a wide range of network sizes, densities, and traffic rates. Our ns3 simulation results indicate that CORR provides up to 10% better packet delivery ratio than AODV while incurring at least 1.5x lower network load and 3x lower delay, making it energy efficient and suitable for time-sensitive applications
We describe VINE and derive an expression for its communication complexity. We present ns3 simulation results across a wide range of network sizes, densities, and traffic that show that VINE significantly outperforms AODV across all of these scenarios, with up to ∼2.5x higher delivery ratio. VINE also provides better security by eliminating scope for control attacks. VINE has been implemented on the goTenna Pro mesh networking device for the military and public safety markets.
We describe a novel centralized opportunistic reactive routing protocol called CORR that allows a mobile SDN Controller (SDNC) to establish connectivity by identifying a subset of nodes in the network and making them the network backbone for forwarding packets. The SDNC learns the network topology via the backbone nodes, reducing the network load and improving the scalability. We evaluate CORR for a wide range of network sizes, densities, and traffic rates. Our ns3 simulation results indicate that CORR provides up to 10% better packet delivery ratio than AODV while incurring at least 1.5x lower network load and 3x lower delay, making it energy efficient and suitable for time-sensitive applications