Papers by Giovanni Balcet
Conerografica Sas:Zona Ind Espansione Aspio T, I 60021 Camerano An Italy:011 39 071 730031, EMAIL: info@congerografica.it, Fax: 011 39 071 731318, 2006
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 1, 2012
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2011
... and reverse engineering (Mathews, 2006). However, this strategy involves high risks and uncer... more ... and reverse engineering (Mathews, 2006). However, this strategy involves high risks and uncertainties. ... as a learning instrument in a broad sense.6 Acceleration characterizes the internationalization process of emerging country MNCs, ...
Conférence Internationale du GERPISA, 1999
Routledge Studies in Global Competition, 2001
International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, 2013
of foreign affiliates in Italy
International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, 2012
China became the largest world automobile market in 2009, following a decade of rapid growth. For... more China became the largest world automobile market in 2009, following a decade of rapid growth. Foreign carmakers played a central role in bringing in technology, management know-how and marketing capabilities, as well as in building supply chains; while domestic companies, mainly central or local state-owned, established joint ventures with foreign carmakers, which took the lion's share of the Chinese market. However, in the late 1990s, some domestic private companies accessed to this market and experienced rapid growth. In order to discuss the catching up and internationalisation processes of Chinese carmakers, and in particular the crucial relationship between the two processes, this paper focuses on the case study of Geely, which broke both industrial and institutional barriers to access this industry. It experienced various ways of catching up, including technology imitation via reverse engineering, product architecture innovation, and asset seeking acquisitions abroad; as well as various ways of international growth, including export, assembly abroad, market seeking operations, and (again) asset-seeking acquisitions abroad. This case study helps the understanding of catching up of Chinese firms, while offering insights into the competitive strategy of emerging multinationals. This paper explores jointly the trajectories of catching up and of multinational growth.
In the development of the Chinese automobile industry, foreign OEMs (Original Equipment Manufactu... more In the development of the Chinese automobile industry, foreign OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) have played a central role, bringing in technology, management know-how and marketing capabilities, as well as building distribution networks and supply chains. International joint ventures between OEMs and domestic state-owned car companies have shaped the Chinese market. In the late 1990s, some domestic private companies accessed the automobile market and experienced rapid growth. Geely, Great Wall and BYD are the main examples.
Relevance, nature and economic effects of innovation activities of multinational corporations (MN... more Relevance, nature and economic effects of innovation activities of multinational corporations (MNCs) are highly debated topics in the current literature on “globalisation of technology”. A controversial theme concerns the innovation strategies of foreign affiliates (FAs) and the role they play in host countries. This paper sheds new light on this topic using data provided by the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS 2). In particular the paper aims at: i. assessing the technological contribution of FAs in a host country (i.e. Italy) by comparing the innovation performances and strategies of FAs and domestic firms; ii. identifying and qualifying the main patterns of innovative activities of MNCs. The empirical evidence presented shows that FAs and domestic firms differ from each other more in terms of “type of innovation strategies ” pursued by the firms than in terms of “innovation performances”. However, innovation strategies of FAs present a high degree of heterogeneity, being a...
European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2013
AbstractThe paper analyses the new trend of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinatio... more AbstractThe paper analyses the new trend of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational companies from emerging countries, in particular the BRICs, in developed countries to question the applicability of the traditional HOS theoretical framework to this trend. A literature review shows that labour costs do not play any significant role in the first attempts to provide an analytical explanation of this new trend. A HOS equation, amended in order to encompass FDI, is elaborated in order to explain outward FDI from developed to developing and emerging countries based on differences in labour endowment and therefore in wage rates. Step by step, the equation introduces the technological gap, institutions and government policies. Then it is shown that such equation when reversed to explain outward FDI from emerging to developed countries is at odds with the traditional HOS framework. Turning the HOS theory upside down does not help to explain reverse FDI outflows from emergin...
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Papers by Giovanni Balcet