Papers by mohd shafie bakar
An Implementation of Sliding Mode Voltage Control Controlled Buck-Boost Converter for Solar Application
Total Harmonic Distortion Study for Improvement of AC-AC Converter Under Buck-Type
Lecture notes in electrical engineering, 2023
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
This research was conducted to compare the epistemological beliefs of two lecturers in teaching E... more This research was conducted to compare the epistemological beliefs of two lecturers in teaching Electromagnetic Theory course. The two lecturers were selected based on their experiences in teaching the course at a University in Malaysia. A series of interviews were conducted, audio recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed using thematic analysis approach. The research found that based on the Yu and Strobel framework of the epistemological beliefs, only a few items within the constructs were undefined and most of the items meet the learning environments.
Asean Journal of Engineering Education, 2021
Epistemology is a branch of philosophy, a study of how a person knows and knowing. Engineering ep... more Epistemology is a branch of philosophy, a study of how a person knows and knowing. Engineering epistemology is one of the new disciplines in engineering education research. Unfortunately, little research has been done on engineering education. In this paper, epistemology is discussed in the general context then, specifically for the engineering education context. Furthermore, the engineering epistemology framework and instrument to investigate engineering epistemology among engineering educators and students have been presented. Theory for knowledge development has been discussed in general and how that developmental model is important for higher education. Finally, epistemology in teaching and learning has been introduced in the context of engineering educators and engineering students. In summary, engineering educators’ epistemology will shape future engineers based on their class design. Therefore, developing engineering students from dualists to commitments of the relativist is ...
A Robust Driver for RGB LEDs
2018 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability (ICIAfS), 2018
For running applications based on RGB LEDs, a dc-dc buck converter associated with linear control... more For running applications based on RGB LEDs, a dc-dc buck converter associated with linear control is mostly used to manage the constant current of LED. In this paper, the driver to run RGB LEDs gives 180 mA constant outputs current and a PWM control scheme has been utilized, which determines the desired brightness levels with a dimming frequency of 10000 Hz. Previously there used to be a dimming option for dimming each array of LED color, through the dimming controller circuit; approximately 93%, 90% 93% efficiencies, were found for the green, red and blue color LEDs' arrays respectively. A digital controller based on PID controller has been created, with the option of using digital dimming by using current mirroring with a transistor (for the intent of switching system). The proposed LED driver system contains the constant source of current to maintain the small drive voltage across the LEDs which lead in the reduction of power dissipation in the transistor, i.e., NPN, which eventually increases the efficiency of the whole system in return. With the application of the 12V supply voltage, the efficiencies of RGB LEDs are found up to 98.94%, 99.37%, and 99.37% correspondingly.
2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), 2017
This paper presents an approach to determine the maximum power point (MPP) in photovoltaic (PV) s... more This paper presents an approach to determine the maximum power point (MPP) in photovoltaic (PV) system under partial shaded conditions using Binary Search Algorithm (BSA). The BSA perform MPP tracking by changing the search boundaries to eliminate the region where the MPP cannot lie. In this study, the BSA and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based MPPT were developed in Matlab Simulink with a DC/DC boost converter. Both algorithms were simulated under ten different test cases of partial shading conditions to study the accuracy, speed and tracking efficiency. BSA exhibits a fast convergence with zero steady state oscillation along with the capability of performing MPP tracking under partially shaded PV system.
This paper proposes a modified hysteresis current control method for half bridge bidirectional DC... more This paper proposes a modified hysteresis current control method for half bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter (HBDC). Hysteresis current controller is modified by adding logic circuit at input signal S1 and S2 to change performance of inductor current, IL. According to current direction transition, IL stays at zero in a moment. It is happens when Irefp is crossing zero and continues bouncing when Irefm is crossing zero. This method is applied to reduce loss in HBDC performance, which as a result will achieve reduction in switching losses and conduction losses. The conduction losses and switching losses has been analyzed which conduction losses has slight changes in losses reduction and switching losses is reduce from 6.31 J to 4.53 J. The proposed hysteresis current controller was simulated using PSIM and the losses is verify on each switching changes. The result validated proposed hysteresis current control capability in losses reduction.
This paper presents the application of controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) for real-time stud... more This paper presents the application of controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) for real-time study of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm in solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The testing platform in this study which consist of three series connected PV modules together with a DC/DC boost converter were modelled and implemented using Tyhoon HIL-402. For the MPPT controller, a conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and a well-established particle swarm optimization (PSO) based MPPT algorithm are developed and implemented in a digital signal processor. The performance of both algorithms were examined under real-time working condition with 10 different partial shaded test cases. From the study, the P&O shows a faster convergence speed which it can track for maximum power point rapidly up to 0.5070Â s compared to the fastest tracking of PSO at 1.3598 s. However, PSO shows a greater capability in tracking for true maximum power point under partial shaded conditions with average out...
Matrix Converter (MC) fundamentals and operation is described throughout this paper. This covers ... more Matrix Converter (MC) fundamentals and operation is described throughout this paper. This covers topological characteristics, MC types and basics of operation, implementation of discrete semiconductors as bidirectional switches, commercially available bidirectional switches modules packaging, bidirectional switches commutation schemes based on current and voltage direction as well as modulations strategies of MC based on related publications.
Impedance-source network or known as Z-source network is an X form coupling of the two-port netwo... more Impedance-source network or known as Z-source network is an X form coupling of the two-port network consists of two inductors and two capacitors. The Z-source network is connected to the input of the H-bridge inverter forming into a Z-source inverter (ZSI). The attributes of ZSI that overcome the conventional inverter, which their accessible of output voltage range in the conventional inverter is restricted to either greater or smaller than the input voltage. This quickly brought interest to the academicians and industry since its inception, a lot of research and development were carried out to improve the existing topology, proposing a new driving scheme, developing control loop and implementing new application. On the other hand, in three-phase inverter operation, the six-step modes of pulse width modulation (PWM) produce the low-frequency torque ripple. Since the lowest frequency torque ripple harmonic in an n-phase machine is caused by the time harmonics of the supply of the ord...
2018 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability (ICIAfS), 2018
A new grid topology has benefitted to the consumers and also utility indirectly, which is called ... more A new grid topology has benefitted to the consumers and also utility indirectly, which is called micro grid. It uses renewable energy sources as distributed generations to distribute the electricity directly to the consumer. This can provide a management system for replying the demand from the consumer, and dual communication system between consumer and utility. In this paper, the demand response management system is developed and simulated by adopting a fuzzy control system. The simulation is performed using the dynamic pricing and energy consumption as the inputs for implementing the demand response. The comparison results between the energy consumption before and after participation in the demand response program are presented.
4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference (CEAT 2016), 2016
Photovoltaic (PV) system has been widely used as one of the renewable energy resources. Due to th... more Photovoltaic (PV) system has been widely used as one of the renewable energy resources. Due to the non-linear I-V characteristic and changes of the external environment and load, the output power of the PV array varies according to different situation. Hence, the maximum power point (MPP) tracking technology is necessary to be implemented in order to track for the only MPP on the P-V curve to increase the energy harness from the PV array. In this study, two commonly used MPPT algorithm, perturb and observe and incremental conductance were developed in Matlab Simulink with a boost DC-DC converter to study the accuracy, speed and tracking efficiency under STC, slow changing irradiance condition and step changing irradiance condition. Comparative studies shows that modified incremental conductance is able to track MPP faster and more efficiently under fast changing of irradiance.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2019
In recent years, solar PV power generation has seen a rapid growth due to environmental benefits ... more In recent years, solar PV power generation has seen a rapid growth due to environmental benefits and zero fuel costs. In Malaysia, due to its location near the equator, makes solar energy the most utilized renewable energy resources. Unlike conventional power generation, solar energy is considered as uncertain generation sources which will cause unstable energy supplied. The uncertainty of solar resource needs to be managed for the planning of the PV system to produce its maximum power. The statistical method is the most prominent to manage and model the solar irradiance uncertainty patterns. Based on one-minute time interval meteorological data taken in Pekan, Pahang, West Malaysia, the Monte Carlo-Beta probability density function (Beta PDF) is performed to model continuous random variable of solar irradiance. The uncertainty studies are needed to optimally plan the photovoltaic system for the development of solar PV technologies in generating electricity and enhance the utilizati...
FEEE Program Accreditation: Milestones & Lesson learnt
Sandaran K-Siswa Kuala Pahang 1: Realiti atau Ilusi?
Kertas kerja ini menerangkan perihal aktiviti pelajar di Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elek... more Kertas kerja ini menerangkan perihal aktiviti pelajar di Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elektronik (FKEE), Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan & Teknologi Malaysia (KUKTEM) melalui Persatuan Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elektronik (EEES) dengan kerjasama Pejabat Hal Ehwal Pelajar & Alumni (HEPA) KUKTEM. Penerangan terperinci aktiviti dan proses berkaitan yang dilakukan oleh sekumpulan pelajar FKEE telah mendorong kepada implikasi kecemerlangan pelajar-pelajar Tahun 6 di Sekolah Kebangsaan Indera Shah Bandar, Kuala Pahang, Pekan, Pahang pada tahun 2005. Komponen-komponen kemahiran generik seperti communication skill, team working, problem solving, adaptability, self esteem, life long learning, ethic & integrity yang diamalkan semasa sesi pembelajaran & pengajaran di FKEE khasnya dan KUKTEM amnya diaplikasikan dalam aktiviti khidmat siswa ini. Penguraian hasil aktiviti juga dipaparkan dengan mengemukakan fakta-fakta yang diperolehi secara rasmi dari pihak sekolah. Fakta ini merangkumi unjuran prestasi akademik sekolah berkenaan dan yang muktahirnya prestasi cemerlang Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) pada tahun 2005. Akhirnya proses penambahbaikan dan perancangan program yang berterusan juga ditunjukkan bagi memastikan anak bangsa di bumi Kuala Pahang, Pekan terus terbilang.
Loss Minimisation by Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
3rd IET International Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT) 2014, 2014
This paper presents a Swarm Intelligence (SI) technique namely Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) whic... more This paper presents a Swarm Intelligence (SI) technique namely Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) which is inspired by parasitic behaviour of Cuckoo birds in reproduction strategy to obtain loss minimisation by solving the Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) problem. The proposed CSA is used to find the optimal combination of control variables such as generator voltages, tap changing transformers' ratios and the value of reactive compensation devices in order to minimise the loss of the transmission system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of CSA, IEEE-57 bus system is used and compared to other techniques available in literature.
2010 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2010
The paper compares three PWM control methods on a single-phase Z-source inverter (ZSI); tradition... more The paper compares three PWM control methods on a single-phase Z-source inverter (ZSI); traditional, simpleboost (SB-PWM), and modified-reference (MR-PWM). A model of the inverter in an open-loop system was built in Matlab/Simulink. The methods and their modulation indices were analyzed against two design parameters (dc-input voltage and switching frequency), the analysis basing determination of the Z-source inverter's performance.
2004 International Conference on Power System Technology, 2004. PowerCon 2004.
Implementation of a regular sampled PWM technique based on a single carrier multilevel modulation... more Implementation of a regular sampled PWM technique based on a single carrier multilevel modulation strategy on a multilevel inverter using a digital signal processor (DSP) is presented in this paper. The equations representing the leading edges of the PWM pulses for the multilevel inverter are utilized in generating the gating signals for the multilevel inverter power devices using a dSPACE DS1102 controller board. Two types of the DS1102 controller board implementation are presented. The first type involves the development of MATLAB/Simulink blocks that models a PWM signal generator and used in conjunction with MATLAB/Real-Time Workshop and dSPACE/Real-Time Interface to actually generate the signals. The other type involves hand-coding (writing of a C program) with algorithms designed to generate PWM signals using the DS1102 controller board. Results based on both types of the DS1102 controller board implementation are compared and analysed. The performance of the multilevel inverter employing the later is also evaluated in terms of its output voltage waveforms and harmonic spectrums with variations in the modulation index.
Proceedings. National Power Engineering Conference, 2003. PECon 2003.
International Conference on Electrical, Control and Computer Engineering 2011 (InECCE), 2011
The paper presents switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated-based z-source inverter; simple... more The paper presents switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated-based z-source inverter; simple boost PWM, maximum boost PWM, maximum constant boost PWM, modified-reference PWM, modified space vector PWM, hysteresis current control, and sine carrier PWM. Concepts and ideas behind the techniques are briefly explained. An overall view is summed up of the PWM controls, in terms of their achievements and system involvement in ZSI.
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Papers by mohd shafie bakar