CurtainNet: Enabling precise beamforming with a deformable antenna array on a fabric substrate
Pages 349 - 361
Abstract
Recent trends in flexible antennas and printed circuit boards present an opportunity to leverage deformable substrates such as textiles to deploy large UHF, VHF and ISM band antenna arrays in smart homes. Low-frequency large antenna arrays are rarely deployed in indoor settings due to their large size which makes them bulky and difficult to deploy. By embedding these arrays on existing surfaces such as curtains, we can improve through-wall sensing, beamforming for IoT devices equipped with low-power radios and indoor localization of Bluetooth tags.
However, antenna arrays on curtains present new challenges since deformation shifts their phase centers and changes the 3D positions of antennas. We present CurtainNet, a flexible UHFband antenna array on a large surface curtain that leverages a combination of optical and RF tracking to compensate for these changes while dealing with occlusions and phase changes. Results show that CurtainNet outperforms alternative methods by more than 155% in beamforming performance and increases indoor range by 20m.
References
[1]
Blender. https://www.blender.org/. [Online; accessed 13-Feb-2023].
[2]
A steerable, transflective metamaterial surface for NextG mmWave networks. In 20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23), Boston, MA, Apr. 2023. USENIX Association.
[3]
V. Arun and H. Balakrishnan. RFocus: Beamforming using thousands of passive antennas. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 20), pages 1047--1061, Santa Clara, CA, Feb. 2020. USENIX Association.
[4]
C. Bencivenni, M. Coldrey, R. Maaskant, and M. V. Ivashina. Aperiodic switched array for line-of-sight mimo backhauling. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 17(9):1712--1716, 2018.
[5]
S. Bian, B. Zhou, H. Bello, and P. Lukowicz. A wearable magnetic field based proximity sensing system for monitoring covid-19 social distancing. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, ISWC '20, page 22--26, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery.
[6]
M. Borges, A. Symington, B. Coltin, T. Smith, and R. Ventura. Htc vive: Analysis and accuracy improvement. In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pages 2610--2615, 2018.
[7]
S. Boyd and L. Vandenberghe. Convex Optimization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2004.
[8]
L. Buechley, D. Mellis, H. Perner-Wilson, E. Lovell, and B. Kaufmann. Living wall: programmable wallpaper for interactive spaces. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM international conference on Multimedia, pages 1401--1402, 2010.
[9]
L. Chen, W. Hu, K. Jamieson, X. Chen, D. Fang, and J. Gummeson. Pushing the physical limits of iot devices with programmable metasurfaces. In NSDI, pages 425--438, 2021.
[10]
X. Chen, D. Ganesan, J. Gummeson, and M. Rostami. Cocoon: A conductive substrate-based coupled oscillator network for wireless communication. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys '21, page 84--96, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery.
[11]
L. Cheng, C. Xing, and Y.-C. Wu. Irregular array manifold aided channel estimation in massive mimo communications. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 13(5):974--988, 2019.
[12]
K. Chetty, G. E. Smith, and K. Woodbridge. Through-the-wall sensing of personnel using passive bistatic wifi radar at standoff distances. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 50(4):1218--1226, 2012.
[13]
K. W. Cho, Y. Ghasempour, and K. Jamieson. Towards dual-band reconfigurable metasurfaces for satellite networking. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets '22, page 17--23, New York, NY, USA, 2022. Association for Computing Machinery.
[14]
W. Dong, Z.-H. Xu, X.-H. Liu, L.-S.-B. Wang, and S.-P. Xiao. Modular subarrayed phased-array design by means of iterative convex relaxation optimization. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 18(3):447--451, 2019.
[15]
esar. Vivepos. https://github.com/esar/vivepos, 2021.
[16]
a. N. I. C. Ettus Research. Octoclock. https://www.ettus.com/all-products/octoclock/, 2021.
[17]
a. N. I. C. Ettus Research. X300 kit. https://www.ettus.com/all-products/x300-kit/, 2021.
[18]
Y. Feng, Y. Xie, D. Ganesan, and J. Xiong. Lte-based pervasive sensing across indoor and outdoor. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys '21, page 138--151, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery.
[19]
Y. Feng, Y. Xie, D. Ganesan, and J. Xiong. Lte-based low-cost and low-power soil moisture sensing. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys '22, page 421--434, New York, NY, USA, 2023. Association for Computing Machinery.
[20]
P. Ferraro and G. De Natale. On the possible use of optical fiber bragg gratings as strain sensors for geodynamical monitoring. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 37(2--3):115--130, 2002.
[21]
W. Giernacki, M. Skwierczyński, W. Witwicki, P. Wroński, and P. Kozierski. Crazyflie 2.0 quadrotor as a platform for research and education in robotics and control engineering. In 2017 22nd International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), pages 37--42, 2017.
[22]
S. Hosseinzadeh. Multi wall (cost231) signal propagation models + python code. https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/61340-multi-wall-cost231-signal-propagation-models-python-code, 2023. Accessed February 15, 2023.
[23]
S. Hosseinzadeh, H. Larijani, and K. Curtis. An enhanced modified multi wall propagation model. 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS), pages 1--4, 2017.
[24]
M. A. Ibrahim, G. Hassan, K. Monea, H. S. Hassanein, and K. Obaia. A ferrous-selective proximity sensor for industrial internet of things. In ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 1--6, 2020.
[25]
S. Kanchi, S. Sandilya, D. Bhosale, A. Pitkar, and M. Gondhalekar. Overview of lte-a technology. In 2013 IEEE Global High Tech Congress on Electronics, pages 195--200, 2013.
[26]
F. Kendoul, I. Fantoni, and K. Nonami. Optic flow-based vision system for autonomous 3d localization and control of small aerial vehicles. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 57(6--7):591--602, 2009.
[27]
D.-W. Kim and S. Nam. Mutual coupling compensation in receive-mode antenna array based on characteristic mode analysis. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 66(12):7434--7438, 2018.
[28]
M. Kotaru, K. Joshi, D. Bharadia, and S. Katti. Spotfi: Decimeter level localization using wifi. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication, SIGCOMM '15, page 269--282, New York, NY, USA, 2015. Association for Computing Machinery.
[29]
G. Lan, M. F. Imani, P. d. Hougne, W. Hu, D. R. Smith, and M. Gorlatova. Wireless sensing using dynamic metasurface antennas: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE Communications Magazine, 58(6):66--71, 2020.
[30]
G. Lan, M. F. Imani, Z. Liu, J. Manjarrés, W. Hu, A. S. Lan, D. R. Smith, and M. Gorlatova. Metasense: Boosting rf sensing accuracy using dynamic metasurface antenna. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(18):14110--14126, 2021.
[31]
S. M. LaValle, A. Yershova, M. Katsev, and M. Antonov. Head tracking for the oculus rift. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pages 187--194, 2014.
[32]
Z. Li, Y. Xie, L. Shangguan, R. I. Zelaya, J. Gummeson, W. Hu, and K. Jamieson. Towards programming the radio environment with large arrays of inexpensive antennas. In NSDI, 2019.
[33]
Z.-q. Luo, W.-k. Ma, A. M.-c. So, Y. Ye, and S. Zhang. Semidefinite relaxation of quadratic optimization problems. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 27(3):20--34, 2010.
[34]
R. Ma and W. Hu. Cross-media wireless made easier: Tuning media interfaces with flexible metasurfaces, 2023.
[35]
R. Ma, W. Hu, and R. I. Zelaya. Softly, deftly, scrolls unfurl their splendor: Rolling flexible surfaces for wideband wireless. MobiCom '23. Association for Computing Machinery, 2023.
[36]
MathWorks. Music super-resolution doa estimation. https://www.mathworks.com/help/phased/ug/music-super-resolution-doa-estimation.html, 2021.
[37]
K. Morsi, X. Huagang, and G. Qiang. Performance estimation and evaluation of bluetooth frequency hopping selection kernel. In 2009 Joint Conferences on Pervasive Computing (JCPC), pages 461--466, 2009.
[38]
U. Noreen, A. Bounceur, and L. Clavier. A study of lora low power and wide area network technology. In 2017 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP), pages 1--6, 2017.
[39]
U. on Stack Overflow. Find the pair of closest points from two sets of points. https://stackoverflow.com/a/9632444, 2011.
[40]
J. Purat, N. J. Lehmann, M. Karagulle, and A. Voisard. Halownet - a wifi halow network-based information system for the provision of multi-sided applications for medical emergency scenarios. In 2022 IEEE 10th International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), pages 519--521, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, jun 2022. IEEE Computer Society.
[41]
L. Qiao, Z. Zheng, W. Cui, and L. Wang. A survey on wi-fi halow technology for internet of things. In 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), pages 1--5, 2018.
[42]
H. Qu, T. Brastaviceanu, F. Bergeron, J. Olesik, I. Pavlov, T. Ishigure, and M. Skorobogatiy. Photonic bandgap bragg fiber sensors for bending/displacement detection. Appl. Opt., 52(25):6344--6349, Sep 2013.
[43]
Qualisys. Human biomechanics and sports research. https://www.qualisys.com/life-sciences/human-biomechanics-and-sports-research/, accessed 2023-02-15.
[44]
D. Quiñones, G. Lopes, D. Kim, C. Honnet, D. Moratal, and A. Kampff. HIVE Tracker: a tiny, low-cost, and scalable device for sub-millimetric 3D positioning. In Augmented Human International Conference, Seoul, South Korea, Feb. 2018.
[45]
C. M. Ramya, M. Shanmugaraj, and R. Prabakaran. Study on zigbee technology. In 2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, volume 6, pages 297--301, 2011.
[46]
T. R. Rao and D. Balachander. Rf propagation investigations at 915/2400 mhz in indoor corridor environments for wireless sensor communications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 47:359--381, 2013.
[47]
A. A. N. Shirehjini, A. Yassine, and S. Shirmohammadi. An rfid-based position and orientation measurement system for mobile objects in intelligent environments. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 61(6):1664--1675, 2012.
[48]
H. Singh, S. H L, and R. Jha. Mutual coupling in phased arrays: A review. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 01 2013.
[49]
D. Vasisht, S. Kumar, and D. Katabi. Decimeter-level localization with a single wifi access point. In 13th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ({NSDI} 16), pages 165--178, 2016.
[50]
J. Wang, F. Adib, R. Knepper, D. Katabi, and D. Rus. Rf-compass: Robot object manipulation using rfids. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing Networking, MobiCom '13, page 3--14, New York, NY, USA, 2013. Association for Computing Machinery.
[51]
J. Wang and Y. Takahashi. Indoor mobile robot self-localization based on a low-cost light system with a novel emitter arrangement. Robomech J, 5:17, 2018.
[52]
R. Want. An introduction to rfid technology. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 5(1):25--33, 2006.
[53]
A. Welkie, L. Shangguan, J. Gummeson, W. Hu, and K. Jamieson. Programmable radio environments for smart spaces. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets-XVI, page 36--42, New York, NY, USA, 2017. Association for Computing Machinery.
[54]
D. Willi, M. Meindl, H. Xu, and M. Rothacher. Gnss antenna phase center variation calibration for attitude determination on short baselines. Navigation: Journal of The Institute of Navigation, 65(4):643--654, 2018.
[55]
X. Xiao, Y. Fan, J. Dufek, and R. Murphy. Indoor uav localization using a tether. In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), pages 1--6, 2018.
[56]
B. Xie, D. Ganesan, and J. Xiong. Embracing lora sensing with device mobility. In 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 349--361. ACM, 2022.
[57]
B. Xie and J. Xiong. Combating interference for long range lora sensing. In 18th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 69--81. ACM, 2020.
[58]
R. I. Zelaya, R. Ma, and W. Hu. Towards 6g and beyond: Smarten everything with metamorphic surfaces. In Proceedings of the Twentieth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets '21, page 155--162, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery.
[59]
R. I. Zelaya, R. Ma, and W. Hu. Towards 6g and beyond: Smarten everything with metamorphic surfaces. In Proceedings of the Twentieth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets '21, page 155--162, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery.
[60]
R. I. Zelaya, W. Sussman, J. Gummeson, K. Jamieson, and W. Hu. Lava: Finegrained 3d indoor wireless coverage for small iot devices. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference, SIGCOMM '21, page 123--136, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery.
[61]
Y. Zhang, C. Yang, S. E. Hudson, C. Harrison, and A. Sample. Wall++ room-scale interactive and context-aware sensing. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1--15, 2018.
Index Terms
- CurtainNet: Enabling precise beamforming with a deformable antenna array on a fabric substrate
Recommendations
4×4 Ultra Wideband Butler Matrix for Switched Beam Array
In this paper, a new design of $$4\times 4$$4 4 ultra wideband (UWB) Butler Matrix for switched beam array is introduced. Multilayer technology is employed into the designed technique in order to develop a compact size Butler Matrix for UWB ...
Ultra-Wideband 4×4 Butler Matrix Employing Trapezoidal-Shaped Microstrip-Slot Technique
A design of compact and inexpensive two-layer ultra-wideband (UWB) $$4~\times ~4$$4 4 butler matrix beam-forming network employing trapezoidal-shaped microstrip-slot technique is presented in this paper. The proposed design uses multi-layer technology ...
Beamforming MIMO Array Antenna for 5G-Millimeter-Wave Application
AbstractThe high gain, high speed/data rate, high capacity, and beamforming antennas are required for the present generation of mobile and wireless applications to satisfy the exponentially growing demands of the users. This paper presents low mutual ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
November 2023
574 pages
ISBN:9798400704147
DOI:10.1145/3625687
- General Chair:
- Rasit Eskicioglu,
- Program Chair:
- Polly Huang,
- Program Co-chair:
- Neal Patwari
Copyright © 2023 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].
Sponsors
- SIGARCH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture
- SIGBED: ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems
- SIGMETRICS: ACM Special Interest Group on Measurement and Evaluation
- SIGMOBILE: ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing
- SIGOPS: ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 26 April 2024
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Funding Sources
Conference
SenSys '23
SenSys '23: 21st ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
November 12 - 17, 2023
Istanbul, Turkiye
Acceptance Rates
Overall Acceptance Rate 198 of 990 submissions, 20%
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 246Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)246
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)40
Reflects downloads up to 18 Feb 2025
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in