Papers by Shankarappa Thyavanahalli
Investigations on preparation of value added nutraceutical products from guava blended with Aloe ... more Investigations on preparation of value added nutraceutical products from guava blended with Aloe vera and roselle (at 70 : 25 : 05 juices) were done by following standard recipes. Prepared products, RTS beverage and nectar were stored for 120 days at ambient temperature to study storage stability and overall acceptability in terms of variation in sugar, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, calcium and iron contents at an interval of 30 days. A panel of 10 judges evaluated the products at the end of 120 days storage for their quality attributes like appearance, flavor, taste and overall acceptability. The RTS beverage prepared with 15% juice, 10 0 B TSS and 0.30% acidity and nectar prepared with 20% juice, 20 0 B TSS and 0.25% acidity were rated as best recipes with highest scores for organoleptic quality. These recipes were recommended for commercial production of RTS beverage and nectar on large scale.
A field experiment was conducted during 2006-2007, Dharwad, to study the influence biogas spent s... more A field experiment was conducted during 2006-2007, Dharwad, to study the influence biogas spent slurry enriched with phosphorus using rock phosphate and phosphate solubilizing bacterial cultures in black clayey soil. Significantly highest was plant height recorded for the treatment 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers and normal BSS (124.07cm) followed by 75 per cent RDF and 25 per cent P-enriched BSS. The stem girth and head diameter were found to be significantly different for the P-enriched BSS, where PSB-D1 performed better than TNAU-2. The yield attributes viz., head weight, thousand seed weight and grain yield were significant in the same treatment enriched with PSB-D1. A matching trend was observed with respect to shoot N and P concentration. Similarly, the population of rhizosphere microflora viz., bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, free living nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers were found to be highest at flowering stage and thereafter decreased at harvest.
Value added product, nectar was prepared by using three medicinal plant extracts namely, shatavir... more Value added product, nectar was prepared by using three medicinal plant extracts namely, shatavira, aloe and mango ginger. The nectar having 20% juice concentration possessing extracts of all the three medicinal plants at 50:40:10 ratios respectively and acidity of 0.5% showed good quality attributes for pH, total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar and total sugar contents and also the sensory evaluation showed highest overall acceptability of 4.53 out of 10 point scale indicating possibilities of exploring the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties of the medicinal plants in the product.
Induction of variability using mutagens have been used for long by breeders A mutated cell in a m... more Induction of variability using mutagens have been used for long by breeders A mutated cell in a mass of callus have a larger chance of surviving competition with other cells. The majority of the mutants produced will be solid if shoots are regenerated from a repeated subculture of mutated callus. Hence, mutation studies in papaya were conducted with callus and soot tips. Friable callus was induced from seedling derived shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 6.0 mg/l of BAP and 2.0 mg/l of IAA. Survival percentage of callus decreased and growth was retarded with increase in gamma ray dosage. It was 81.88 per cent with control while 4 kR gamma irradiation recorded the least survival percentage (21.25%). LD 50 was found to be 2.75 kR. Callus treated with colchicine showed reduced survival percentage with increase in concentration and duration of colchicine treatment. It was least at 0.1 per cent colchicine (37.50 %) and the highest (78.75 %) with control. Colchicine treatment for 40 m with 0.1 per cent concentration recorded least (33.75) survival percentage. LD 50 for colchicine treatment of callus was estimated to be 0.05 per cent for 20 minute treatment and 0.027 per cent for 40 minute treatment. Irradiation of shoot tips on multiplication medium (MS + 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.6 mg/l BAM) stimulated call us initiation from the cut end of the shoot apices at lower doses (0.5, 1 and 3 kR) which decreased with increase in gamma rays dosage, but in control and 4 kR treatment it was nil. LD 50 was found to be 3 kR. Irradiation of shoot tips also reduced the survival percentage of shoot tips which decreased with increase in gamma ray dosage. In the control 90% of the shoot tips survived while in 4 kR treatment it was 20%. Significant difference was noticed in multiple shoot production with the lower dose (0.5 kR) which stimulated the production of more number of multiple shoot (6.25) compared to control (3.38) and 4 kR (2.25).
An investigation was carried out to develop squash and syrup beverages from muskmelon by blending... more An investigation was carried out to develop squash and syrup beverages from muskmelon by blending it with pomegranate. The squash prepared with 35% blended juice (80% muskmelon and 20% pomegranate juice), 45 0 B TSS and 1% acidity and syrup prepared with 50% blended juice (50 % muskmelon and 50% pomegranate juice), 65 0 B TSS and 1.5% acidity had recorded the highest scores for their sensory quality up to four months storage period evaluated During the four months of storage TSS, pH, viscosity, reducing sugar and total sugars had increased in the products while non-reducing sugar, acidity and ascorbic acid content had decreased. The product was free from spoilage during storage.
The use of commercial cellulase enzyme with 15 U per g concentration along with -glucosidase and... more The use of commercial cellulase enzyme with 15 U per g concentration along with -glucosidase and Xylanase enzymes at 10 and 5 U per g, respectively on alkali pre-treated substrates (Sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane tops, sugarcane trash, corn husk and corn stover) at 5% substrate concentration was found to be optimum for higher saccharification. This combination produced significantly the highest reducing sugars release and per cent saccharification respectively in sugarcane bagasse (655.32 mg g -1 and 93.17%), sugarcane tops (615.23 mg g -1 and 90.33%), sugarcane trash (576.28 mg g -1 and 84.61%), corn husk (555.30 mg g -1 and 80.61%) and in corn stover (550.37 mg g -1 and 80.80%) in 12 h incubation period. The use of 20 U per g commercial cellulase enzyme concentration along with -glucosidase (10 IU g -1 ) and Xylanase (5 U g -1 ) or extension of incubation period up to 24 h stood on par with 15 U per g commercial cellulase enzyme concentration along with -glucosidase (10 IU g -1 ) and Xylanase (5 U g -1 ) and 12 h incubation in releasing the reducing sugars. 8 peeling cellulose chains from the microcrystalline structure. The β-Glucosidases hydrolyze soluble cellodextrins and cellobiose to glucose. Therefore, in this study, the abundantly available agroresidues which are outside the human food viz. sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane tops, sugarcane trash, corn husk and corn stover were pretreated with alkali for delignification followed by enzymatic saccharification using commercial cellulase enzymes to recover fermentable sugars to be subjected for alcohol fermentation.
Creation of variability is a prerequisite for crop improvement in any plant breeding programmed. ... more Creation of variability is a prerequisite for crop improvement in any plant breeding programmed. Spontaneous mutations have played an important role in the improvement certain characters in some of the fruit crops. Induction of variability using physical mutagen, gamma rays has been used for long time by breeders. Induction of variability in two cultivars of papaya viz. Coorg Honey Dew and Sunrise Solo was tried using gamma rays. The seeds pretreated with 100 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA) were subjected to acute gamma irradiation with a dose rate of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kR. Gamma rays significantly influenced the number of days taken for germination, germination and survival percentage, number of leaves, seedling height, total chlorophyll content, stomatal number, length and breadth in both the varieties of papaya. Irradiation of seeds with gamma rays pretreated with GA reduced chromosomal aberrations in the M1 generation. The chromosomal bridge and laggard were noticed as anaphase aberration.
Alcoholic fermentation of pomegranate to extract the compounds into pomegranate wine and the effe... more Alcoholic fermentation of pomegranate to extract the compounds into pomegranate wine and the effect of different concentrations of sugar on extractability of pomegranate compounds was attempted. Pomegranate wine prepared from unmarketable cultivar of Kesar by Saccharomyces cerevisiae var ellipsoideus (USD 522) with arils in presence 40°B sugar syrup and 7.5 per cent pomegranaterind powder gave best results for TSS (15.07°B), ascorbic acid (12.77 mg/100 ml), alcohol (13.54%), tannin (71.60 mg/ 100 ml) and anti oxidant (1307.60 mg AAE / 100 ml) contents over other wine formulations at the end of 90 days storage, also this wine gave best results for organoleptic characters.
Five agro-residues namely sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane tops, sugarcane trash, corn husk and corn ... more Five agro-residues namely sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane tops, sugarcane trash, corn husk and corn stover of particle size 0.5 mm was subjected for alkali pretreatment, 3.0% NaOH for 8 hours under ambient condition followed by autoclaving at 121 0 C, 15 lbs pressure for 1h. The residue obtained after the treatment was subjected for saccharification using five proven cellulolytic fungal cultures at different inoculums levels and incubation periods. The inoculation of Trichoderma reesei fungus at 4% under solid state fermentation had produced maximum amounts of reducing sugars and per cent saccharification in 6 days in pretreated substrates viz. sugarcane bagasse (173.33 mg g -1 and 24.64%), sugarcane tops (171.39 mg g -1 and 25.16%), sugarcane trash (180.50 mg g -1 and 26.50%), corn husk (185.84 mg g -1 and 26.98%) and corn stover (182.98 mg g -1 and 26.87%).
Disease surveys were conducted to appraise the incidence and severity of major leaf diseases of r... more Disease surveys were conducted to appraise the incidence and severity of major leaf diseases of rubber in the non-traditional rubber growing areas of South India. Abnormal leaf fall (ALF) disease caused by Phytophthora sp., powdery mildew (PM) caused by Oidium heveae, colletotrichum leaf spot (CLS) caused by Colletotrichum spp and corynespora leaf fall (CLF) caused by Corynespora cassiicola were the disease included in the study. The study revealed that ALF, PM and CLS occured consistently in almost all the plantations surveyed, while CLF was not so wide spread in hilly areas. In Subramanya, Puttur, Belthangady, Kundapura and Sullia areas the incidences of both CLS and CLF occurred to aggravate the damage. Observations on incidence of diseases on different clones revealed that the clones, RRIM 600 and GT 1 suffered severely from ALF and PM diseases where as RRH 105 from CLF and CLS diseases.
A study was condicted to know the effect of different sugar concentrations to extract beneficial ... more A study was condicted to know the effect of different sugar concentrations to extract beneficial properties of aonla by alcoholic fermentation in three successive fermentations. The study indicates that 24 o B TSS sugar syrup was found to extract maximum amounts of tannins (35.25 to 26.50 mg/100 ml) and antoxidants (1306.05 to 1259.74 mg AAE L -1 ) from the aonla wine. This particular treatment also resulted in the maximum production of alcohol (13.73 to 12.06%), however the alcohol production was significantly less in the first batch of fermentation compared to second and third batches. The titrable acidity (0.69 to 0.58%) and ascorbic acid (341.81 to 263.77 mg/100 ml) con-tents were also optimum in the aonla wine prepared with 24 o B TSS sugar syrup under three successive fermentations.
Accepted A study was conducted to know the impact of fungicides on shelf life of mango with an ob... more Accepted A study was conducted to know the impact of fungicides on shelf life of mango with an objective to reduce the postharvest losses. The investigation consisted of postharvest dip of fruits with different chemicals and their foemulations during mango growing seasons of 2011 and 2012. Postharvest treatments revealed that fruit dipped in Difenconazole at 0.2 per cent for 5 minutes in hot water (52 o C) resulted in minimum percentage disease index (PDI) of 3.52 and 3.19 per cent. The treatment showed the highest value of fruit firmness of 5.33 and 5.50 kg/cm 2 with minimum physiological loss in weight (PLW) of 8.28 and 7.95 and maximum shelf life of 17 days. The fruits had acidity percentage of 0.36 and 0.34, maximum sugar content of 13.13 and 13.20 per cent and gave maximum organoleptic scores with significant results.
Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease incited by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk & Curt) is the major ... more Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease incited by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk & Curt) is the major constraints to rubber growing countries. As part of integrated disease management, the impact of ground application of herbicide and fungicide to reduce the inoculum load in rubber plantation was studied. The study revealed that ground application of herbicide and fungicide was not effective for management or suppression of inoculum of Corynespora leaf fall disease in the rubber plantation. The disease intensity ranged from 58.00 to 59.25% in the first season, 55.00 to 59.00 and 60.50 to 61.25% during the second and third seasons respectively. The leaf fall ranged from 419 to 432, 416 to 423 and 444 to 467 numbers per M 2 during first, second and third disease seasons respectively. Number of fungal spore catch per cm 3 did not differ much, conversely the plots treated with weedicide along with fungicide recorded less number of spores movement at just above ground level (H 1 ), but did not show any significant collision on the disease development at canopy level.
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Papers by Shankarappa Thyavanahalli