Papers by Zevhinny Umbu Roga
Background: Although plasma leakage is the major cause of
mortality and morbidity in patients wit... more Background: Although plasma leakage is the major cause of
mortality and morbidity in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever
(DHF), a detailed assessment of the natural course of this process is
still lacking. We employed serial ultrasound examination to delineate
the locations and the timing of plasma leakage and to evaluate
the usefulness of ultrasound in detecting plasma leakage in DHF.
Method: Daily ultrasound examinations of the abdomen and right
thorax were performed in 158 suspected dengue cases to detect
ascites, thickened gall bladder wall and pleural effusions. Cases
were classified into dengue fever (DF), DHF or other febrile illness
(OFI) based on serology and evidence of plasma leakage including
hemoconcentration and pleural effusion detected by chest radiograph.
Results: Ultrasonographic evidence of plasma leakage was detected
in DHF cases starting from 2 days before defervescence and was
detected in some cases within 3 days after fever onset. Pleural
effusion was the most common ultrasonographic sign of plasma
leakage (62% of DHF cases one day after defervescence). Thickening
of the gallbladder wall and ascites were detected less frequently
(43% and 52% of DHF cases respectively) and resolved more
rapidly than pleural effusions. The size of pleural effusions, ascites
and gall bladder wall thickness in DHF grade I and II were smaller
than those of grade III patients. Ultrasound detected plasma leakage
in 12 of 17 DHF cases who did not meet the criteria for significant
hemoconcentration.
Conclusions: Ultrasound examinations detected plasma leakage in
multiple body compartments around the time of defervescence.
Ultrasonographic signs of plasma leakage were detectable before
changes in hematocrits. Ultrasound is a useful tool for detecting
plasma leakage in dengue infection.
Background. Candidiasis carries a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI... more Background. Candidiasis carries a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW; ,1000 g). We sought to determine the impact of candiduria in ELBW preterm infants.
Objective-To determine the effect of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500g) and moderately low birt... more Objective-To determine the effect of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500g) and moderately low birth weight (MLBW; 1500-2499g) on children's mental and motor development and physical growth during the first two years of life and whether VLBW and MLBW babies catch up to normal birth weight (NBW; >=2500g) children by age 2.
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered an important cause o... more Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered an important cause of later neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born at term. This review discusses long-term consequences for general cognitive functioning, educational achievement, neuropsychological functioning and behavior. In all areas reviewed, the outcome of children with mild NE is consistently positive and the outcome of children with severe NE consistently negative. However, children with moderate NE form a more heterogeneous group with respect to outcome. On average, intelligence scores are below those of children with mild NE and age-matched peers, but within the normal range. With respect to educational achieve-ment, difficulties have been found in the domains reading, spelling and arithmetic/mathematics. So far, studies of neuropsychological functioning have yielded ambiguous results in children with moderate NE. A few studies suggest elevated rates of hyperactivity in children with moderate NE and autism in children with moderate and severe NE. Conclusion: Behavioral monitoring is required for all children with NE. In addition, systematic, detailed neuropsychological examination is needed especially for children with moderate NE.
Background: Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. It is als... more Background: Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. It is also a subject of clinical and epidemiological investigations. This study was planned to fi nd out the epidemiological factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) among institutional deliveries so that suitable recommendation can be made to prevent LBW. Objectives: The present study was therefore undertaken to fi nd out some maternal factors that may have their association, if any with LBW. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary care hospital among 350 mothers delivering live born neonate in study place. All babies were weighed within 24 hours after the birth. The babies were weighed on beam type weighing machine up to 20 g accuracy. LBW was defi ned as a birth weight of <2500 gram. All mothers were examined and interviewed within 24 hours after delivery and fi ndings were recorded. The analysis was done using Epi Info package. Results: In this study, 40.0% mothers delivered LBW babies. Findings indicate that gestational age less than 37 weeks (76.5%), maternal age less than 20 years (58.5%), irregular antenatal checkup (70.5%), mother's height less than 150 cm (68.5%), mother's weight less than 50 kg (76.1%), hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl (60.5%), severe physical work (78%), and tobacco chewing (58.5%) are signifi cant determinants of LBW. Conclusion: Our study indicates that gestational age, maternal age, regular antenatal checkup, mother's height, mother's weight, anemia, physical work, and tobacco chewing are signifi cant determinants of LBW. Prevalence of LBW can be reduced by increasing the gestational age, regular antenatal checkup, balanced diet during antenatal period, adequate rest during antenatal period, and avoiding the tobacco chewing.
Background: Cobalamin and folate are essential micronutrients and are important in DNA and RNA sy... more Background: Cobalamin and folate are essential micronutrients and are important in DNA and RNA synthesis, cell proliferation, growth, hematopoiesis, and cognitive function. However, data on cobalamin and folate status are lacking particularly from young children residing in low and middle income countries.
Background: The Millennium Development Goals recognise child health and survival as an important ... more Background: The Millennium Development Goals recognise child health and survival as an important socio-development issue. Objective: To determine the correlates of diarrhoea among children aged below 5 years in north Sudan. Methods: We conducted secondary data analysis of the Sudan Multiple Cluster Indicators Survey II. Results: Altogether, 23,295 children were included in the survey. Half (50.0%) of the children were males, and 22.5% of them were of age less than one year. Boys were 3% (p=0.044) more likely to have diarrhoea compared to girls. Compared with the oldest age group (48-59 months), children less than 6 months of age and those aged 36-47 months had 25% and 18% lower prevalence of diarrhoea, respectively, while children aged 6-24 months and those aged 24-35 months had 1.5 fold and 1.17 fold higher prevalence of diarrhoea. Children in urban areas were 6% more likely to have diarrhoea. Children from households with 1 or 2 people per room were 8% less likely to have diarrhoea compared to children from households with more than 3 people per room. Conclusion: Diarrhoea was associated with child's age, gender, and social status. Our findings provide a useful baseline for interventions and comparisons with future studies.
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) accounts for two million deaths worldwide annually. I... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) accounts for two million deaths worldwide annually. In those hospitalised with SAM, concomitant infections and diarrhoea are frequent complications resulting in adverse outcome. We examined the clinical and laboratory features on admission and outcome of children with SAM and diarrhoea at a Kenyan district hospital.
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Papers by Zevhinny Umbu Roga
mortality and morbidity in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever
(DHF), a detailed assessment of the natural course of this process is
still lacking. We employed serial ultrasound examination to delineate
the locations and the timing of plasma leakage and to evaluate
the usefulness of ultrasound in detecting plasma leakage in DHF.
Method: Daily ultrasound examinations of the abdomen and right
thorax were performed in 158 suspected dengue cases to detect
ascites, thickened gall bladder wall and pleural effusions. Cases
were classified into dengue fever (DF), DHF or other febrile illness
(OFI) based on serology and evidence of plasma leakage including
hemoconcentration and pleural effusion detected by chest radiograph.
Results: Ultrasonographic evidence of plasma leakage was detected
in DHF cases starting from 2 days before defervescence and was
detected in some cases within 3 days after fever onset. Pleural
effusion was the most common ultrasonographic sign of plasma
leakage (62% of DHF cases one day after defervescence). Thickening
of the gallbladder wall and ascites were detected less frequently
(43% and 52% of DHF cases respectively) and resolved more
rapidly than pleural effusions. The size of pleural effusions, ascites
and gall bladder wall thickness in DHF grade I and II were smaller
than those of grade III patients. Ultrasound detected plasma leakage
in 12 of 17 DHF cases who did not meet the criteria for significant
hemoconcentration.
Conclusions: Ultrasound examinations detected plasma leakage in
multiple body compartments around the time of defervescence.
Ultrasonographic signs of plasma leakage were detectable before
changes in hematocrits. Ultrasound is a useful tool for detecting
plasma leakage in dengue infection.
mortality and morbidity in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever
(DHF), a detailed assessment of the natural course of this process is
still lacking. We employed serial ultrasound examination to delineate
the locations and the timing of plasma leakage and to evaluate
the usefulness of ultrasound in detecting plasma leakage in DHF.
Method: Daily ultrasound examinations of the abdomen and right
thorax were performed in 158 suspected dengue cases to detect
ascites, thickened gall bladder wall and pleural effusions. Cases
were classified into dengue fever (DF), DHF or other febrile illness
(OFI) based on serology and evidence of plasma leakage including
hemoconcentration and pleural effusion detected by chest radiograph.
Results: Ultrasonographic evidence of plasma leakage was detected
in DHF cases starting from 2 days before defervescence and was
detected in some cases within 3 days after fever onset. Pleural
effusion was the most common ultrasonographic sign of plasma
leakage (62% of DHF cases one day after defervescence). Thickening
of the gallbladder wall and ascites were detected less frequently
(43% and 52% of DHF cases respectively) and resolved more
rapidly than pleural effusions. The size of pleural effusions, ascites
and gall bladder wall thickness in DHF grade I and II were smaller
than those of grade III patients. Ultrasound detected plasma leakage
in 12 of 17 DHF cases who did not meet the criteria for significant
hemoconcentration.
Conclusions: Ultrasound examinations detected plasma leakage in
multiple body compartments around the time of defervescence.
Ultrasonographic signs of plasma leakage were detectable before
changes in hematocrits. Ultrasound is a useful tool for detecting
plasma leakage in dengue infection.