To combat COVID-19, the Philippine government has taken various measures including the passing of... more To combat COVID-19, the Philippine government has taken various measures including the passing of the Bayanihan 1 Act to fight COVID-19, formation of interagency task force on COVID-19, quarantine measures, economic lockdown, establishment of COVID-19 testing, quarantine and treatment facilities, and the passing of the Bayanihan Act 2 for the 3-phase economic recovery plan. This study strives to investigate the effect of lockdown on seven lakes of San Pablo City, Philippines. Results shows that, lockdown measures have both positive and negative impacts in the seven lakes. Aquaculture and ecotourism activities were greatly reduced providing opportunity for the lake ecosystem to rebound. Locals observed that the lakes had better water quality and increased fish populations. However, these reduced anthropogenic activities negatively affected the livelihood and social well-being of the local communities. The City Tourism office provided training on alternative livelihood strategies under the ‘new normal.’ Lessons from COVID-19 include good governance towards building resilience of local communities and ecosystems.
The study quantified the recreational benefits of Consocep Mountain Resort for the current and hy... more The study quantified the recreational benefits of Consocep Mountain Resort for the current and hypothetical improvement of the area. Recreation sites revealed their economic value through the services that they provide. However, these services do not command a price, which leads to an underestimation of their value. The travel cost method is one of the methods for estimating recreational values by converting physical and social benefits into monetary terms. The travel cost method was used to estimate the economic use value of Consocep Mountain Resort in its present condition by using visitors’ actual expenditures. Contingent behavior was added to compute the change in welfare, assuming that an improvement will occur and an additional access fee will be implemented. Given the current site condition of the area, the consumer surplus of a single visit per tourist is PhP 2,136.75 (US$ 41.41), while the consumer surplus for an improved visit is PhP 3,539.82 (US$ 68.60). visitors give hig...
Many ecosystem services (ES) are provided by watersheds to downstream populations at no cost to t... more Many ecosystem services (ES) are provided by watersheds to downstream populations at no cost to them. To ensure sustainability, those who benefit from these services should be engaged in the protection and management of the watershed. The Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBdL) provides non-market values that are not considered in management planning; thus, the underestimation of its ES adversely affects its provisioning capabilities. Adding to this shortcoming is the insufficiency of funds to sustain the current watershed conservation initiatives. This study assesses the value that domestic water users have for sustained water supply resulting from the improved conservation of the MBdL watershed through contingent valuation. The willingness to pay (WTP) of 500 respondents from Lucban, Pagbilao, and Lucena City was estimated using logit regression to develop the model. Results revealed that 95% of the respondents voted yes to the referendum and that about 65% support the improved watershed con...
Ecotourism sites are established to provide “sustainable tourism,” bring economic opportunities t... more Ecotourism sites are established to provide “sustainable tourism,” bring economic opportunities to the local communities, and can potentially augment funding for conserving protected areas by charging entrance fees. A dilemma, however, faced by managers during the early stages of the development of ecotourism sites is the uncertain effect of increasing entrance fees on demand. This creates an apprehension to use entrance fees as a sustainable financing mechanism for conservation. This study used a combination of revealed and stated preference approaches to provide information on the recreational benefits and empirical guidance in setting entrance fee surcharges for proposed improvements in two eco-tourism sites of Bataan Natural Park – specifically, Ambon-Ambon and Lumutan Eco-trail and Tala River. Count data regression models were used to estimate the consumer surplus of visitors for the current conditions. In contrast, the contingent behavior method was used to measure the visitor...
The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact th... more The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact the author(s) to request a copy of the material
This study aims to measure the value of a nonmarketed public good, the improvement of weather and... more This study aims to measure the value of a nonmarketed public good, the improvement of weather and seasonal climate information, using the contingent valuation method. It also determined the factors affecting willingness-to-pay (WTP) of farmers for improved weather and seasonal climate information and drew policy implications and identified strategies to improve weather and seasonal climate information for better risk management in agricultural production. The study applied both parametric and nonparametric methods to estimate the mean WTP of farmers. The payment is in terms of crop harvest, but a monetary equivalent value was computed. Results of the logistic regression showed a WTP of PhP 633 per ha per cropping for an improvement of weather and seasonal climate forecast or a total value of PhP 5,141,745 per cropping. Meanwhile, Turnbull estimation results suggest a lower bound value of PhP 420 per ha per cropping and an upper bound value of PhP 1,086 per ha per cropping or a total...
The previous paper (Menz, this issue) explored the nexus between agricultural extension and socia... more The previous paper (Menz, this issue) explored the nexus between agricultural extension and social capital. This chapter spells out the nature of social capital in a more extensive way. Although social capital is a relatively new concept, one of its attractions is that it can accommodate both economic and social science philosophies. An illuminating elucidation of social capital was given by Alejandro Portes: “Whereas economic capital is in people’s bank accounts and human capital is inside their heads, social capital is (inherent) in the structure of their relationships. To possess social capital, a person must be related to others, and it is these others . . . who are the actual source of his or her advantage.” Building social capital can help economic development by reducing the cost of conducting day-to-day business, it facilitates the spread of knowledge and innovation and it promotes cooperation and market-based interaction. From the review of the literature on social capital ...
Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia Climate Change Technical Reports WHAT IS EEPSE... more Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia Climate Change Technical Reports WHAT IS EEPSEA? The Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia was established in May 1993 to support training and research in environmental and resource economics. Its goal is to strengthen local capacity in the economic analysis of environmental problems so that researchers can provide sound advice to policy-makers. The program uses a networking approach to provide financial support, meetings, resource persons, access to literature, publication avenues, and opportunities for comparative research across its nine member countries. These are Thailand,
The improvement of farm income generating capacity via social capital enhancement is a common goa... more The improvement of farm income generating capacity via social capital enhancement is a common goal in many community-based rural development projects. Yet, there are extremely limited studies empirically linking economic benefits and social capital, especially at the level of individual farm households. This paper aims to estimate empirically this relationship using farm household consumption expenditure as a proxy for farm income in the case of conflict-vulnerable areas in Mindanao, Philippines. Social capital enhancement is thought to be especially relevant in such areas, and the results in this paper engender more confidence in such an approach. A reduced-form model was estimated using ordinary least squares method and household survey data of 185 respondents. The model results indicate positive correlation between household social capital and farm household consumption expenditure. Specifically at the current level of consumption expenditure in the study households, social capit...
To combat COVID-19, the Philippine government has taken various measures including the passing of... more To combat COVID-19, the Philippine government has taken various measures including the passing of the Bayanihan 1 Act to fight COVID-19, formation of interagency task force on COVID-19, quarantine measures, economic lockdown, establishment of COVID-19 testing, quarantine and treatment facilities, and the passing of the Bayanihan Act 2 for the 3-phase economic recovery plan. This study strives to investigate the effect of lockdown on seven lakes of San Pablo City, Philippines. Results shows that, lockdown measures have both positive and negative impacts in the seven lakes. Aquaculture and ecotourism activities were greatly reduced providing opportunity for the lake ecosystem to rebound. Locals observed that the lakes had better water quality and increased fish populations. However, these reduced anthropogenic activities negatively affected the livelihood and social well-being of the local communities. The City Tourism office provided training on alternative livelihood strategies under the ‘new normal.’ Lessons from COVID-19 include good governance towards building resilience of local communities and ecosystems.
The study quantified the recreational benefits of Consocep Mountain Resort for the current and hy... more The study quantified the recreational benefits of Consocep Mountain Resort for the current and hypothetical improvement of the area. Recreation sites revealed their economic value through the services that they provide. However, these services do not command a price, which leads to an underestimation of their value. The travel cost method is one of the methods for estimating recreational values by converting physical and social benefits into monetary terms. The travel cost method was used to estimate the economic use value of Consocep Mountain Resort in its present condition by using visitors’ actual expenditures. Contingent behavior was added to compute the change in welfare, assuming that an improvement will occur and an additional access fee will be implemented. Given the current site condition of the area, the consumer surplus of a single visit per tourist is PhP 2,136.75 (US$ 41.41), while the consumer surplus for an improved visit is PhP 3,539.82 (US$ 68.60). visitors give hig...
Many ecosystem services (ES) are provided by watersheds to downstream populations at no cost to t... more Many ecosystem services (ES) are provided by watersheds to downstream populations at no cost to them. To ensure sustainability, those who benefit from these services should be engaged in the protection and management of the watershed. The Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBdL) provides non-market values that are not considered in management planning; thus, the underestimation of its ES adversely affects its provisioning capabilities. Adding to this shortcoming is the insufficiency of funds to sustain the current watershed conservation initiatives. This study assesses the value that domestic water users have for sustained water supply resulting from the improved conservation of the MBdL watershed through contingent valuation. The willingness to pay (WTP) of 500 respondents from Lucban, Pagbilao, and Lucena City was estimated using logit regression to develop the model. Results revealed that 95% of the respondents voted yes to the referendum and that about 65% support the improved watershed con...
Ecotourism sites are established to provide “sustainable tourism,” bring economic opportunities t... more Ecotourism sites are established to provide “sustainable tourism,” bring economic opportunities to the local communities, and can potentially augment funding for conserving protected areas by charging entrance fees. A dilemma, however, faced by managers during the early stages of the development of ecotourism sites is the uncertain effect of increasing entrance fees on demand. This creates an apprehension to use entrance fees as a sustainable financing mechanism for conservation. This study used a combination of revealed and stated preference approaches to provide information on the recreational benefits and empirical guidance in setting entrance fee surcharges for proposed improvements in two eco-tourism sites of Bataan Natural Park – specifically, Ambon-Ambon and Lumutan Eco-trail and Tala River. Count data regression models were used to estimate the consumer surplus of visitors for the current conditions. In contrast, the contingent behavior method was used to measure the visitor...
The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact th... more The author(s) of this study has/have restricted online access to this material. Kindly contact the author(s) to request a copy of the material
This study aims to measure the value of a nonmarketed public good, the improvement of weather and... more This study aims to measure the value of a nonmarketed public good, the improvement of weather and seasonal climate information, using the contingent valuation method. It also determined the factors affecting willingness-to-pay (WTP) of farmers for improved weather and seasonal climate information and drew policy implications and identified strategies to improve weather and seasonal climate information for better risk management in agricultural production. The study applied both parametric and nonparametric methods to estimate the mean WTP of farmers. The payment is in terms of crop harvest, but a monetary equivalent value was computed. Results of the logistic regression showed a WTP of PhP 633 per ha per cropping for an improvement of weather and seasonal climate forecast or a total value of PhP 5,141,745 per cropping. Meanwhile, Turnbull estimation results suggest a lower bound value of PhP 420 per ha per cropping and an upper bound value of PhP 1,086 per ha per cropping or a total...
The previous paper (Menz, this issue) explored the nexus between agricultural extension and socia... more The previous paper (Menz, this issue) explored the nexus between agricultural extension and social capital. This chapter spells out the nature of social capital in a more extensive way. Although social capital is a relatively new concept, one of its attractions is that it can accommodate both economic and social science philosophies. An illuminating elucidation of social capital was given by Alejandro Portes: “Whereas economic capital is in people’s bank accounts and human capital is inside their heads, social capital is (inherent) in the structure of their relationships. To possess social capital, a person must be related to others, and it is these others . . . who are the actual source of his or her advantage.” Building social capital can help economic development by reducing the cost of conducting day-to-day business, it facilitates the spread of knowledge and innovation and it promotes cooperation and market-based interaction. From the review of the literature on social capital ...
Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia Climate Change Technical Reports WHAT IS EEPSE... more Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia Climate Change Technical Reports WHAT IS EEPSEA? The Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia was established in May 1993 to support training and research in environmental and resource economics. Its goal is to strengthen local capacity in the economic analysis of environmental problems so that researchers can provide sound advice to policy-makers. The program uses a networking approach to provide financial support, meetings, resource persons, access to literature, publication avenues, and opportunities for comparative research across its nine member countries. These are Thailand,
The improvement of farm income generating capacity via social capital enhancement is a common goa... more The improvement of farm income generating capacity via social capital enhancement is a common goal in many community-based rural development projects. Yet, there are extremely limited studies empirically linking economic benefits and social capital, especially at the level of individual farm households. This paper aims to estimate empirically this relationship using farm household consumption expenditure as a proxy for farm income in the case of conflict-vulnerable areas in Mindanao, Philippines. Social capital enhancement is thought to be especially relevant in such areas, and the results in this paper engender more confidence in such an approach. A reduced-form model was estimated using ordinary least squares method and household survey data of 185 respondents. The model results indicate positive correlation between household social capital and farm household consumption expenditure. Specifically at the current level of consumption expenditure in the study households, social capit...
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