Energy supply is a critical indicator for the global United Nations initiatives because of its im... more Energy supply is a critical indicator for the global United Nations initiatives because of its immense contribution to economic development. In essence, identifying the required energy resource coupled with effective policy strategies is essential to sustainable electricity generation. Nevertheless, future electricity supply requires a range of options that must be robust and workable. Globally, the challenge of harnessing the energy resources sustainably needed for effective electricity generation is alarming. Therefore, the ability to supply a country's electricity based on the availability and affordability of resources is vital for effective governance. In this study, Ghana's energy resourcefulness and the profound effects on the future mix of electricity generation are qualitatively reviewed. In particular, the study covers the existing and potential energy resources available for sustainable electricity generation. The study revealed that Ghana mainly uses hydro, natural gas, and solar energy, among others, for electricity generation. Additionally, a framework explores a well-diversified generation mix using nuclear, coal, and more renewable energy sources in the long-term. Key issues that emerged for national consideration include the need for effective policy direction and implementation, appropriate financing concepts, fuel availability, political will, and setting. By far, this review sought to emphasize literature gaps by providing a rich and fertile ground as a template for industry operators, policymakers, and future research direction.
A series of various factors such as limitation of fossil fuel resources, negative impacts on envi... more A series of various factors such as limitation of fossil fuel resources, negative impacts on environment, fossil fuels prices, political disputes and their effects on supplying sustainable energy are among the reasons which have made many politicians, energy and environment experts move toward the development of a modern structure to secure supply of energy, environment protection and efficiency improvement of energy systems. Hence, most countries have begun to realize that the need for sustainability in energy production and consumption is significantly vital. Therefore, tracking the progress of sustainability is essential. The aim of this paper is to present a set of indicators for Iran, based on the Helio International Sustainable Energy Watch (SEW) indicators, that shows how to track progress toward sustainability in the energy sector. Due to SEW framework, Iran is the closest to sustainability target based on indicators for access to electricity. Iran performs worst on the indicators for CO emissions and energy intensity. Iranian's private sectors had already signed 2 contracts to build plants (more than 600 MW) based on biomass systems and newly developed wind energy (500 MW). Based on Iran Renewable Energy Organization (SUNA) remarks the private sector has submitted a proposal for generating 3000 MW. The objective of present work is to highlight fundamental challenges about the development of renewable energy and policy framework requirements for achievements of sustainable energy in Iran.
The pursuit of middle-income economic status by Ghana comes with an associated increase in electr... more The pursuit of middle-income economic status by Ghana comes with an associated increase in electricity and energy demand. Meanwhile, an increase in either electricity or energy consumption is likely to result in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of increasing reliance on fossil fuel consumption. Presently, there is evidence of the impact of climate change on various aspects of Ghana’s socio-economic structures such as energy production, agriculture, and forestry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop and implement a long-term low-carbon sustainable energy supply strategy that will support the electricity demand of the major economic ambitions envisaged. This study applied a quantitative modelling and simulation methodology using the Model for Energy Supply Strategy and their General Environmental Impacts (MESSAGE) analytical tool to analyse the electricity generation system and the impact of fuel options on the environment. It was found that the inclusion of low-carbon emi...
Electricity continues to be a major contributor to the development of the economy of every countr... more Electricity continues to be a major contributor to the development of the economy of every country, Ghana not exempted. There is, therefore, growing interest to ensure that the supply of electricity meets the demand in all sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The economic costs and environmental issues underpinning electricity is, however, a huge bottleneck to the aspirations of Ghana as a country. The study seeks to explore a long-term (2018 to 2048) comprehensive energy supply strategy to meet the future electricity demand in a sustainable manner while maintaining a low carbon environment. The study employed the development of scenarios, Business As Usual (BAU), and High Economic Growth (HEG) and an empirical methodology that aided the setup of the optimized objective function for the electricity supply model under a set of constraints that define the feasible region containing all possible solutions of the problem. The results indicate that thermal power plants dominated Ghana’s installed capacity. Hydropower plants put together, however, dominated in the electricity generation mix in Ghana during the study period. The introduction of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of 15% and 30% emission reduction targets, showed that hydro and renewables such as wind will make an outstanding increase in electricity generation from 2021 to 2047. The least-cost modelling results concluded that meeting final electricity demands without consideration for environmental impact concerns are the cheapest. Hence, a 30% emission reduction target requires the highest investment for electricity generation throughout the modelling period. The study recommends that research studies such as this be encouraged for effective energy planning since energy planning studies are limited in the country
Energy has become the driving force for national infrastructure development, including the socioe... more Energy has become the driving force for national infrastructure development, including the socioeconomic development of every society. Ghana, like many other African countries, formulated developmental policies to attain middle-income status in the medium term. Socioeconomic growth comes with an upsurge in electricity consumption. Ghana seeks to use industrialization to achieve its middle-income target. To achieve this target, there is a need to develop a reliable, sustainable and affordable energy supply in a benign environment. The entry point for Ghana to become a middle-income economy is a cost-effective and reliable electricity supply. Ghana is endowed with fossil fuel, hydro and renewable resources to drive its industrial ambitions, but the indigenous gas fields feeding some thermal plants for electricity production are decreasing and could run out by early 2030 unless new fields are discovered and may also be affected by price volatility. The untapped hydro resources are also...
Energy supply is a critical indicator for the global United Nations initiatives because of its im... more Energy supply is a critical indicator for the global United Nations initiatives because of its immense contribution to economic development. In essence, identifying the required energy resource coupled with effective policy strategies is essential to sustainable electricity generation. Nevertheless, future electricity supply requires a range of options that must be robust and workable. Globally, the challenge of harnessing the energy resources sustainably needed for effective electricity generation is alarming. Therefore, the ability to supply a country's electricity based on the availability and affordability of resources is vital for effective governance. In this study, Ghana's energy resourcefulness and the profound effects on the future mix of electricity generation are qualitatively reviewed. In particular, the study covers the existing and potential energy resources available for sustainable electricity generation. The study revealed that Ghana mainly uses hydro, natural gas, and solar energy, among others, for electricity generation. Additionally, a framework explores a well-diversified generation mix using nuclear, coal, and more renewable energy sources in the long-term. Key issues that emerged for national consideration include the need for effective policy direction and implementation, appropriate financing concepts, fuel availability, political will, and setting. By far, this review sought to emphasize literature gaps by providing a rich and fertile ground as a template for industry operators, policymakers, and future research direction.
A series of various factors such as limitation of fossil fuel resources, negative impacts on envi... more A series of various factors such as limitation of fossil fuel resources, negative impacts on environment, fossil fuels prices, political disputes and their effects on supplying sustainable energy are among the reasons which have made many politicians, energy and environment experts move toward the development of a modern structure to secure supply of energy, environment protection and efficiency improvement of energy systems. Hence, most countries have begun to realize that the need for sustainability in energy production and consumption is significantly vital. Therefore, tracking the progress of sustainability is essential. The aim of this paper is to present a set of indicators for Iran, based on the Helio International Sustainable Energy Watch (SEW) indicators, that shows how to track progress toward sustainability in the energy sector. Due to SEW framework, Iran is the closest to sustainability target based on indicators for access to electricity. Iran performs worst on the indicators for CO emissions and energy intensity. Iranian's private sectors had already signed 2 contracts to build plants (more than 600 MW) based on biomass systems and newly developed wind energy (500 MW). Based on Iran Renewable Energy Organization (SUNA) remarks the private sector has submitted a proposal for generating 3000 MW. The objective of present work is to highlight fundamental challenges about the development of renewable energy and policy framework requirements for achievements of sustainable energy in Iran.
The pursuit of middle-income economic status by Ghana comes with an associated increase in electr... more The pursuit of middle-income economic status by Ghana comes with an associated increase in electricity and energy demand. Meanwhile, an increase in either electricity or energy consumption is likely to result in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of increasing reliance on fossil fuel consumption. Presently, there is evidence of the impact of climate change on various aspects of Ghana’s socio-economic structures such as energy production, agriculture, and forestry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop and implement a long-term low-carbon sustainable energy supply strategy that will support the electricity demand of the major economic ambitions envisaged. This study applied a quantitative modelling and simulation methodology using the Model for Energy Supply Strategy and their General Environmental Impacts (MESSAGE) analytical tool to analyse the electricity generation system and the impact of fuel options on the environment. It was found that the inclusion of low-carbon emi...
Electricity continues to be a major contributor to the development of the economy of every countr... more Electricity continues to be a major contributor to the development of the economy of every country, Ghana not exempted. There is, therefore, growing interest to ensure that the supply of electricity meets the demand in all sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The economic costs and environmental issues underpinning electricity is, however, a huge bottleneck to the aspirations of Ghana as a country. The study seeks to explore a long-term (2018 to 2048) comprehensive energy supply strategy to meet the future electricity demand in a sustainable manner while maintaining a low carbon environment. The study employed the development of scenarios, Business As Usual (BAU), and High Economic Growth (HEG) and an empirical methodology that aided the setup of the optimized objective function for the electricity supply model under a set of constraints that define the feasible region containing all possible solutions of the problem. The results indicate that thermal power plants dominated Ghana’s installed capacity. Hydropower plants put together, however, dominated in the electricity generation mix in Ghana during the study period. The introduction of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of 15% and 30% emission reduction targets, showed that hydro and renewables such as wind will make an outstanding increase in electricity generation from 2021 to 2047. The least-cost modelling results concluded that meeting final electricity demands without consideration for environmental impact concerns are the cheapest. Hence, a 30% emission reduction target requires the highest investment for electricity generation throughout the modelling period. The study recommends that research studies such as this be encouraged for effective energy planning since energy planning studies are limited in the country
Energy has become the driving force for national infrastructure development, including the socioe... more Energy has become the driving force for national infrastructure development, including the socioeconomic development of every society. Ghana, like many other African countries, formulated developmental policies to attain middle-income status in the medium term. Socioeconomic growth comes with an upsurge in electricity consumption. Ghana seeks to use industrialization to achieve its middle-income target. To achieve this target, there is a need to develop a reliable, sustainable and affordable energy supply in a benign environment. The entry point for Ghana to become a middle-income economy is a cost-effective and reliable electricity supply. Ghana is endowed with fossil fuel, hydro and renewable resources to drive its industrial ambitions, but the indigenous gas fields feeding some thermal plants for electricity production are decreasing and could run out by early 2030 unless new fields are discovered and may also be affected by price volatility. The untapped hydro resources are also...
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Papers by Mark Nyasapoh