One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the de nition of agent ... more One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the de nition of agent communication languages (ACLs), and the speci cation of a proper formal semantics of such languages is a crucial prerequisite for the usefulness and acceptance of arti cial agency. Nevertheless, those ACLs which are still mostly used, especially the standard FIPA-ACL, have a communication act semantics in terms of the participating agents' mental attitudes (viz.
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2006
A major critique against BDI (Belief, Desire, Intention) approaches to the communication is that ... more A major critique against BDI (Belief, Desire, Intention) approaches to the communication is that they require strong hypotheses such as sincerity, cooperation, ... on the mental states of the agents (cf. for example , [13], [5]). The aim of this paper is to give an operator remeding this defect to a logic BDI. Thus we study communication between heterogeneous agents via the notion of grounding, in the sense of being publicly expressed and established. We show that this notion is different from social commitment, from the standard mental attitudes, and from different versions of common belief. Our notion is founded on speech act theory, and it is directly related to the expression of the sincerity condition when a speech act is performed. We use this notion to characterize speech acts in terms of preconditions and effects. As an example we show how persuasion dialogues à la Walton & Krabbe can be analyzed in our framework. In particular we show how speech act preconditions constrain the possible sequences of speech acts.
In the recent years, several formal approaches to the specification of normative multi-agent syst... more In the recent years, several formal approaches to the specification of normative multi-agent systems and artificial institutions have been proposed. The aim of this paper is to advance the state of the art in this area by proposing an approach in which a normative multi-agent system is conceived to be autonomous, in the sense that it is able to create, maintain, and eventually change its own institutions by itself, without the intervention of an external designer in this process. In our approach the existence and the dynamics of an institution (norms, rules, institutional facts, etc.) are determined by the (individual and collective) acceptances of its members, and its dynamics depends on the dynamics of these acceptances.
Abstract The global climate change induces an increase, in terms of frequency and devastating pow... more Abstract The global climate change induces an increase, in terms of frequency and devastating power, of natural disasters (particularly in developing countries). For facing this, there is a growing need for robotic assistance, for collecting information, managing disaster situation, rescuing victims and preserve human lives. It is one of the means recommended by the UNPD (United Nations Program for Development), which consist in the deployment of on-field automated monitoring, surveillance and reconnaissance systems.
Abstract In this paper we investigate the logic of speech acts and groundedness. A piece of infor... more Abstract In this paper we investigate the logic of speech acts and groundedness. A piece of information is grounded for a group of agents if it is publicly expressed and established by all agents of the group. Our concept of groundedness is founded on the expression of the sincerity condition of speech act theory.
Abstract—This paper presents a study on how to improve a distributed information collecting syste... more Abstract—This paper presents a study on how to improve a distributed information collecting system in which information is collected by a multi-agent system constituted by communicating agents, assuming the hypothesis that some agents of this system can deliberately (liar agents) or in good faith (defective agents) produce or communicate incorrect information. To ensure the coherence of the information system under these constraints, we aim to gradually limit the impact of the incoming perturbations.
Abstract This paper presents a study on how to ensure the coherence of a distributed information ... more Abstract This paper presents a study on how to ensure the coherence of a distributed information system in which information is collected by a multi-agent system with the hypothesis that some agents of the system are dissonant, ie can produce or communicate incorrect information.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of speech acts as institutional actions,... more Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of speech acts as institutional actions, where an institution is grounded on the attitudes of its members. In the first part of the paper we present a logic of acceptance, goal and action. Then, we specify how agents can create and maintain normative and institutional facts on the basis of their acceptances qua members of a certain institution. Finally, we propose a formal characterization of the speech act promise.
ABSTRACT Most agent Communication Languages are no longer defined in terms of the agents' mental ... more ABSTRACT Most agent Communication Languages are no longer defined in terms of the agents' mental attitudes, but in terms of social commitments. However, such social approaches have two drawbacks. First, the notion of commitment does not have a clear and unambiguous characterization. Second, commitments are completely unrelated to the agents' reasoning. We remedy this situation by combining a BDI logic with a logic of what is publicly grounded between agents.
Abstract The focus of this contribution is to define speech acts as institutional actions where m... more Abstract The focus of this contribution is to define speech acts as institutional actions where modeled institutions are social or informal institutions. With social or informal institution, we mean an institution which is grounded on the acceptances of its members. In the first part of the paper we present a logic of acceptance, goal and action. Then, we specify how agents can create and maintain normative and institutional facts on the basis of their acceptances qua members of a certain institution.
The aim of this paper is to show how to do social simulation in logic. In order to meet this obje... more The aim of this paper is to show how to do social simulation in logic. In order to meet this objective we present a dynamic logic with assignments, tests, sequential and nondeterministic composition, and bounded and non-bounded iteration. We show that our logic allows to represent and reason about a paradigmatic example of social simulation: Schelling's segregation game. We also build a bridge between social simulation and planning.
Résumé: Le but de cet article est de montrer comment faire des simulations sociales en logique. A... more Résumé: Le but de cet article est de montrer comment faire des simulations sociales en logique. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, nous présentons une logique dynamique avec affectations et itérations bornées et non-bornées. Nous montrons que notre logique permet de représenter et de raisonner sur un exemple paradigmatique de la simulation sociale: le modèle de ségrégation de Schelling. Nous établissons également un lien entre simulation et planification.
Résumé La simulation à base d'agents est maintenant largement utilisée pour étudier les systèmes ... more Résumé La simulation à base d'agents est maintenant largement utilisée pour étudier les systèmes complexes. Cependant, le problème de la définition des agents est toujours posé. Définir des agents complexes capables d'agir de manière réaliste est une tâche difficile. Un paradigme couramment utilisé pour formaliser le comportement de tels agents est le paradigme BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention). Cependant, ce formalisme est peu utilisé en simulation.
Abstract. One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the definitio... more Abstract. One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the definition of agent communication languages (ACLs), and the specification of a proper formal semantics of such languages is a crucial prerequisite for the usefulness and acceptance of artificial agency. Nevertheless, those ACLs which are still mostly used, especially the standard FIPA-ACL, have a communication act semantics in terms of the participating agents' mental attitudes (viz.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a logical framework for the specification of autonom... more Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a logical framework for the specification of autonomous Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). A MAS is autonomous in so far as it is capable of binding ('nomos') itself ('auto') independently of any external normative constraint specified by a designer. In particular, a MAS is autonomous if it is able to maintain its social institutions (ie rule-governed social practices) only by way of the agents' attitudes.
Abstract: Agent-based simulations are now widely used to study complex systems. However, the prob... more Abstract: Agent-based simulations are now widely used to study complex systems. However, the problem of the agent design is still an open issue, especially for social-ecological models, where some of the agents represent human beings. In fact, designing complex agents able to act in a believable way is a difficult task, in particular when their behaviour is led by many conflicting needs and desires. A widely used way to formalise the internal architecture of such complex agents is the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) paradigm.
Décrire un agent à l'aide de ses états mentaux, comme ses croyances ou ses intentions, est un des... more Décrire un agent à l'aide de ses états mentaux, comme ses croyances ou ses intentions, est un des moyens les plus puissants pour expliquer ou prédire son comportement. En intelligence artificielle, de nombreuses recherches ont été mené pour décrire en logique (notamment en logique modale) ces attitudes mentales individuelles dans le but de les intégrer dans des agents artificiels.
Nowadays, more and more emergency evacuation simulations are used to evaluate the safety level of... more Nowadays, more and more emergency evacuation simulations are used to evaluate the safety level of a building during an emergency evacuation after an accident. The heart of this kind of simulations is the simulation of human behavior because simulation results depend for a big part on how this behavior is simulated. However, human behaviors in a real emergency situation are determined by a lot of cognitive mechanisms.
Abstract In this paper we introduce the ODD protocol, proposed in ecology for easing the communic... more Abstract In this paper we introduce the ODD protocol, proposed in ecology for easing the communication and replication of Individual Based Models (IBM). First, we use it to describe a realistic model in epidemiology, which deals with the local determinants of the propagation of the H5N1 virus. From this description we first point out the advantages of ODD. Then we focus on its weaknesses, the major ones being its ambiguity and its inability to attain replication.
When we study dialogue between artificial agents, two traditions have emerged: a subjective one w... more When we study dialogue between artificial agents, two traditions have emerged: a subjective one with for example [8, 31, 32, 33] and an objective one with [9, 48, 39, 15, 46, 4]. The former approach, often named mentalist approach, considers that dialogue is function of the agents' mental attitudes, usually formalized with BDI (Belief Desire Intention) modal logics. The speech acts that an agent can perform depend on his mental attitudes and are seen as modifying cognitive state of agents.
One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the de nition of agent ... more One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the de nition of agent communication languages (ACLs), and the speci cation of a proper formal semantics of such languages is a crucial prerequisite for the usefulness and acceptance of arti cial agency. Nevertheless, those ACLs which are still mostly used, especially the standard FIPA-ACL, have a communication act semantics in terms of the participating agents' mental attitudes (viz.
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2006
A major critique against BDI (Belief, Desire, Intention) approaches to the communication is that ... more A major critique against BDI (Belief, Desire, Intention) approaches to the communication is that they require strong hypotheses such as sincerity, cooperation, ... on the mental states of the agents (cf. for example , [13], [5]). The aim of this paper is to give an operator remeding this defect to a logic BDI. Thus we study communication between heterogeneous agents via the notion of grounding, in the sense of being publicly expressed and established. We show that this notion is different from social commitment, from the standard mental attitudes, and from different versions of common belief. Our notion is founded on speech act theory, and it is directly related to the expression of the sincerity condition when a speech act is performed. We use this notion to characterize speech acts in terms of preconditions and effects. As an example we show how persuasion dialogues à la Walton & Krabbe can be analyzed in our framework. In particular we show how speech act preconditions constrain the possible sequences of speech acts.
In the recent years, several formal approaches to the specification of normative multi-agent syst... more In the recent years, several formal approaches to the specification of normative multi-agent systems and artificial institutions have been proposed. The aim of this paper is to advance the state of the art in this area by proposing an approach in which a normative multi-agent system is conceived to be autonomous, in the sense that it is able to create, maintain, and eventually change its own institutions by itself, without the intervention of an external designer in this process. In our approach the existence and the dynamics of an institution (norms, rules, institutional facts, etc.) are determined by the (individual and collective) acceptances of its members, and its dynamics depends on the dynamics of these acceptances.
Abstract The global climate change induces an increase, in terms of frequency and devastating pow... more Abstract The global climate change induces an increase, in terms of frequency and devastating power, of natural disasters (particularly in developing countries). For facing this, there is a growing need for robotic assistance, for collecting information, managing disaster situation, rescuing victims and preserve human lives. It is one of the means recommended by the UNPD (United Nations Program for Development), which consist in the deployment of on-field automated monitoring, surveillance and reconnaissance systems.
Abstract In this paper we investigate the logic of speech acts and groundedness. A piece of infor... more Abstract In this paper we investigate the logic of speech acts and groundedness. A piece of information is grounded for a group of agents if it is publicly expressed and established by all agents of the group. Our concept of groundedness is founded on the expression of the sincerity condition of speech act theory.
Abstract—This paper presents a study on how to improve a distributed information collecting syste... more Abstract—This paper presents a study on how to improve a distributed information collecting system in which information is collected by a multi-agent system constituted by communicating agents, assuming the hypothesis that some agents of this system can deliberately (liar agents) or in good faith (defective agents) produce or communicate incorrect information. To ensure the coherence of the information system under these constraints, we aim to gradually limit the impact of the incoming perturbations.
Abstract This paper presents a study on how to ensure the coherence of a distributed information ... more Abstract This paper presents a study on how to ensure the coherence of a distributed information system in which information is collected by a multi-agent system with the hypothesis that some agents of the system are dissonant, ie can produce or communicate incorrect information.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of speech acts as institutional actions,... more Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of speech acts as institutional actions, where an institution is grounded on the attitudes of its members. In the first part of the paper we present a logic of acceptance, goal and action. Then, we specify how agents can create and maintain normative and institutional facts on the basis of their acceptances qua members of a certain institution. Finally, we propose a formal characterization of the speech act promise.
ABSTRACT Most agent Communication Languages are no longer defined in terms of the agents' mental ... more ABSTRACT Most agent Communication Languages are no longer defined in terms of the agents' mental attitudes, but in terms of social commitments. However, such social approaches have two drawbacks. First, the notion of commitment does not have a clear and unambiguous characterization. Second, commitments are completely unrelated to the agents' reasoning. We remedy this situation by combining a BDI logic with a logic of what is publicly grounded between agents.
Abstract The focus of this contribution is to define speech acts as institutional actions where m... more Abstract The focus of this contribution is to define speech acts as institutional actions where modeled institutions are social or informal institutions. With social or informal institution, we mean an institution which is grounded on the acceptances of its members. In the first part of the paper we present a logic of acceptance, goal and action. Then, we specify how agents can create and maintain normative and institutional facts on the basis of their acceptances qua members of a certain institution.
The aim of this paper is to show how to do social simulation in logic. In order to meet this obje... more The aim of this paper is to show how to do social simulation in logic. In order to meet this objective we present a dynamic logic with assignments, tests, sequential and nondeterministic composition, and bounded and non-bounded iteration. We show that our logic allows to represent and reason about a paradigmatic example of social simulation: Schelling's segregation game. We also build a bridge between social simulation and planning.
Résumé: Le but de cet article est de montrer comment faire des simulations sociales en logique. A... more Résumé: Le but de cet article est de montrer comment faire des simulations sociales en logique. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, nous présentons une logique dynamique avec affectations et itérations bornées et non-bornées. Nous montrons que notre logique permet de représenter et de raisonner sur un exemple paradigmatique de la simulation sociale: le modèle de ségrégation de Schelling. Nous établissons également un lien entre simulation et planification.
Résumé La simulation à base d'agents est maintenant largement utilisée pour étudier les systèmes ... more Résumé La simulation à base d'agents est maintenant largement utilisée pour étudier les systèmes complexes. Cependant, le problème de la définition des agents est toujours posé. Définir des agents complexes capables d'agir de manière réaliste est une tâche difficile. Un paradigme couramment utilisé pour formaliser le comportement de tels agents est le paradigme BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention). Cependant, ce formalisme est peu utilisé en simulation.
Abstract. One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the definitio... more Abstract. One of the most important aspects of the research on agent interaction is the definition of agent communication languages (ACLs), and the specification of a proper formal semantics of such languages is a crucial prerequisite for the usefulness and acceptance of artificial agency. Nevertheless, those ACLs which are still mostly used, especially the standard FIPA-ACL, have a communication act semantics in terms of the participating agents' mental attitudes (viz.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a logical framework for the specification of autonom... more Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a logical framework for the specification of autonomous Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). A MAS is autonomous in so far as it is capable of binding ('nomos') itself ('auto') independently of any external normative constraint specified by a designer. In particular, a MAS is autonomous if it is able to maintain its social institutions (ie rule-governed social practices) only by way of the agents' attitudes.
Abstract: Agent-based simulations are now widely used to study complex systems. However, the prob... more Abstract: Agent-based simulations are now widely used to study complex systems. However, the problem of the agent design is still an open issue, especially for social-ecological models, where some of the agents represent human beings. In fact, designing complex agents able to act in a believable way is a difficult task, in particular when their behaviour is led by many conflicting needs and desires. A widely used way to formalise the internal architecture of such complex agents is the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) paradigm.
Décrire un agent à l'aide de ses états mentaux, comme ses croyances ou ses intentions, est un des... more Décrire un agent à l'aide de ses états mentaux, comme ses croyances ou ses intentions, est un des moyens les plus puissants pour expliquer ou prédire son comportement. En intelligence artificielle, de nombreuses recherches ont été mené pour décrire en logique (notamment en logique modale) ces attitudes mentales individuelles dans le but de les intégrer dans des agents artificiels.
Nowadays, more and more emergency evacuation simulations are used to evaluate the safety level of... more Nowadays, more and more emergency evacuation simulations are used to evaluate the safety level of a building during an emergency evacuation after an accident. The heart of this kind of simulations is the simulation of human behavior because simulation results depend for a big part on how this behavior is simulated. However, human behaviors in a real emergency situation are determined by a lot of cognitive mechanisms.
Abstract In this paper we introduce the ODD protocol, proposed in ecology for easing the communic... more Abstract In this paper we introduce the ODD protocol, proposed in ecology for easing the communication and replication of Individual Based Models (IBM). First, we use it to describe a realistic model in epidemiology, which deals with the local determinants of the propagation of the H5N1 virus. From this description we first point out the advantages of ODD. Then we focus on its weaknesses, the major ones being its ambiguity and its inability to attain replication.
When we study dialogue between artificial agents, two traditions have emerged: a subjective one w... more When we study dialogue between artificial agents, two traditions have emerged: a subjective one with for example [8, 31, 32, 33] and an objective one with [9, 48, 39, 15, 46, 4]. The former approach, often named mentalist approach, considers that dialogue is function of the agents' mental attitudes, usually formalized with BDI (Belief Desire Intention) modal logics. The speech acts that an agent can perform depend on his mental attitudes and are seen as modifying cognitive state of agents.
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