At the end of 2019, the emergence of a virus outbreak that in a short time became a pandemic has ... more At the end of 2019, the emergence of a virus outbreak that in a short time became a pandemic has become a threat to the world, this outbreak has forced many aspects of life and the world's systematics to change as well. This virus is named Coronavirus Disease-19 which is abbreviated as COVID-19. Meanwhile, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, China faced 'xenophobia' and racism from many parties regarding the first case of COVID-19 appearing in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in China, with no exception even from Southeast Asian nations. This paper will discuss the goals of the People's Republic of China in carrying out Vaccine Diplomacy in the Southeast Asian Region. With the decline of China's image, xenophobia and racism have emerged, and China has taken the initiative to carry out diplomacy to improve its image. In the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new term has developed called Vaccine Diplomacy which in the implementation of Diplomacy of a vacc...
The level of security in Afghanistan has started to deteriorate since American military activitie... more The level of security in Afghanistan has started to deteriorate since American military activities began. This is because the fight between the United States and the Taliban organization is causing an increasing number of civilian deaths. The United Nations (UN) is now involved in settling the conflict in Afghanistan as a result of the escalating conflict conditions there. In addition to deploying troops from member nation contingents, the UN also enlists the aid of a Private Military Company (PMC) to help carry out the peace mission in Afghanistan. However, International organization role theory and rational choice theory are both used in this Article. Keyword : UN, PMC, Afganistan
Diplomatic relations between the United States of America and Cuba that had been cut off for 55 y... more Diplomatic relations between the United States of America and Cuba that had been cut off for 55 years were a phenomenon that attracted the international community’s attention, particularly from the Vatican. In seeking the rapprochement of diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba, three Popes played a role in this issue i.e. Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis. Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI were, in fact, unsuccessful in realizing the rapprochement in the United States of America and Cuba relations. However, Pope Francis was significantly successful in the recovery process of the relationship. This research will explain the role of Pope Francis in the the rapprochement of diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba. The research used qualitative, descriptive method and the data used were obtained through literatures with various relevant resources. The results showed that the role of Pope Francis as a mediator, facilitator and re...
AbstractThe concession on The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (The New START) on April 8th 20... more AbstractThe concession on The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (The New START) on April 8th 2010 in Praha denoted a new round in resetting the relationship between The United States of America and Russia. The New START treaty, which is officially named Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, is a treaty enacted and backgrounded by the awareness of nuclear weapon danger, which eventually calls for weaponry control between The United States of America and Russia, particularly in the realm of strategic nuclear weapon. The very treaty constitutes the continuation of the former treaty regime, START I treaty and Moscow Treaty (SORT). As such, this treaty aims at two main similar objectives, pertinent to the reduction of strategic nuclear weapon (disarmament) and supervision as well as verification. The New START treaty is expected to be the successor of the former regime. This scientific paper delves into discussing the effectiveness of The New ST...
After winning the right to host 2022 World Cup, Qatar is exposed to migrant workers' problems... more After winning the right to host 2022 World Cup, Qatar is exposed to migrant workers' problems which have attracted attention of the international community. Migrant workers building infrastructure find themselves in a discriminatory and exploitative treatment. Amnesty International identified hundreds of migrant workers employed on the Khalifa Stadium and the Aspire Zone were being subjected to human rights abuses by the companies for which they worked. According to human rights groups, this is a consequence of the kafala system which is very familiar with modern slavery practices. As one of the main actors of the World Cup in Qatar, FIFA recognized its international significance brings a responsibility to influence decision-makers in Qatar. FIFA has also urged Qatari Government to comply the ILO’s core labour standards into labour reforms, and must be introduced quickly with lasting effect. Hence, this research aims to analyze acts taken by FIFA in its efforts to in...
Cambodia as a country with a low human development index still has to deal with the high number o... more Cambodia as a country with a low human development index still has to deal with the high number of trafficking cases in the country. Although Cambodia and two international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), namely The Asia Foundation and the International Justice Mission (IJM) have collaborated to combat human trafficking in the country, these efforts so far have not shown maximum results. This research was also conducted to reveal what are the faktors that hinder the achievement of transnational cooperation goalsto combat human trafficking in Cambodia. This study uses several concepts such as poverty, low education, corruption, and other social and cultural faktors as domestic faktors that hinder the eradication of human trafficking. Meanwhile the theory used is the Theory of Stages of Norm Internalization from Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink and Theory of Transnational Relations and Domestic Structure from Thomas Risse-Kappen. On the other hand, the data collection techn...
The development of democracy in Indonesia is strongly influenced by external factor. In according... more The development of democracy in Indonesia is strongly influenced by external factor. In according to filter Indonesia democracy from external bad influence, Indonesia introduced Bali Democracy Forum in 2008. As is goes to the 6th in 2013, BDF proved be strengthen Indonesian Democracy by its role as Asia-Pacific diplomatic forum to support democracy, as learningship media for homegrown democracy in that area, and promotion media to show Indonesia as democratic state.
Abstrak One indicator of the effectiveness of cooperation can be seen from: whether the agreement... more Abstrak One indicator of the effectiveness of cooperation can be seen from: whether the agreement is soft law or hard law. Cooperation with soft law form tends to be ineffective because there is no binding consequences, while hard law form tend to be effective because the consequences are binding. Interestingly, countries drafting their cooperation in the form of soft law, at the expense of the effectiveness of their cooperation. By taking a case study of the ASEAN Charter, this article came to the conclusion that soft law chosen as a strategy to secure national interests when cooperation assessed no longer profitable. Key Word: Hard Law, Soft Law, Strategy
The armed conflict in Rakhine in 2017 caused a humanitarian crisis for the Rohingyas. This crisis... more The armed conflict in Rakhine in 2017 caused a humanitarian crisis for the Rohingyas. This crisis resulted in the emergence of criticism towards Myanmar government for its refusal to offer humanitarian assistance to the victims of conflict. In spite of that, the Myanmar government has closed access for foreigners, including humanitarian aid. However, Indonesia have accepted to discuss the settlement of the case. This research will examine how Indonesia's diplomacy to resolve the crisis due to the conflict in Rakhine in 2017. This research uses research literature method to collect secondary data coming from reliable source. This research is using qualitative descriptive technique and analyzed to described or interpreted to obtain a complete picture of the answer to the problem under study. The results show that in resolving the crisis for Rohingya ethnic in 2017, Indonesia conducts humanitarian diplomacy, which includes communicating with the Myanmar and Bangladesh governments a...
At the end of 2019, the emergence of a virus outbreak that in a short time became a pandemic has ... more At the end of 2019, the emergence of a virus outbreak that in a short time became a pandemic has become a threat to the world, this outbreak has forced many aspects of life and the world's systematics to change as well. This virus is named Coronavirus Disease-19 which is abbreviated as COVID-19. Meanwhile, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, China faced 'xenophobia' and racism from many parties regarding the first case of COVID-19 appearing in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in China, with no exception even from Southeast Asian nations. This paper will discuss the goals of the People's Republic of China in carrying out Vaccine Diplomacy in the Southeast Asian Region. With the decline of China's image, xenophobia and racism have emerged, and China has taken the initiative to carry out diplomacy to improve its image. In the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new term has developed called Vaccine Diplomacy which in the implementation of Diplomacy of a vacc...
The level of security in Afghanistan has started to deteriorate since American military activitie... more The level of security in Afghanistan has started to deteriorate since American military activities began. This is because the fight between the United States and the Taliban organization is causing an increasing number of civilian deaths. The United Nations (UN) is now involved in settling the conflict in Afghanistan as a result of the escalating conflict conditions there. In addition to deploying troops from member nation contingents, the UN also enlists the aid of a Private Military Company (PMC) to help carry out the peace mission in Afghanistan. However, International organization role theory and rational choice theory are both used in this Article. Keyword : UN, PMC, Afganistan
Diplomatic relations between the United States of America and Cuba that had been cut off for 55 y... more Diplomatic relations between the United States of America and Cuba that had been cut off for 55 years were a phenomenon that attracted the international community’s attention, particularly from the Vatican. In seeking the rapprochement of diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba, three Popes played a role in this issue i.e. Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis. Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI were, in fact, unsuccessful in realizing the rapprochement in the United States of America and Cuba relations. However, Pope Francis was significantly successful in the recovery process of the relationship. This research will explain the role of Pope Francis in the the rapprochement of diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba. The research used qualitative, descriptive method and the data used were obtained through literatures with various relevant resources. The results showed that the role of Pope Francis as a mediator, facilitator and re...
AbstractThe concession on The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (The New START) on April 8th 20... more AbstractThe concession on The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (The New START) on April 8th 2010 in Praha denoted a new round in resetting the relationship between The United States of America and Russia. The New START treaty, which is officially named Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, is a treaty enacted and backgrounded by the awareness of nuclear weapon danger, which eventually calls for weaponry control between The United States of America and Russia, particularly in the realm of strategic nuclear weapon. The very treaty constitutes the continuation of the former treaty regime, START I treaty and Moscow Treaty (SORT). As such, this treaty aims at two main similar objectives, pertinent to the reduction of strategic nuclear weapon (disarmament) and supervision as well as verification. The New START treaty is expected to be the successor of the former regime. This scientific paper delves into discussing the effectiveness of The New ST...
After winning the right to host 2022 World Cup, Qatar is exposed to migrant workers' problems... more After winning the right to host 2022 World Cup, Qatar is exposed to migrant workers' problems which have attracted attention of the international community. Migrant workers building infrastructure find themselves in a discriminatory and exploitative treatment. Amnesty International identified hundreds of migrant workers employed on the Khalifa Stadium and the Aspire Zone were being subjected to human rights abuses by the companies for which they worked. According to human rights groups, this is a consequence of the kafala system which is very familiar with modern slavery practices. As one of the main actors of the World Cup in Qatar, FIFA recognized its international significance brings a responsibility to influence decision-makers in Qatar. FIFA has also urged Qatari Government to comply the ILO’s core labour standards into labour reforms, and must be introduced quickly with lasting effect. Hence, this research aims to analyze acts taken by FIFA in its efforts to in...
Cambodia as a country with a low human development index still has to deal with the high number o... more Cambodia as a country with a low human development index still has to deal with the high number of trafficking cases in the country. Although Cambodia and two international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), namely The Asia Foundation and the International Justice Mission (IJM) have collaborated to combat human trafficking in the country, these efforts so far have not shown maximum results. This research was also conducted to reveal what are the faktors that hinder the achievement of transnational cooperation goalsto combat human trafficking in Cambodia. This study uses several concepts such as poverty, low education, corruption, and other social and cultural faktors as domestic faktors that hinder the eradication of human trafficking. Meanwhile the theory used is the Theory of Stages of Norm Internalization from Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink and Theory of Transnational Relations and Domestic Structure from Thomas Risse-Kappen. On the other hand, the data collection techn...
The development of democracy in Indonesia is strongly influenced by external factor. In according... more The development of democracy in Indonesia is strongly influenced by external factor. In according to filter Indonesia democracy from external bad influence, Indonesia introduced Bali Democracy Forum in 2008. As is goes to the 6th in 2013, BDF proved be strengthen Indonesian Democracy by its role as Asia-Pacific diplomatic forum to support democracy, as learningship media for homegrown democracy in that area, and promotion media to show Indonesia as democratic state.
Abstrak One indicator of the effectiveness of cooperation can be seen from: whether the agreement... more Abstrak One indicator of the effectiveness of cooperation can be seen from: whether the agreement is soft law or hard law. Cooperation with soft law form tends to be ineffective because there is no binding consequences, while hard law form tend to be effective because the consequences are binding. Interestingly, countries drafting their cooperation in the form of soft law, at the expense of the effectiveness of their cooperation. By taking a case study of the ASEAN Charter, this article came to the conclusion that soft law chosen as a strategy to secure national interests when cooperation assessed no longer profitable. Key Word: Hard Law, Soft Law, Strategy
The armed conflict in Rakhine in 2017 caused a humanitarian crisis for the Rohingyas. This crisis... more The armed conflict in Rakhine in 2017 caused a humanitarian crisis for the Rohingyas. This crisis resulted in the emergence of criticism towards Myanmar government for its refusal to offer humanitarian assistance to the victims of conflict. In spite of that, the Myanmar government has closed access for foreigners, including humanitarian aid. However, Indonesia have accepted to discuss the settlement of the case. This research will examine how Indonesia's diplomacy to resolve the crisis due to the conflict in Rakhine in 2017. This research uses research literature method to collect secondary data coming from reliable source. This research is using qualitative descriptive technique and analyzed to described or interpreted to obtain a complete picture of the answer to the problem under study. The results show that in resolving the crisis for Rohingya ethnic in 2017, Indonesia conducts humanitarian diplomacy, which includes communicating with the Myanmar and Bangladesh governments a...
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