Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Apr 30, 2024
La extinción de 1er orden en la transición Devónico/ Carbonífer, concoida como la Crisis Hangenbe... more La extinción de 1er orden en la transición Devónico/ Carbonífer, concoida como la Crisis Hangenberg, se caracteriza por ciclos mayores transgresivos/ regresivos, los cuales llevaron a una extensa anoxia oceánica durante el Evento Hangenberg de Lutita Negra, así como a un decenso global del nivel del mar y el depósito regresivo equivalente
Kale-Sardar section is located at the vicinity of Niaz village, 15 kilometers east of Tabas town.... more Kale-Sardar section is located at the vicinity of Niaz village, 15 kilometers east of Tabas town. This section consists of 80 m thick and from Late Devonian deposits as known as Shishtu formation that upper part of this section has cut by a fault by Frasnian's deposits. The entire studied thickness is subdivided into 12 lithostratigraphic units and in order to study of 26 samples systematically were collected, 105 conodont elements, 27 species and subspecies belonging to 7 genera were recognized, that due to these revealed conodont elements, Shishtu formation's age in the studied section spans from Eifelian to late Frasnian. The Frasnian-Famennian bio event in studied section is located between two intervals linguiformis Zone and Lower to Middle triangularis zones, which is located at the top of the dark Frasnian shales and at the base of the thin limestones of the Famennian layer. The microfacies determined in studied section according to study of 62 thin section are subdivided into siliciclastic-carbonate and carbonate facies, which were deposited from the shore to the deep part of the marine environment. Gradual changes in facies within stratigraphical sequence, sedimentological hiatus due to sudden change in sedimentary environment's slope, absence of reef facies (related to Wilson's 5th facies zone) and presence of discontinuous bioclastic barrier (existence of semi-enclosed lagoon), convey that studied sediments were deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp.
The Lower Red Formation, cropping out in Central Iran, overlies unconformably the Eocene volcanic... more The Lower Red Formation, cropping out in Central Iran, overlies unconformably the Eocene volcanic rocks and is overlain by the Qom Formation of Late Oligocene-Early Miocene age, usually with an angular unconformity that is difficult to identify (Morley et al., 2009). The age of the Lower Red Formation is dated as Early Oligocene (Khaksar and Maghfouri-Moghadam, 2007; Mohammadi, 2021). After the Late Eocene collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates the cessation of major arc volcanism is observed (Allen and Armstrong, 2008). During this time, Central Iran underwent broad subsidence, leading to the deposition of the Lower Red and Qom formations. The thickness of the Lower Red Formation is from 300 to 1,000 m. It is very variable in lithology, both laterally and vertically, being
Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches, 2017
Introduction In the Lower Devonian, western parts of Iran were almost out of the water while cent... more Introduction In the Lower Devonian, western parts of Iran were almost out of the water while central and East Iran and Eastern Alborz have covered by the shallow marine to continental facies. The Central Alborz, Lot and part of central Afghanistan have provided sediment supplements to lower Devonian shallow environments (Weddige, 1984a, 1984b). Padeha, Sibzar and Bahram formations are the representative of The Middle – Late Devonian deposits of Central Iran which Bahram formation more or less corresponds to the Khoshyeilaq and Jeiroud formations in Central and Eastern Alborz. Devonian deposits in Kuh-e-Raza-abad located at the northern border of Central Iranian structural unit that lithologicaly has similarities with Bahram formation in central Iran except the evaporate unit which is characteristics of the Kuh-e-Reza-abad section (Alavi-Naini, 1972; Wendt et al., 2005). Middle-Upper Devonian carbonate-evaporate deposits of Bahram Formation in Kuh-e-Reza-Abad section (SW Damghan), ha...
The decapod crustacean Retrocypoda almelai Via Boada, 1959 is reported from Bartonian (middle Eoc... more The decapod crustacean Retrocypoda almelai Via Boada, 1959 is reported from Bartonian (middle Eocene) strata of Soh (North of Isfahan, Iran) and represents the most oriental record for the species, hitherto considered endemic and restricted to the western margin of Tethys. This finding is important to understand the paleobiogeographic distribution of retroplumid crabs, which were abundant during Late Cretaceous in America and Africa, but today their representatives are restricted to the Indopacific region.
Many sections are known from Iran which exhibit sediments across the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C)... more Many sections are known from Iran which exhibit sediments across the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) boundary. In contrast to the majority of published D-C sections worldwide from pelagic/hemipelagic environments, successions in Iran are mainly composed of shallow-water sediments. Correlation with hemipelagic or pelagic palaeoenvironments remains difficult due to biostratigraphic uncertainties in most sections and/or hiatuses. On the other hand, a limited number of sections dealing with shallow-water facies settings in Iran at this particular time period are known and further research is necessary. Several sections in the Alborz Mountains provide an excellent opportunity to study successions across the D-C boundary in shallow-water facies. In Iran, protognathoids are represented byProtognathodus meischneriandProtognathodus collinsoni. The two biostratigraphically important protognathoids (Protognathodus kuehniandProtognathodus kockeli) were not reported or did not occur for the first t...
The Givetian to Famennian (Middle-Upper Devonian) Bahram Formation deposits (Bondar and Shahzadeh... more The Givetian to Famennian (Middle-Upper Devonian) Bahram Formation deposits (Bondar and Shahzadeh Mohammad sections) in the Kerman region, Central Iran were sampled for conodonts. The conodonts were described, their distribution investigated, and the studied sections were correlated. In the previous conodont-based papers, the age of the Bahram Formation in the Kerman region was from the upper Givetian hermanni Zone to the middle Famennian Uppermost marginifera Zone (Middle to Late Devonian). However, the new results of this study show that the Bondar section spans from the middle Givetian ansatus Zone to the upper Famennian (middle part of the Middle expansa Zone=Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus Zone) and the Shahzadeh Mohammad section spans from the middle Givetian ansatus Zone to the lower Famennian (Uppermost crepida=Palmatolepis glabra pectinata) Zone. In both of the studied sections, the Givetian/Frasnian boundary has been identified by the first occurrence of Ancyrodella rotundiloba pristina, but there is no obvious (sedimentological or biostratigraphic) evidence to define the Frasnian/Famennian boundary.
Four sections of mainly Middle Devonian (Givetian) shallow-marine rocks at the northern margin of... more Four sections of mainly Middle Devonian (Givetian) shallow-marine rocks at the northern margin of Gondwana (Central Iran) were investigated with a special focus on the Bahram Formation, as the stratigraphic range of the Bahram Formation is uncertain and still under discussion. Generally, the Bahram Formation is discontinuously underlain by the Lower Devonian Padeha Formation and disconformably overlain by the Permian Jamal Formation. Conodont communities from the four sections in the Soh area (Najhaf and Neqeleh sections) and the Natanz area (Varcamar and North Tar sections) were investigated. The most widely applied conodont standard zonation of the Upper Givetian contain taxa characteristic of deeper shelf facies whereas conodont fauna of the investigated sections mainly show affinities to shallow-marine environments. Shallow-water conodont associations corresponding to the expansus Zone and subterminus Zone are described from Central Iran for the first time, whereas the vast majority of icriodontid and polygnathid faunas were reported from shallow-marine carbonates around Laurussia (e.g. North America, and Europe). Thirty-six species and subspecies were assigned to five genera (Ancyrodella, Bipennatus, Icriodus, Polygnathus and Pandorinellina). The sedimentological record is characterised by remarkable lateral facies changes, but in the upper part of the Givetian, a general transgressive trend is obvious due to the dominance of limestones and small biostromes.
Streszczenie angielskie: Two successions of Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in Central Iran yield... more Streszczenie angielskie: Two successions of Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in Central Iran yielded ammonoid assemblages from one horizon each. In the Ramsheh section, a siltstone with Neoglyphioceras yazdii n. sp. and Dombarites can be assigned to the latest Visean. The assemblage from the Shesh Angosht Mountain is more diverse with species of the genera Proshumardites, Eumorphoceras, Homoceras, Glaphyrites, Syngastrioceras, and Dombarocanites. This is the first time that the co-occurrence of the genera Eumorphoceras ...
The study presents new records of brachiopods from the Lower Miocene deposits of the Qom Formatio... more The study presents new records of brachiopods from the Lower Miocene deposits of the Qom Formation from two sections, Bagh and Ramsheh in the Isfahan province, Central Iran. Three species, i.e. Argyrotheca bitnerae, Joania cordata, and Platidia anomioides, have been identified in the investigated material. All species are present in the Bagh section whereas in the material from Ramsheh A. bitnerae was not found. Although the species recognized here were already described from the Miocene of the Qom Formation, this is their first report from the localities of Bagh and Ramsheh, providing new data on the distribution of brachiopods in the Cenozoic of Iran.
Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, May 15, 2014
Background and aims: Studies have indicated that consanguineous marriage could cause the possibil... more Background and aims: Studies have indicated that consanguineous marriage could cause the possibility of several problems in motor development. The aim of this study was to compare motor development of male and female children with consanguineous and in-law parents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, motor development of 15 four-and five-year-old children and 15 eight-and nine-year-old children with consanguineous parents was compared with that of 15 four-and five-year-old children and 15 eight-and nine-year-old children with in-law parents, who were enrolled from four elementary schools for boys and girls and 15 kindergartens of Arak County per multistage cluster sampling. To measure motor development, test of gross motor development (Ulrich-2) and to analyze the data, independent t test were used. Results: Among manipulative and movement skills and gross motor development of four-to five-year-old boys and girls, motor development and movement and manipulative skills of eightto nine-year-old boys, and movement skills of eight-to nine-year-old girls with consanguineous and in-law parents, there was no significant difference (P>0.05), but motor development and manipulative skills of eight-to nine-year-old girls with in-law parents were better than those of the children with consanguineous parents (P>0.05). Conclusion: As motor development and manipulative skills of in-law parents' daughters were higher than those of consanguineous parents', it could be said that consanguineous marriage could have impact on the children's motor development. To further clarify the effect rate of this type of marriages on motor development, it is recommended to investigate the effect of consanguineous marriage of parents in the area of athletics.
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 2019
A study of bryozoans and brachiopods from the Varton, Zefreh and Kuh-e-Charkheh sections from the... more A study of bryozoans and brachiopods from the Varton, Zefreh and Kuh-e-Charkheh sections from the Esfahan-Sirjan fore-arc basin of the Qom Formation of Central Iran has yielded 30 bryozoan taxa, including one new species Gigantopora vartonensis, and six brachiopod species. Both assemblages co-occur with large oyster shells with some of the ventral valves of brachiopods directly attached to their shells. The paleoenvironment is interpreted as an oyster bank ('oyster reef') in shallow, tropical-subtropical marine waters, producing cryptic habitats for other groups of organisms.
Five species of brachyuran Crustacea from the Middle Miocene are described from the Guri Member o... more Five species of brachyuran Crustacea from the Middle Miocene are described from the Guri Member of the Mishan Formation in southwestern Iran. The species include the leucosioids Leucosia persica; Seulosia sp. cf. S. rhomboidalis; Myra sp.; the portunoid Portunus withersi and the xanthid Demania ahramensis n. sp. The paleobiogeographic affinities of these genera reinforce previous interpretations of a wide distribution between the Persian Gulf and the Indopacific regions.
Fossil insects are very rarely found in sediments of deep marine origin. Nevertheless they can be... more Fossil insects are very rarely found in sediments of deep marine origin. Nevertheless they can be of great interest to trace past events such as trans-oceanic migrations. Here we document the first fossil insects from Iran, viz. several alate ants dead during mating swarms and a migratory locust, found in the pelagic Oligocene sediments of the Zagros Mountains. This locust represents the first putative indication of insect migrations between the Arabian-African and Asiatic continents through the Parathetys, probably in relation with the development of open grassland biotas in these areas.
The record of conodonts related to the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary interval was investig... more The record of conodonts related to the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary interval was investigated in four sections in Central Iran from two different structural units. Two sections from the Sanandaj-Sirjan trend zone (Asad-abad, and Darchaleh sections) and two from the East-Central Iran Microplate (Shesh-angosht and Kale-Sardar sections) exhibit a nearly complete record previously described across the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary in Iran. The investigated sections can be subdivided in three formations (Ghaleh-, Absheni-, and Zaluda Formation) which belong to the Sardar Group. The mid-Carboniferous boundary was defined by the occurrence of Declinognathus noduliferus s.l.. Bio-event characteristics of the Carboniferous conodont fauna (Mississippian genera Gnathodus and Lochriea have been replaced by Pennsylvanian genera Declinognathus and Idiognathodus) as well as sedimentological changes within overall shallow water deposits were located approximately 33°S of the paleoequator and suggest sea-level changes within the framework of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Furthermore, a widespread crinoid marker horizon previously described from two localities in Iran can be subdivided into three units of different ages.
A rich and diverse conodont fauna from upper Frasnian and lower-middle Famennian strata in three ... more A rich and diverse conodont fauna from upper Frasnian and lower-middle Famennian strata in three sections-Ghale-kalaghu, Howz-e-dorah 1 and Howz-e-dorah 2-in the southern Shotori Range of central Iran contains forty-five taxa belonging to eight genera, dominated by icriodids and polygnathids, from the Lower rhenana Zone to the velifer Zone (= Uppermost marginifera Zone). A hiatus is documented across the Frasnian/Famennian boundary that possibly includes the Upper rhenana to the Middle triangularis Zone.
Funginella? isfahanensis n. sp. is a new nominal solitary scleractiniid coral from the upper Albi... more Funginella? isfahanensis n. sp. is a new nominal solitary scleractiniid coral from the upper Albian of Iran. Its dimensions, associated sedimentary facies and descriptions, all conform to those of the four specimens described as "
The Zefreh section in central Iran represents a carbonate ramp succession with a general shallow-... more The Zefreh section in central Iran represents a carbonate ramp succession with a general shallow-marine palaeoenvironment. This section represents most of the Bahram Formation (Givetian to at least Middle falsiovalis Zone) and consists of a very heterogeneous succession of medium-to coarse-grained sandstones, skeletal pack-to grainstones with local biostromes, massive or laminated dolostones, and shales. Microfacies analysis allowed the discrimination of 12 microfacies reflecting supratidal to open marine palaeoenvironments. The shallow-marine environment was investigated using facies analysis and geochemical proxies. Redox conditions in the Zefreh section appear to be primarily oxic and support the facies and sedimentological results. The provenance of the Zefreh sediments using La, Sc, Zr, and Th indicates that they are most likely derived from continental arc volcanics which is consistent with the preliminary tectonic interpretations. Conodonts and brachiopods were used for establishing the biostratigraphical framework. The lack of important zonal index taxa of the widely applied conodont standard zonation requires the application of an alternative shallow-marine conodont zonation. Based on conodont and brachiopod data, the Zefreh section covers sediments ranging from the upper Givetian to lower Frasnian. Keywords Sedimentology. Facies. Geochemistry. Givetian/Frasnian boundary. Shallow-marine environment. Northern Gondwana This article is a contribution to the special issue BClimate change and biodiversity patterns in the mid-PalaeozoicÊ lectronic supplementary material The online version of this article
Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Apr 30, 2024
La extinción de 1er orden en la transición Devónico/ Carbonífer, concoida como la Crisis Hangenbe... more La extinción de 1er orden en la transición Devónico/ Carbonífer, concoida como la Crisis Hangenberg, se caracteriza por ciclos mayores transgresivos/ regresivos, los cuales llevaron a una extensa anoxia oceánica durante el Evento Hangenberg de Lutita Negra, así como a un decenso global del nivel del mar y el depósito regresivo equivalente
Kale-Sardar section is located at the vicinity of Niaz village, 15 kilometers east of Tabas town.... more Kale-Sardar section is located at the vicinity of Niaz village, 15 kilometers east of Tabas town. This section consists of 80 m thick and from Late Devonian deposits as known as Shishtu formation that upper part of this section has cut by a fault by Frasnian's deposits. The entire studied thickness is subdivided into 12 lithostratigraphic units and in order to study of 26 samples systematically were collected, 105 conodont elements, 27 species and subspecies belonging to 7 genera were recognized, that due to these revealed conodont elements, Shishtu formation's age in the studied section spans from Eifelian to late Frasnian. The Frasnian-Famennian bio event in studied section is located between two intervals linguiformis Zone and Lower to Middle triangularis zones, which is located at the top of the dark Frasnian shales and at the base of the thin limestones of the Famennian layer. The microfacies determined in studied section according to study of 62 thin section are subdivided into siliciclastic-carbonate and carbonate facies, which were deposited from the shore to the deep part of the marine environment. Gradual changes in facies within stratigraphical sequence, sedimentological hiatus due to sudden change in sedimentary environment's slope, absence of reef facies (related to Wilson's 5th facies zone) and presence of discontinuous bioclastic barrier (existence of semi-enclosed lagoon), convey that studied sediments were deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp.
The Lower Red Formation, cropping out in Central Iran, overlies unconformably the Eocene volcanic... more The Lower Red Formation, cropping out in Central Iran, overlies unconformably the Eocene volcanic rocks and is overlain by the Qom Formation of Late Oligocene-Early Miocene age, usually with an angular unconformity that is difficult to identify (Morley et al., 2009). The age of the Lower Red Formation is dated as Early Oligocene (Khaksar and Maghfouri-Moghadam, 2007; Mohammadi, 2021). After the Late Eocene collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates the cessation of major arc volcanism is observed (Allen and Armstrong, 2008). During this time, Central Iran underwent broad subsidence, leading to the deposition of the Lower Red and Qom formations. The thickness of the Lower Red Formation is from 300 to 1,000 m. It is very variable in lithology, both laterally and vertically, being
Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches, 2017
Introduction In the Lower Devonian, western parts of Iran were almost out of the water while cent... more Introduction In the Lower Devonian, western parts of Iran were almost out of the water while central and East Iran and Eastern Alborz have covered by the shallow marine to continental facies. The Central Alborz, Lot and part of central Afghanistan have provided sediment supplements to lower Devonian shallow environments (Weddige, 1984a, 1984b). Padeha, Sibzar and Bahram formations are the representative of The Middle – Late Devonian deposits of Central Iran which Bahram formation more or less corresponds to the Khoshyeilaq and Jeiroud formations in Central and Eastern Alborz. Devonian deposits in Kuh-e-Raza-abad located at the northern border of Central Iranian structural unit that lithologicaly has similarities with Bahram formation in central Iran except the evaporate unit which is characteristics of the Kuh-e-Reza-abad section (Alavi-Naini, 1972; Wendt et al., 2005). Middle-Upper Devonian carbonate-evaporate deposits of Bahram Formation in Kuh-e-Reza-Abad section (SW Damghan), ha...
The decapod crustacean Retrocypoda almelai Via Boada, 1959 is reported from Bartonian (middle Eoc... more The decapod crustacean Retrocypoda almelai Via Boada, 1959 is reported from Bartonian (middle Eocene) strata of Soh (North of Isfahan, Iran) and represents the most oriental record for the species, hitherto considered endemic and restricted to the western margin of Tethys. This finding is important to understand the paleobiogeographic distribution of retroplumid crabs, which were abundant during Late Cretaceous in America and Africa, but today their representatives are restricted to the Indopacific region.
Many sections are known from Iran which exhibit sediments across the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C)... more Many sections are known from Iran which exhibit sediments across the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) boundary. In contrast to the majority of published D-C sections worldwide from pelagic/hemipelagic environments, successions in Iran are mainly composed of shallow-water sediments. Correlation with hemipelagic or pelagic palaeoenvironments remains difficult due to biostratigraphic uncertainties in most sections and/or hiatuses. On the other hand, a limited number of sections dealing with shallow-water facies settings in Iran at this particular time period are known and further research is necessary. Several sections in the Alborz Mountains provide an excellent opportunity to study successions across the D-C boundary in shallow-water facies. In Iran, protognathoids are represented byProtognathodus meischneriandProtognathodus collinsoni. The two biostratigraphically important protognathoids (Protognathodus kuehniandProtognathodus kockeli) were not reported or did not occur for the first t...
The Givetian to Famennian (Middle-Upper Devonian) Bahram Formation deposits (Bondar and Shahzadeh... more The Givetian to Famennian (Middle-Upper Devonian) Bahram Formation deposits (Bondar and Shahzadeh Mohammad sections) in the Kerman region, Central Iran were sampled for conodonts. The conodonts were described, their distribution investigated, and the studied sections were correlated. In the previous conodont-based papers, the age of the Bahram Formation in the Kerman region was from the upper Givetian hermanni Zone to the middle Famennian Uppermost marginifera Zone (Middle to Late Devonian). However, the new results of this study show that the Bondar section spans from the middle Givetian ansatus Zone to the upper Famennian (middle part of the Middle expansa Zone=Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus Zone) and the Shahzadeh Mohammad section spans from the middle Givetian ansatus Zone to the lower Famennian (Uppermost crepida=Palmatolepis glabra pectinata) Zone. In both of the studied sections, the Givetian/Frasnian boundary has been identified by the first occurrence of Ancyrodella rotundiloba pristina, but there is no obvious (sedimentological or biostratigraphic) evidence to define the Frasnian/Famennian boundary.
Four sections of mainly Middle Devonian (Givetian) shallow-marine rocks at the northern margin of... more Four sections of mainly Middle Devonian (Givetian) shallow-marine rocks at the northern margin of Gondwana (Central Iran) were investigated with a special focus on the Bahram Formation, as the stratigraphic range of the Bahram Formation is uncertain and still under discussion. Generally, the Bahram Formation is discontinuously underlain by the Lower Devonian Padeha Formation and disconformably overlain by the Permian Jamal Formation. Conodont communities from the four sections in the Soh area (Najhaf and Neqeleh sections) and the Natanz area (Varcamar and North Tar sections) were investigated. The most widely applied conodont standard zonation of the Upper Givetian contain taxa characteristic of deeper shelf facies whereas conodont fauna of the investigated sections mainly show affinities to shallow-marine environments. Shallow-water conodont associations corresponding to the expansus Zone and subterminus Zone are described from Central Iran for the first time, whereas the vast majority of icriodontid and polygnathid faunas were reported from shallow-marine carbonates around Laurussia (e.g. North America, and Europe). Thirty-six species and subspecies were assigned to five genera (Ancyrodella, Bipennatus, Icriodus, Polygnathus and Pandorinellina). The sedimentological record is characterised by remarkable lateral facies changes, but in the upper part of the Givetian, a general transgressive trend is obvious due to the dominance of limestones and small biostromes.
Streszczenie angielskie: Two successions of Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in Central Iran yield... more Streszczenie angielskie: Two successions of Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in Central Iran yielded ammonoid assemblages from one horizon each. In the Ramsheh section, a siltstone with Neoglyphioceras yazdii n. sp. and Dombarites can be assigned to the latest Visean. The assemblage from the Shesh Angosht Mountain is more diverse with species of the genera Proshumardites, Eumorphoceras, Homoceras, Glaphyrites, Syngastrioceras, and Dombarocanites. This is the first time that the co-occurrence of the genera Eumorphoceras ...
The study presents new records of brachiopods from the Lower Miocene deposits of the Qom Formatio... more The study presents new records of brachiopods from the Lower Miocene deposits of the Qom Formation from two sections, Bagh and Ramsheh in the Isfahan province, Central Iran. Three species, i.e. Argyrotheca bitnerae, Joania cordata, and Platidia anomioides, have been identified in the investigated material. All species are present in the Bagh section whereas in the material from Ramsheh A. bitnerae was not found. Although the species recognized here were already described from the Miocene of the Qom Formation, this is their first report from the localities of Bagh and Ramsheh, providing new data on the distribution of brachiopods in the Cenozoic of Iran.
Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, May 15, 2014
Background and aims: Studies have indicated that consanguineous marriage could cause the possibil... more Background and aims: Studies have indicated that consanguineous marriage could cause the possibility of several problems in motor development. The aim of this study was to compare motor development of male and female children with consanguineous and in-law parents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, motor development of 15 four-and five-year-old children and 15 eight-and nine-year-old children with consanguineous parents was compared with that of 15 four-and five-year-old children and 15 eight-and nine-year-old children with in-law parents, who were enrolled from four elementary schools for boys and girls and 15 kindergartens of Arak County per multistage cluster sampling. To measure motor development, test of gross motor development (Ulrich-2) and to analyze the data, independent t test were used. Results: Among manipulative and movement skills and gross motor development of four-to five-year-old boys and girls, motor development and movement and manipulative skills of eightto nine-year-old boys, and movement skills of eight-to nine-year-old girls with consanguineous and in-law parents, there was no significant difference (P>0.05), but motor development and manipulative skills of eight-to nine-year-old girls with in-law parents were better than those of the children with consanguineous parents (P>0.05). Conclusion: As motor development and manipulative skills of in-law parents' daughters were higher than those of consanguineous parents', it could be said that consanguineous marriage could have impact on the children's motor development. To further clarify the effect rate of this type of marriages on motor development, it is recommended to investigate the effect of consanguineous marriage of parents in the area of athletics.
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 2019
A study of bryozoans and brachiopods from the Varton, Zefreh and Kuh-e-Charkheh sections from the... more A study of bryozoans and brachiopods from the Varton, Zefreh and Kuh-e-Charkheh sections from the Esfahan-Sirjan fore-arc basin of the Qom Formation of Central Iran has yielded 30 bryozoan taxa, including one new species Gigantopora vartonensis, and six brachiopod species. Both assemblages co-occur with large oyster shells with some of the ventral valves of brachiopods directly attached to their shells. The paleoenvironment is interpreted as an oyster bank ('oyster reef') in shallow, tropical-subtropical marine waters, producing cryptic habitats for other groups of organisms.
Five species of brachyuran Crustacea from the Middle Miocene are described from the Guri Member o... more Five species of brachyuran Crustacea from the Middle Miocene are described from the Guri Member of the Mishan Formation in southwestern Iran. The species include the leucosioids Leucosia persica; Seulosia sp. cf. S. rhomboidalis; Myra sp.; the portunoid Portunus withersi and the xanthid Demania ahramensis n. sp. The paleobiogeographic affinities of these genera reinforce previous interpretations of a wide distribution between the Persian Gulf and the Indopacific regions.
Fossil insects are very rarely found in sediments of deep marine origin. Nevertheless they can be... more Fossil insects are very rarely found in sediments of deep marine origin. Nevertheless they can be of great interest to trace past events such as trans-oceanic migrations. Here we document the first fossil insects from Iran, viz. several alate ants dead during mating swarms and a migratory locust, found in the pelagic Oligocene sediments of the Zagros Mountains. This locust represents the first putative indication of insect migrations between the Arabian-African and Asiatic continents through the Parathetys, probably in relation with the development of open grassland biotas in these areas.
The record of conodonts related to the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary interval was investig... more The record of conodonts related to the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary interval was investigated in four sections in Central Iran from two different structural units. Two sections from the Sanandaj-Sirjan trend zone (Asad-abad, and Darchaleh sections) and two from the East-Central Iran Microplate (Shesh-angosht and Kale-Sardar sections) exhibit a nearly complete record previously described across the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary in Iran. The investigated sections can be subdivided in three formations (Ghaleh-, Absheni-, and Zaluda Formation) which belong to the Sardar Group. The mid-Carboniferous boundary was defined by the occurrence of Declinognathus noduliferus s.l.. Bio-event characteristics of the Carboniferous conodont fauna (Mississippian genera Gnathodus and Lochriea have been replaced by Pennsylvanian genera Declinognathus and Idiognathodus) as well as sedimentological changes within overall shallow water deposits were located approximately 33°S of the paleoequator and suggest sea-level changes within the framework of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Furthermore, a widespread crinoid marker horizon previously described from two localities in Iran can be subdivided into three units of different ages.
A rich and diverse conodont fauna from upper Frasnian and lower-middle Famennian strata in three ... more A rich and diverse conodont fauna from upper Frasnian and lower-middle Famennian strata in three sections-Ghale-kalaghu, Howz-e-dorah 1 and Howz-e-dorah 2-in the southern Shotori Range of central Iran contains forty-five taxa belonging to eight genera, dominated by icriodids and polygnathids, from the Lower rhenana Zone to the velifer Zone (= Uppermost marginifera Zone). A hiatus is documented across the Frasnian/Famennian boundary that possibly includes the Upper rhenana to the Middle triangularis Zone.
Funginella? isfahanensis n. sp. is a new nominal solitary scleractiniid coral from the upper Albi... more Funginella? isfahanensis n. sp. is a new nominal solitary scleractiniid coral from the upper Albian of Iran. Its dimensions, associated sedimentary facies and descriptions, all conform to those of the four specimens described as "
The Zefreh section in central Iran represents a carbonate ramp succession with a general shallow-... more The Zefreh section in central Iran represents a carbonate ramp succession with a general shallow-marine palaeoenvironment. This section represents most of the Bahram Formation (Givetian to at least Middle falsiovalis Zone) and consists of a very heterogeneous succession of medium-to coarse-grained sandstones, skeletal pack-to grainstones with local biostromes, massive or laminated dolostones, and shales. Microfacies analysis allowed the discrimination of 12 microfacies reflecting supratidal to open marine palaeoenvironments. The shallow-marine environment was investigated using facies analysis and geochemical proxies. Redox conditions in the Zefreh section appear to be primarily oxic and support the facies and sedimentological results. The provenance of the Zefreh sediments using La, Sc, Zr, and Th indicates that they are most likely derived from continental arc volcanics which is consistent with the preliminary tectonic interpretations. Conodonts and brachiopods were used for establishing the biostratigraphical framework. The lack of important zonal index taxa of the widely applied conodont standard zonation requires the application of an alternative shallow-marine conodont zonation. Based on conodont and brachiopod data, the Zefreh section covers sediments ranging from the upper Givetian to lower Frasnian. Keywords Sedimentology. Facies. Geochemistry. Givetian/Frasnian boundary. Shallow-marine environment. Northern Gondwana This article is a contribution to the special issue BClimate change and biodiversity patterns in the mid-PalaeozoicÊ lectronic supplementary material The online version of this article
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